可以直接貼上程式碼使用

--建立資料庫命令
create database j1216
on
(
name=j1216,
filename='E:\shuju\j1216\j1216.mdf',
size=10,
maxsize=50,
filegrowth=5
)
log on
(
name=j1216_log,
filename='E:\shuju\j1216\j1216_log.ldf',
size=5,
maxsize=25,
filegrowth=5
)
go
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--建立表
--建立學生表
create table tb_student
(
id int identity(1,1) primary key not null,
s_name varchar(20),
sex varchar(10),
age int
)
--建立成績表
create table tb_sc
(
tno varchar(20) primary key not null,
grade int,
sno varchar(20) not null,
c_no int not null
)
--建立課程表
create table tb_course
(
c_id int identity(1,1) primary key not null,
c_no int not null,
c_name varchar(50)
)
--建立部門表
create table tb_depart
(
id int identity(1,1) primary key not null,
d_no int ,
d_name varchar(50)
)
--建立成績表
create table tb_grade
(
g_no varchar(20) primary key not null,
s_no varchar(20) not null,
w_grade int,
l_grade int
)
--建立訂單表
create table OrderDetails
(
OrderD int primary key not null,
ProductD int,
UnitPrice money,
Quantity int
)
--建立貨倉表
create table Products
(
ProductD int primary key not null,
UnetislnStock int
)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--刪除表
select * from  tb_student
select * from  tb_user
select * from OrderDetails;
select * from tb_sc;
drop table tb_sc
drop table tb_student_clone
drop table tb_student_clone2

create table tb_user
(
id int,
uname varchar(20)
)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--使用資料庫
 use j1216
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--修改表的欄位型別
alter table tb_student alter column s_name varchar(30)
--刪除欄位
alter table tb_student drop column age
--新增欄位
alter table tb_student add  age int
alter table tb_student add tno varchar(20)
alter table tb_student add d_no int
--欄位重新命名
exec sp_rename 'tb_student.s_name','sname','column'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------給表新增主鍵
----新增列語法：ALTER TABLE 表名 Add 列名 型別 ...
alter table tb_user add userid int not null identity(10,1);

------ 語法：   alter table 表名 add constraint 約束名 primary key (你的主鍵);  
alter table tb_user add constraint pk_tb_user primary key (userid);

--給表tb_student新增外來鍵
----- 語法：alter table 表名 add constraint 約束名 foreign key (你的外來鍵) references (表名)(欄位名)
------ 指定表中的資料是否用新新增的或重新啟用的 FOREIGN KEY 或 CHECK 約束進行驗證。如果沒有指定，對於新約束，假定為 WITH CHECK，對於重新啟用的約束，假定為 WITH NOCHECK
alter table tb_student with check add constraint pk_tno
foreign key(tno) references tb_sc(tno)

--給表OrderDetails新增外來鍵
alter table OrderDetails with nocheck add constraint pk_ProductD
foreign key(ProductD) references Products(ProductD)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--向表中新增資料
--向學生表中新增資料
insert into  tb_student(s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no) values('張三','男',21,'1203',15);
insert into  tb_student(s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no) values('歐陽鋒','男',120,'1208',63);
insert into  tb_student(s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no) values('歐陽亞雄','男',27,'1203',42);
insert into  tb_student(s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no) values('DB_i11','男',32,'1207',77);
insert into  tb_student(s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no) values('DB_ii1111','男',23,'1201',56);
--向成績表中新增資料
insert into tb_sc(tno,grade,sno,c_no) values('1201',85,'1',1000)
insert into tb_sc(tno,grade,sno,c_no) values('1202',80,'2',1001)
insert into tb_sc(tno,grade,sno,c_no) values('1203',77,'1',1000)
insert into tb_sc(tno,grade,sno,c_no) values('1204',65,'2',1001)
insert into tb_sc(tno,grade,sno,c_no) values('1205',45,'1',1000)
insert into tb_sc(tno,grade,sno,c_no) values('1206',98,'1',1000)
insert into tb_sc(tno,grade,sno,c_no) values('1207',78,'2',1001)
insert into tb_sc(tno,grade,sno,c_no) values('1208',86,'2',1001)
--向課程表中新增資料
insert into tb_course(c_no,c_name) values(1000,'java')
insert into tb_course(c_no,c_name) values(1001,'c++')
insert into tb_course(c_no,c_name) values(1002,'c#')
insert into tb_course(c_no,c_name) values(1003,'.net')
insert into tb_course(c_no,c_name) values(1004,'php')
insert into tb_course(c_no,c_name) values(1005,'android')
--向院系表中新增資訊
insert into tb_depart(d_no,d_name) values(1111,'計算機學院')
insert into tb_depart(d_no,d_name) values(2222,'管理學院')
insert into tb_depart(d_no,d_name) values(3333,'旅遊學院')
insert into tb_depart(d_no,d_name) values(4444,'烹飪學院')
--向貨倉表中新增資料
insert into Products(ProductD,UnetislnStock) values(1,15)
insert into Products(ProductD,UnetislnStock) values(2,65)
insert into Products(ProductD,UnetislnStock) values(3,20)
insert into Products(ProductD,UnetislnStock) values(4,50)
--向訂單表中新增資料
insert into OrderDetails(OrderD, ProductD, UnitPrice, Quantity) values(10522,1,31.00,6)
insert into OrderDetails(OrderD, ProductD, UnitPrice, Quantity) values(10523,2,9.65,7)
insert into OrderDetails(OrderD, ProductD, UnitPrice, Quantity) values(10524,3,30.00,10)
insert into OrderDetails(OrderD, ProductD, UnitPrice, Quantity) values(10525,4,19.00,5)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--迴圈向tb_grade表中新增資料
--宣告變數
declare @t int
declare @a int
declare @s int
   --隨即產生1-100之間的整數
   set @t=rand()*100
   set @a=rand()*100
   print @t;
   print @a;
   set @s=0
   print @s;
while(@s<100)
begin
   if(@t>10 and @a>10)
       begin
             -----一般來講cast()適用範圍略廣，convert(),一般用於日期和字串之間進行轉換SELECT CAST(CONVERT(CHAR(10),CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,121) AS DATETIME
          insert into tb_grade(g_no, s_no, w_grade, l_grade) values('s27181'+cast(@s as varchar(2)),'s2530'+cast(@s as varchar(2)),@t,@a)
          set @t=rand()*100
          set @a=rand()*100
       end
          set @
 
[email protected]+1
end
go

select * from tb_grade;
select * from tb_student;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--修改表中資訊
update tb_student set sex='女' where s_name like '%三'
update tb_student set sex='男' where s_name like 'DB%'
update tb_student set d_no=1111 where id<7
update tb_student set d_no=2222 where id<23 and id>=21
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--刪除整張表的資訊
delete from tb_student
delete from tb_student_clone
delete from tb_student_clone2
delete from tb_sc
delete from tb_grade
delete from OrderDetails
delete from Products
--刪除部分資料
delete from tb_student where id=1
delete from tb_student where s_name like '歐陽%'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--查詢語句
select * from tb_student
select * from tb_sc
select * from tb_course
select * from tb_grade
select * from tb_student_clone
select * from tb_student_clone2
select * from Products
select * from OrderDetails
--根據id降序查詢
select * from tb_student order by id desc
--根據id升序查詢
select * from tb_student order by id asc

--查詢所有年齡在20歲以下的學生的姓名及其年齡
select s_name,age from tb_student where age>20
--查詢年齡在20到25歲之間的學生的資訊
select * from tb_student where age>20 and age<25
select * from tb_student where age between 21 and 24
--查詢姓"歐陽"且全名只有3個字的學生的姓名
--- sql中like用法 ：
---                *          它同於DOS命令中的萬用字元，代表多個字元。                          (如：c*c代表cc,cBc,cbc,cabdfec等)
---                %          這種方法在很多程式中要用到，主要是查詢包含子串的。               (如：%c%代表agdcagd等)
---               [*]         代替*                                                            (如:a[*]a代表a*a)
---                ?          同於DOS命令中的？萬用字元，代表單個字元                            (如:b?b代表brb,bFb等)
---                #          大致同上，不同的是代只能代表單個數字。                           (如：k#k代表k1k,k8k,k0k)
---                _          指定一個範圍中任意一個                                           (如：[a-z]代表a到z的26個字母中任意一個)
---             [!字元]       它只代表單個字元                                                 (如：[!a-z]代表9,0,%,*等)
---             [!數字]       它只代表單個字元                                                 (如：[!0-9]代表A,b,C,d等)
---    字元[範圍型別]字元     可以和其它幾種方式組合使用                                       (如：cc[!a-d]#代表ccF#等)
select s_name from tb_student where s_name like '歐陽_'
select s_name from tb_student where s_name like '歐陽%' and len(s_name)=3
--查詢"DB_"開頭,且倒數第三個字元為i的課程的詳細情況
--當記錄中有萬用字元時使用轉義\escape '\'
select * from tb_student where s_name like 'DB\_%i__'escape '\'
--查詢選修了3號課程的學生的學號及其成績,查詢結果按分數的降序排列
select sno,grade from tb_sc where sno=3 order by grade desc
--查詢男女生各有多少人
select count(*)from tb_student where sex='男'
union
select count(*)from tb_student where sex='女'
--按性別分組查詢
select sex as '性別',count(*) as '人數' from tb_student  group by sex
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--把相同的欄位去掉
select distinct sex from tb_student
--truncate 和delete,truncate 執行的速度比delete快
--刪除全部資料,保留表的結構
truncate table tb_course
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--T-SQL
--迴圈想表中新增資料的SQL指令碼
declare @t int --宣告一個整型變數
declare @s char(2) --性別
set @t=0 --給整型變數賦值
while(@t<10)  --迴圈
begin
   --迴圈體
   if(@t%2!=0)
       set @s='男'
   else
      set @s='女'
   insert into tb_student(s_name,sex,age,tno) values('劉備'+cast(@t as varchar(2)),@s,
 
[email protected],cast(([email protected]) as varchar(30) ))
    set @[email protected]+1
end

--迴圈修改表中的資料
declare @t int --宣告一個變數
declare @s int
   set @t=1197  --給整型變數賦值
   set @s=31
while(@t<1204) --迴圈
begin
    --迴圈體
    update tb_student set [email protected] where [email protected]
 

    set @[email protected]+1
    set @[email protected]+1
end
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--複製表
select * into tb_student_clone from tb_student where 1=1
--複製表結構
select * into tb_student_clone2 from tb_student where 1=2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--分頁每頁顯示5條記錄
select top 5 * from tb_student
select top 5 * from tb_student order by id asc
--顯示第二頁
select top 5 * from tb_student where id not in(select top 5 id from tb_student)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--冒牌分頁
declare @t1 int --宣告一個整型變數
declare @pagecount int
set @t1=0 --給整型變數賦值
set @pagecount=(cast((select count(*) as count from tb_student) as int)/5)+1;
print @pagecount;
while(@t1<(@pagecount)) --迴圈
begin
--迴圈體
       select top 5 * from tb_student where id not in(select top (5*@t1) id from tb_student)
    set @[email protected]+1
end
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--每頁顯示m條資料,查詢第n頁結果
declare @m int ---每頁顯示多少條資料
declare @n int ---
set @m=5
set @n=(cast((select count(*) as count from tb_student) as int)/5)+1;
print @n
if (@n-1)>0
begin
   select top (@m) * from tb_student where id not in(select top (@m*(@n-1)) id from tb_student)
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--求交集,可以直接用and
select * from tb_student where sex='女'
intersect
select * from tb_student where age>35
--求並集 系統會自動將重複的元組去掉
select * from tb_student where sex='男'
union
select * from tb_student where age>21
----求交集   系統保留重複元素組
select * from tb_student where sex='男'
union all
select * from tb_student where age>21
--求補集
select * from tb_student where sex='男'
except
select * from tb_student where age<30
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--獲得當前增量的值 identity--系統變數
select @@identity as abc
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--cast型別轉換函式
select cast('123' as int)
select cast('2012-12-11' as datetime)
select cast(CONVERT(varchar(800),GETDATE(),121) as datetime)
--convert型別轉換函式
select convert(datetime, '2012-12-11')
--獲取當前時間
select current_timestamp
--獲取當前主機埠號和主機名
select host_id() as '主機埠號',host_name() as '主機名'
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--字串的連線
select * from tb_student where s_name=('劉備'+'0')
--當表中不存在此欄位時,系統會自動建立一個虛列欄位
select *,('abc'+'123') as a from tb_student
select *  from tb_student
select * from tb_depart
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--多表查詢
select distinct * from tb_student as s,tb_course as c,tb_sc as sc
 where s.tno=sc.tno and c.c_no=sc.c_no
--連線查詢
--內聯查詢
select a.*,b.d_name from tb_student a inner join tb_depart b on b.d_name='計算機學院' and a.d_no=b.d_no
--左連查詢,以左邊表為基表,滿足條件的查詢出來,不滿足條件用null填充
select * from tb_student a left join tb_depart b on a.d_no=b.d_no and b.d_name='計算機學院'
--右連查詢,以右邊表為基表,滿足條件的查詢出來,不滿足條件用null填充
select * from tb_student a right join tb_depart b on a.d_no=b.d_no and b.d_name='計算機學院'
--巢狀查詢
select * from tb_depart as a where a.d_no  in(select d_no from tb_student where s_name='張三')

select * from tb_depart as a where a.d_no not in(select d_no from tb_student where s_name='張三')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--建立檢視
create view view_sc
  as
   select a.*,b.d_name from tb_student a right join tb_depart b on a.d_no=b.d_no and b.d_name='計算機學院'
--查詢檢視
select * from view_sc a,tb_sc b where a.tno=b.tno
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--判斷資料庫是否存在,如果存在,就刪除它
 if exists (select * from sysdatabases where name='j1216') drop database j1216
--判斷表在資料庫中是否存在,如果存在,就刪除它
 if exists (select * from sysdatabases where name='tb_sc') drop table tb_sc
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--定義變數儲存表中的記錄
declare @t2 int
select @t2=count(*) from tb_student
print @t2;
--列印變數
----print 直接返回一個值
----select 返回一個帶有結構的值，比如說有列名
print @t2
select @t2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--全域性變數的使用
--列印SQL Server的版本
 print  'SQL Server的版本: '[email protected]@VERSION
--列印伺服器的名稱
 print  '伺服器的名稱: '[email protected]@SERVERNAME
--向tb_student表中新增一行資料
INSERT INTO tb_student(s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no)   
     VALUES('武松','男',23,'1205',63)
--如果大於0表示上一條語句執行有錯誤
print '當前錯誤號: '+convert(varchar(5),@@ERROR)
--列印剛在表中新增的資料的ID號
 print '剛才報名的學員，座位號為:'  
              +convert(varchar(5),@@IDENTITY )
--修改tb_student表中姓名為'李四'的學生的年齡
UPDATE tb_student SET age=85
       WHERE s_name='李四'
--如果大於0表示上一條語句執行有錯誤
print '當前錯誤號: '+convert(varchar(5),@@ERROR)
--GO是批處理的標誌，
--表示SQL Server將這些T-SQL語句編譯為一個執行單元，提高執行效率
GO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--if-else語句的使用
declare @a float
  select @a=avg(w_grade) from tb_grade
  print @a
  print '平均分是:'+convert(varchar(10),@a)
if(@a>=60)
    begin
        print '平均成績:良'
        select top 3 g_no, s_no, w_grade from tb_grade order by w_grade desc
   end
else
   begin
       print '平均成績:差'
       select top 3 g_no, s_no, w_grade from tb_grade order by w_grade asc
   end
go
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--while迴圈語句
declare @a1 float
while(1=1)
   begin
     select @a1=count(*) from tb_grade where w_grade<60
     print @a1
         if(@a1>0)
              begin
                 update tb_grade set w_grade=w_grade+2 where w_grade<60
              end
         else
              begin
                 break;
              end
    end
go

select * from tb_grade;
--變數儲存小於60分的學生人數
declare @c int
   select @c=count(*) from tb_grade where w_grade<60
while(@c>0)
begin
   update tb_grade set w_grade=w_grade+2
   select @c=count(*) from tb_grade where w_grade<60
end
go
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--case end
---相當於switch  
select *,
 case
    when w_grade>=90 then 'A'
    when w_grade>=80 and w_grade<=89 then 'B'
    when w_grade>=70 and w_grade<=79 then 'C'
    when w_grade>=60 and w_grade<=69 then 'D'
 else 'E'
   end as '成績評定'
from tb_grade
go
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--觸發器的語法
----     create trigger triggerName on tableName
----     for delete,|insert,|update
----     as
----     begin
----        --T-SQL
----     end

--建立一張備份表
select * into tb_student_clone from tb_student where 1=2
--建立觸發器的指令碼
--deleted inserted是刪除,增加時呼叫的虛擬表
drop trigger tg_student;
drop trigger tg_student1;
drop trigger tg_student2;

------ tb_student和tb_sc有主外來鍵關聯，建立刪除觸發器需要先刪除從表後刪主表
---------------------------------刪除觸發器
create trigger tg_student on tb_student
for delete
as
begin
   insert into tb_student_clone(id,s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no)
   select id,s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no from deleted
end
----呼叫觸發器
delete from tb_student where id=25  ---報錯: 當 IDENTITY_INSERT 設定為 OFF 時，不能為表 'tb_student_clone' 中的標識列插入顯式值。
--------正確如下:
create trigger tg_student1 on tb_student
for delete
as
begin
   set IDENTITY_INSERT tb_student_clone on
   insert into tb_student_clone(id,s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no)
   select id,s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no from deleted
end
-------------------------插入觸發器
create trigger tg_student2 on tb_student
for insert
as
begin
   set IDENTITY_INSERT tb_student_clone on
   insert into tb_student_clone(id,s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no)
   select id,s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no from inserted
end
--觸發器的呼叫
insert into tb_student(s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no)
 values('','',25,'1206',9)

select * from tb_student_clone
--刪除觸發器
drop trigger tg_student
--禁用觸發器
disable trigger tg_student on tb_student
disable trigger tg_student2 on tb_student
--啟用觸發器
enable trigger tg_student on tb_student
--修改觸發器 只需要在建立觸發器的指令碼中將create改為alter
alter trigger tg_student on tb_student
for delete,update
as
begin
   set IDENTITY_INSERT tb_student_clone on
   insert into tb_student_clone(id,s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no)
   select id,s_name,sex,age,tno,d_no from deleted
end
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--建立觸發器,使得在向OrderDetails表中新增資料時,貨倉表中的貨物數量UnetislnStock
--則要減去相應的訂單表中預定的數量Quantity
create trigger tg_order on OrderDetails
for insert
as
   begin
      [email protected]是訂單中產品數量
      declare @a int
      [email protected]是訂單中產品號碼
      declare @b int
          select @a=Quantity from inserted
          select @b=ProductD from inserted
          update Products  set UnetislnStock=([email protected]) where [email protected]
   end
--禁用觸發器
disable trigger tri_order on OrderDetails
--啟用觸發器
enable trigger tri_order on OrderDetails
--呼叫觸發器
insert into OrderDetails(OrderD, ProductD, UnitPrice, Quantity) values(10527,4,19.00,10)
select * from Products
select * from OrderDetails;
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--建立無參儲存過程
create proc pro_2 as
begin
  insert into tb_student( s_name, sex, age, tno, d_no) values('李剛','男',35,'1207',8)
end
--呼叫儲存過程
exec pro_2
--建立帶引數的儲存過程,輸入和輸出引數(用output定義的引數為輸出引數)
--用in定義的引數是輸入引數(in可以不寫)
create proc pro_4(@name varchar(20),@sex varchar(2),
                  @age int,@tno varchar(50),@d_no int,@c int output) as
begin
  insert into tb_student(s_name, sex, age, tno, d_no)
              values(@name,@sex,@age,@tno,@d_no)
  set @[email protected]@rowcount
  print '新增'+convert(varchar(5),@c)+'條資料'
end
--呼叫儲存過程
declare @a int
exec pro_4 '鳳姐','女',30,'1203',250,@a
--修改儲存過程 只需要在建立儲存過程的指令碼中將create改為alter
alter proc pro_4(@name varchar(20),@sex varchar(2),
                  @age int,@tno varchar(50),@d_no int,@c int output) as
begin
  if @name=''
  begin
    raiserror('姓名不能為空',17,1)
    return
  end
  insert into tb_student(s_name, sex, age, tno, d_no)
              values(@name,@sex,@age,@tno,@d_no)
  set @[email protected]@rowcount
  print '新增'+convert(varchar(5),@c)+'條資料'
end
--呼叫儲存過程
declare @a int
exec pro_4 '','女',30,'1207',250,@a

declare @a int
exec pro_4 '伏羲','女',30,'1207',250,@a
--刪除儲存過程
drop proc pro_2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--儲存過程:查詢資料庫中指定開始行到結束行記錄
create proc pro_zuoye(@a int,@b int)
as
begin
     select * from tb_student where id not in(select top (@a-1) id from tb_student)
     intersect
     select * from tb_student where id in(select top (@b) id from tb_student )
end
--呼叫儲存過程
exec pro_zuoye 5,8
--------------------簡單的分頁,使用儲存過程
USE [j1216]
GO
/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[Sp_PapeView]    Script Date: 07/24/2013 15:45:31 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS OFF
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
create proc Sp_PageView
(
  @RecordCount  int OUTPUT, --總記錄數
  @PageSize  int=4,            --每頁的大小(記錄數)
  @PageCurrent int=1,              --要顯示的頁碼
  @PageCount  int OUTPUT        --總頁數  
)
as
begin
   select @RecordCount=COUNT(*) from tb_student
   select @[email protected]/@PageSize+1
   select top (@PageSize) * from tb_student where id not in (select top ((@PageCurrent-1)*@PageCount) id from tb_student)
end

declare @RecordCount int,@PageCount int
exec sp_pageView @RecordCount,5,1,@PageCount

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--備註:凡是使用create函式建立的資料庫元素,全部都用drop來刪除