1. 程式人生 > >例項介紹利用valgrind定位記憶體洩漏問題

例項介紹利用valgrind定位記憶體洩漏問題

        在前面的文章中, 我們簡單瞭解了valgrind工具的用途以及安裝, 以便大家能進行實際操作。 在本文中, 我們通過例項來看看如何利用valgrind來定位記憶體洩漏問題。 先看程式:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
char* getMemory()
{
	char *p = (char *)malloc(30); 
	return p;
}

int main()
{
	char *p = getMemory();
	p = NULL;
	
	return 0;
}
       只要是懂一點C/C++的人, 就很容易看出上述程式有記憶體洩漏, 我們用valgrind工具來檢測下:
[
[email protected]
~/valgrind-3.8.1/bin]# ./valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=yes --show-reachable=yes ./a.out ==19226== Memcheck, a memory error detector ==19226== Copyright (C) 2002-2012, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al. ==19226== Using Valgrind-3.8.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info ==19226== Command: ./a.out ==19226== ==19226== ==19226== HEAP SUMMARY: ==19226== in use at exit: 30 bytes in 1 blocks ==19226== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 30 bytes allocated ==19226== ==19226== 30 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1 ==19226== at 0x4C278FE: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:270) ==19226== by 0x4005B5: getMemory() (in /root/valgrind-3.8.1/bin/a.out) ==19226== by 0x4005CC: main (in /root/valgrind-3.8.1/bin/a.out) ==19226== ==19226== LEAK SUMMARY: ==19226== definitely lost: 30 bytes in 1 blocks ==19226== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==19226== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==19226== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==19226== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==19226== ==19226== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v ==19226== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 6 from 6) [
[email protected]
~/valgrind-3.8.1/bin]#

       我們可以很清楚地看到, 在getMemory呼叫malloc的那裡, 有記憶體洩漏。最左邊的19226表示程序號!

       不過, 這樣看著也挺蛋疼的, 如果程式碼過多, 肉眼據不太好分析了, 能不能把記憶體洩漏的程式碼行給找出來呢? 當然能! 回想一下我們之前介紹過得core dump定位到程式碼行的問題, 兩個必要條件是:  編譯時必須有-g引數; 編譯後不能strip.  我們一起再看看:

[[email protected] ~/valgrind-3.8.1/bin]# g++ -g test.cpp 
[
[email protected]
~/valgrind-3.8.1/bin]# [[email protected] ~/valgrind-3.8.1/bin]# ./valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=yes --show-reachable=yes ./a.out ==20448== Memcheck, a memory error detector ==20448== Copyright (C) 2002-2012, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al. ==20448== Using Valgrind-3.8.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info ==20448== Command: ./a.out ==20448== ==20448== ==20448== HEAP SUMMARY: ==20448== in use at exit: 30 bytes in 1 blocks ==20448== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 30 bytes allocated ==20448== ==20448== 30 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1 ==20448== at 0x4C278FE: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:270) ==20448== by 0x4005B5: getMemory() (test.cpp:5) ==20448== by 0x4005CC: main (test.cpp:11) ==20448== ==20448== LEAK SUMMARY: ==20448== definitely lost: 30 bytes in 1 blocks ==20448== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==20448== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==20448== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==20448== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==20448== ==20448== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v ==20448== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 6 from 6) [[email protected] ~/valgrind-3.8.1/bin]#

        好了, 洩漏的程式碼行出來了。 這裡, 我順便說說以往介紹過得addr2line命令, 如果用addr2line -e a.out 0x4005B5,  也是能得出程式碼行的。

        fix後的程式碼如下:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
char* getMemory()
{
	char *p = (char *)malloc(30); 
	return p;
}

int main()
{
	char *p = getMemory();
	if(p != NULL)
	{
		free(p);
		p = NULL;
	}
	
	return 0;
}

        我們再用valgrind工具檢測一下:

[[email protected] ~/valgrind-3.8.1/bin]# g++ -g test.cpp 
[[email protected] ~/valgrind-3.8.1/bin]# 
[[email protected] ~/valgrind-3.8.1/bin]# ./valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=yes --show-reachable=yes ./a.out
==21033== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==21033== Copyright (C) 2002-2012, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==21033== Using Valgrind-3.8.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==21033== Command: ./a.out
==21033== 
==21033== 
==21033== HEAP SUMMARY:
==21033==     in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==21033==   total heap usage: 1 allocs, 1 frees, 30 bytes allocated
==21033== 
==21033== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==21033== 
==21033== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==21033== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 6 from 6)
[[email protected] ~/valgrind-3.8.1/bin]# 

       可見, 沒有記憶體洩漏了。 爽爽噠羨慕羨慕