SpringCloud（九）zuul閘道器 路由與負載均衡
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-09
前言：
在前面的章節中，微服務架構中，每一個微服務都需要暴漏，不同的url，不同的埠，沒有一個統一的入口，這樣設計顯然不合理，閘道器的一個功能就是實現一個統一的入口，所有請求經過閘道器，然後閘道器統一代理到各個微服務，並且能實現負載均衡的功能。程式碼：
工程構造如下；
工程的pom.xml檔案：用的springboot2.0
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud10-zuul</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <modules> <module>eureka-server</module> <module>eureka-service</module> <module>eureka-feign</module> <module>zuul-service</module> </modules> <packaging>pom</packaging> <name>springcloud10-zuul</name> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RC2</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> </project>
建立一個Eureka微服務module：
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud10-zuul</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId> <name>eureka-server</name> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
application.yml
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
default-zone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka啟動類：
package com.xhx.springcloud; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaServer public class EurekaServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args); } }
建立一個服務端微服務module
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>eureka-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>eureka-service</name>
<parent>
<groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud10-zuul</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 8082
eureka:
client:
service-url:
default-zone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
spring:
application:
name: eureka-service
controller類：
package com.xhx.springcloud.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.validation.Valid;
/**
* xuhaixing
* 2018/6/3 16:18
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "hello")
public class HelloController {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;
@RequestMapping(value = "getName")
public String getName(@RequestParam("name") String name){
return name+port;
}
}
啟動類：
package com.xhx.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class EurekaServiceApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServiceApplication.class, args);
}
}
建立一個微服務消費者module:
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-feign</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>eureka-feign</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud10-zuul</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId> spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 8085
eureka:
client:
service-url:
default-zone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
spring:
application:
name: eureka-feign
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
feign api
package com.xhx.springcloud.api;
import com.xhx.springcloud.hystrix.HelloFeignHystrix;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
/**
* xuhaixing
* 2018/6/5 16:51
*/
@FeignClient(value = "EUREKA-SERVICE",path = "hello", fallback =HelloFeignHystrix.class)
public interface HelloFeign {
@RequestMapping(value = "getName")
public String getName(@RequestParam("name") String name);//@RequestParam 必須加上，否則可能會接不到引數
}
hystrix
package com.xhx.springcloud.hystrix;
import com.xhx.springcloud.api.HelloFeign;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* xuhaixing
* 2018/6/6 13:36
*/
@Component
public class HelloFeignHystrix implements HelloFeign {
@Override
public String getName(String name) {
return "請求第三方api錯誤";
}
}
controller
package com.xhx.springcloud.controller;
import com.netflix.discovery.converters.Auto;
import com.xhx.springcloud.api.HelloFeign;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* xuhaixing
* 2018/6/3 16:27
*/
@RestController
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableHystrix
public class RibbionController {
@Autowired
private HelloFeign helloFeign;
@RequestMapping(value = "getName")
public String getName(String name){
return helloFeign.getName(name);
}
}
啟動類：
package com.xhx.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients //啟用feign
public class EurekaFeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaFeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
下面建立閘道器：
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud10-zuul</artifactId>
<groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>zuul-service</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>application.yml，暫時什麼都不配置
server:
port: 8090
eureka:
client:
service-url:
default-zone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
spring:
application:
name: zuul-service啟動類：
package com.xhx.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
/**
* xuhaixing
* 2018/6/11 16:39
*/
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
@SpringBootApplication
public class ZuulServiceApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ZuulServiceApplication.class,args);
}
}
這幾個服務都啟動，啟動微服務服務端，改下埠號，啟動兩個例項，訪問eureka http://localhost:8761/
下面通過閘道器訪問微服務：
localhost:8090/eureka-feign/getName 訪問服務消費者的getName方法，服務名稱必須是小寫，多訪問幾次，會發現自帶負載均衡功能
訪問eureka時還需要直接帶上微服務的名稱這樣明顯不好，這一節些實現基本功能，下一節進行閘道器配置。