Matplotlib 是一個 Python 的 2D繪相簿，它以各種硬拷貝格式和跨平臺的互動式環境生成出版質量級別的圖形。

有時候，我們想把matplotlib嵌入到wxpython，這樣再利用pyinstaller打包便可形成一個脫離python編譯器獨立的畫圖工具。

下面是將matplotlib嵌入到wxpython的程式碼。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import wx
import numpy as np
import matplotlib

# matplotlib採用WXAgg為後臺,將matplotlib嵌入wxPython中
matplotlib.use("WXAgg"
 
)

from matplotlib.backends.backend_wxagg import FigureCanvasWxAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_wxagg import NavigationToolbar2WxAgg as NavigationToolbar
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator, FuncFormatter

import pylab
from matplotlib import pyplot


######################################################################################
 

class MPL_Panel_base(wx.Panel):
    ''''' #MPL_Panel_base面板,可以繼承或者建立例項'''

    def __init__(self, parent):
        wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent=parent, id=-1)

        self.Figure = matplotlib.figure.Figure(figsize=(4, 3))
        self.axes = self.Figure.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8])
        self.FigureCanvas = FigureCanvas(self, -1
 
, self.Figure)

        self.NavigationToolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.FigureCanvas)

        self.StaticText = wx.StaticText(self, -1, label='Show Help String')

        self.SubBoxSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        self.SubBoxSizer.Add(self.NavigationToolbar, proportion=0, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.SubBoxSizer.Add(self.StaticText, proportion=-1, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.TopBoxSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        self.TopBoxSizer.Add(self.SubBoxSizer, proportion=-1, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.TopBoxSizer.Add(self.FigureCanvas, proportion=-10, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.SetSizer(self.TopBoxSizer)

        ###方便呼叫
        self.pylab = pylab
        self.pl = pylab
        self.pyplot = pyplot
        self.numpy = np
        self.np = np
        self.plt = pyplot

    def UpdatePlot(self):
        '''''#修改圖形的任何屬性後都必須使用self.UpdatePlot()更新GUI介面 '''
        self.FigureCanvas.draw()

    def plot(self, *args, **kwargs):
        '''''#最常用的繪圖命令plot '''
        self.axes.plot(*args, **kwargs)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def semilogx(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''''' #對數座標繪圖命令 '''
        self.axes.semilogx(*args, **kwargs)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def semilogy(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''''' #對數座標繪圖命令 '''
        self.axes.semilogy(*args, **kwargs)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def loglog(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''''' #對數座標繪圖命令 '''
        self.axes.loglog(*args, **kwargs)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def grid(self, flag=True):
        ''''' ##顯示網格  '''
        if flag:
            self.axes.grid()
        else:
            self.axes.grid(False)

    def title_MPL(self, TitleString="wxMatPlotLib Example In wxPython"):
        ''''' # 給影象新增一個標題   '''
        self.axes.set_title(TitleString)

    def xlabel(self, XabelString="X"):
        ''''' # Add xlabel to the plotting    '''
        self.axes.set_xlabel(XabelString)

    def ylabel(self, YabelString="Y"):
        ''''' # Add ylabel to the plotting '''
        self.axes.set_ylabel(YabelString)

    def xticker(self, major_ticker=1.0, minor_ticker=0.1):
        ''''' # 設定X軸的刻度大小 '''
        self.axes.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(major_ticker))
        self.axes.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(minor_ticker))

    def yticker(self, major_ticker=1.0, minor_ticker=0.1):
        ''''' # 設定Y軸的刻度大小 '''
        self.axes.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(major_ticker))
        self.axes.yaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(minor_ticker))

    def legend(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''''' #圖例legend for the plotting  '''
        self.axes.legend(*args, **kwargs)

    def xlim(self, x_min, x_max):
        ''' # 設定x軸的顯示範圍  '''
        self.axes.set_xlim(x_min, x_max)

    def ylim(self, y_min, y_max):
        ''' # 設定y軸的顯示範圍   '''
        self.axes.set_ylim(y_min, y_max)

    def savefig(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''' #儲存圖形到檔案 '''
        self.Figure.savefig(*args, **kwargs)

    def cla(self):
        ''' # 再次畫圖前,必須呼叫該命令清空原來的圖形  '''
        self.axes.clear()
        self.Figure.set_canvas(self.FigureCanvas)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def ShowHelpString(self, HelpString="Show Help String"):
        ''''' #可以用它來顯示一些幫助資訊,如滑鼠位置等 '''
        self.StaticText.SetLabel(HelpString)

        ################################################################


class MPL_Panel(MPL_Panel_base):
    ''''' #MPL_Panel重要面板,可以繼承或者建立例項 '''

    def __init__(self, parent):
        MPL_Panel_base.__init__(self, parent=parent)

        # 測試一下
        self.FirstPlot()


        # 僅僅用於測試和初始化,意義不大

    def FirstPlot(self):
        # self.rc('lines',lw=5,c='r')
        self.cla()
        x = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
        y = np.sin(x)
        self.yticker(0.5, 0.1)
        self.xticker(1.0, 0.2)
        self.xlabel('X')
        self.ylabel('Y')
        self.title_MPL("影象")
        self.grid()
        self.plot(x, y, '--^g')


        ###############################################################################


# MPL_Frame添加了MPL_Panel的1個例項
###############################################################################
class MPL_Frame(wx.Frame):
    """MPL_Frame可以繼承,並可修改,或者直接使用"""

    def __init__(self, title="MPL_Frame Example In wxPython", size=(800, 500)):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, title=title, size=size)

        self.MPL = MPL_Panel_base(self)

        # 建立FlexGridSizer
        self.FlexGridSizer = wx.FlexGridSizer(rows=9, cols=1, vgap=5, hgap=5)
        self.FlexGridSizer.SetFlexibleDirection(wx.BOTH)

        self.RightPanel = wx.Panel(self, -1)

        # 測試按鈕1
        self.Button1 = wx.Button(self.RightPanel, -1, "重新整理", size=(100, 40), pos=(10, 10))
        self.Button1.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Button1Event)

        # 測試按鈕2
        self.Button2 = wx.Button(self.RightPanel, -1, "關於", size=(100, 40), pos=(10, 10))
        self.Button2.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Button2Event)

        # 加入Sizer中
        self.FlexGridSizer.Add(self.Button1, proportion=0, border=5, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.FlexGridSizer.Add(self.Button2, proportion=0, border=5, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.RightPanel.SetSizer(self.FlexGridSizer)

        self.BoxSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.MPL, proportion=-10, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.RightPanel, proportion=0, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.SetSizer(self.BoxSizer)

        # 狀態列
        self.StatusBar()

        # MPL_Frame介面居中顯示
        self.Centre(wx.BOTH)



        # 按鈕事件,用於測試

    def Button1Event(self, event):
        self.MPL.cla()  # 必須清理圖形,才能顯示下一幅圖
        x = np.arange(-10, 10, 0.25)
        y = np.cos(x)
        self.MPL.plot(x, y, '--*g')
        self.MPL.xticker(2.0, 0.5)
        self.MPL.yticker(0.5, 0.1)
        self.MPL.title_MPL("MPL1")
        self.MPL.ShowHelpString("You Can Show MPL Helpful String Here !")
        self.MPL.grid()
        self.MPL.UpdatePlot()  # 必須重新整理才能顯示

    def Button2Event(self, event):
        self.AboutDialog()


        # 開啟檔案,用於測試

        def DoOpenFile(self):
            wildcard = r"Data files (*.dat)|*.dat|Text files (*.txt)|*.txt|ALL Files (*.*)|*.*"
            open_dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, message='Choose a file', wildcard=wildcard, style='')
            if open_dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
                path = open_dlg.GetPath()
                try:
                    file = open(path, 'r')
                    text = file.read()
                    file.close()
                except:
                    dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self, 'Error opening file\n')
                    dlg.ShowModal()

            open_dlg.Destroy()



        # 自動建立狀態列

    def StatusBar(self):
        self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()
        self.statusbar.SetFieldsCount(3)
        self.statusbar.SetStatusWidths([-2, -2, -1])


        # About對話方塊

    def AboutDialog(self):
        dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self,
                               '\twxMatPlotLib\t\nMPL_Panel_base,MPL_Panel,MPL_Frame and MPL2_Frame \n Created by Wu Xuping\n Version 1.0.0 \n 2012-02-01',
                               'About MPL_Frame and MPL_Panel', wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
        dlg.ShowModal()
        dlg.Destroy()

        ###############################################################################


###  MPL2_Frame添加了MPL_Panel的兩個例項
###############################################################################
class MPL2_Frame(wx.Frame):
    """MPL2_Frame可以繼承,並可修改,或者直接使用"""

    def __init__(self, title="MPL2_Frame Example In wxPython", size=(850, 500)):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, title=title, size=size)

        self.BoxSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)

        self.MPL1 = MPL_Panel_base(self)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.MPL1, proportion=-1, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.MPL2 = MPL_Panel_base(self)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.MPL2, proportion=-1, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.RightPanel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.RightPanel, proportion=0, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.SetSizer(self.BoxSizer)

        # 建立FlexGridSizer
        self.FlexGridSizer = wx.FlexGridSizer(rows=9, cols=1, vgap=5, hgap=5)
        self.FlexGridSizer.SetFlexibleDirection(wx.BOTH)

        # 測試按鈕1
        self.Button1 = wx.Button(self.RightPanel, -1, "TestButton", size=(100, 40), pos=(10, 10))
        self.Button1.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Button1Event)

        # 測試按鈕2
        self.Button2 = wx.Button(self.RightPanel, -1, "AboutButton", size=(100, 40), pos=(10, 10))
        self.Button2.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Button2Event)

        # 加入Sizer中
        self.FlexGridSizer.Add(self.Button1, proportion=0, border=5, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.FlexGridSizer.Add(self.Button2, proportion=0, border=5, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.RightPanel.SetSizer(self.FlexGridSizer)

        # 狀態列
        self.StatusBar()

        # MPL2_Frame介面居中顯示
        self.Centre(wx.BOTH)



        # 按鈕事件,用於測試

    def Button1Event(self, event):
        self.MPL1.cla()  # 必須清理圖形,才能顯示下一幅圖
        x = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.2)
        y = np.cos(x)
        self.MPL1.plot(x, y, '--*g')
        self.MPL1.xticker(2.0, 1.0)
        self.MPL1.yticker(0.5, 0.1)
        self.MPL1.title_MPL("MPL1")
        self.MPL1.ShowHelpString("You Can Show MPL1 Helpful String Here !")
        self.MPL1.grid()
        self.MPL1.UpdatePlot()  # 必須重新整理才能顯示

        self.MPL2.cla()
        self.MPL2.plot(x, np.sin(x), ':^b')
        self.MPL2.xticker(1.0, 0.5)
        self.MPL2.yticker(0.2, 0.1)
        self.MPL2.title_MPL("MPL2")
        self.MPL2.grid()
        self.MPL2.UpdatePlot()

    def Button2Event(self, event):
        self.AboutDialog()



        # 自動建立狀態列

    def StatusBar(self):
        self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()
        self.statusbar.SetFieldsCount(3)
        self.statusbar.SetStatusWidths([-2, -2, -1])


        # About對話方塊

    def AboutDialog(self):
        dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self,
                               '\twxMatPlotLib\t\nMPL_Panel_base,MPL_Panel,MPL_Frame and MPL2_Frame \n Created by Wu Xuping\n Version 1.0.0 \n 2012-02-01',
                               'About MPL_Frame and MPL_Panel', wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
        dlg.ShowModal()
        dlg.Destroy()




        ########################################################################


# 主程式測試
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = MPL2_Frame()
    #frame = MPL_Frame()
    frame.Center()
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()