Redis之——叢集搭建(基於CentOS6.X單機多節點)
一、安裝redis
1、安裝gcc環境
yum install gcc-c++
2、下載原始碼包並解壓
wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.12.tar.gz
tar -zxvf redis-3.2.12.tar.gz
cd redis-3.2.12.tar.gz
3、安裝ruby2.4.1並編譯(一定要安裝大於2.2.2的ruby,要不然redis在make的時候會報錯)
wget http://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.4/ruby-2.4.1.tar.gz tar -zxvf ruby-2.4.1.tar.gz cd ruby-2.4.1 mkdir -p /usr/local/ruby ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/ruby make && make install ln -s /usr/local/ruby/bin/ruby /usr/bin/ruby
4、安裝
make
make install PREFIX=/usr/local/redis
cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis/bin/redis.conf
chmod /usr/local/redis/bin/redis.conf
5、啟動redis
./redis-server redis.conf
6、驗證
[[email protected] bin]# ./redis-cli -p 6379 127.0.0.1:6379> get (error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'get' command 127.0.0.1:6379> set name liuyazhuang OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get name "liuyazhuang"
二、搭建redis叢集(叢集模式)
1、在/usr/local/下面建立redis-cluster目錄
mkdir -p /usr/local/redis-cluster
2、複製/usr/local/redis/bin目錄到redis-cluster裡面並重命名為redis1
cd /usr/local
cp -r redis/bin redis-cluster/redis1
3、將redis1在同目錄複製3份分別起名redis2,redis3,redis4,redis5,redis6(必須6個節點以上才能建立叢集)
[[email protected] redis-cluster]# pwd
/usr/local/redis-cluster
[ [email protected] redis-cluster]# cp -r redis1 redis2
[[email protected] redis-cluster]# cp -r redis1 redis3
[[email protected] redis-cluster]# cp -r redis1 redis4
[[email protected] redis-cluster]# cp -r redis1 redis5
[[email protected] redis-cluster]# cp -r redis1 redis6
分別修改為redis-7001.conf,redis-7002.conf 後面依次到redis-7006.conf
以redis-7001為例:
daemonize yes
Port 7001
logfile "./redis-7001.log"
protected-mode no
pidfile /var/run/redis_7001.pid
cluster-enabled yes
4、將redis-trib.rb復到制redis-cluster目錄裡面
[[email protected] redis-cluster]# cp /root/redis-3.2.4/src/redis-trib.rb .
[[email protected] redis-cluster]# ll
total 76
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 19 22:37 redis1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 19 22:48 redis2
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 19 22:49 redis3
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 19 22:49 redis4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 19 22:49 redis5
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 19 22:49 redis6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 60852 Oct 19 22:52 redis-trib.rb
5、安裝gem
yum install rubygems -y
6、安裝ruby的redis包
gem install redis
上面這一步可能會出現:
ERROR: Loading command: install (LoadError)
cannot load such file -- zlib
ERROR: While executing gem ... (NoMethodError)
undefined method `invoke_with_build_args' for nil:NilClass
解決辦法是:
- 進入ruby原始碼資料夾
- 安裝ruby自身提供的zlib包
#cd ext/zlib
#ruby ./extconf.rb
#make
#make install
- 進入ruby原始碼資料夾
- 安裝ruby自身提供的openssl包
如果執行make的時候報錯:make: *** No rule to make target ,
錯誤原因:makefile裡面的檔案依賴關係有問題,導致標頭檔案找不到。
解決辦法:開啟編譯相關模組的makefile檔案,找到.o檔案的依賴關係,找到.h檔案的路徑,檢視是否出錯並改正。
原因分析:這種情況有時候是因為工程所在的目錄改變,例如原來在C盤,現在移到了D盤,而makefile裡面的.h檔案路徑沒有改變
以上問題解決後再執行:
[[email protected] include]# gem install redis
Fetching: redis-4.0.1.gem (100%)
Successfully installed redis-4.0.1
Parsing documentation for redis-4.0.1
Installing ri documentation for redis-4.0.1
Done installing documentation for redis after 1 seconds
gem installed
表示ruby的redis依賴包安裝成功。
7、分別進入redis1,redis2,redis3,redis4,redis5,redis6裡面執行
./redis-server redis-7001.conf
......
將四個節點啟動
[[email protected] redis4]# ps -ef|grep redis
root 3167 1 0 02:49 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 127.0.0.1:7001 [cluster]
root 3176 1 0 02:50 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 127.0.0.1:7002 [cluster]
root 3187 1 0 02:51 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 127.0.0.1:7003 [cluster]
root 3191 1 0 02:52 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 127.0.0.1:7004 [cluster]
root 3191 1 0 02:52 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 127.0.0.1:7005 [cluster]
root 3191 1 0 02:52 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 127.0.0.1:7006 [cluster]
root 3195 1852 0 02:52 pts/0 00:00:00 grep redis
8、用redis-trib.rb構建叢集
cd /usr/local/redis-cluster/
[[email protected] redis-cluster]# ./redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 172.16.80.177:7001 172.16.80.177:7002 172.16.80.177:7003 172.16.80.177:7004 172.16.80.177:7005 172.16.80.177:7006
>>> Creating cluster
[ERR] Sorry, can't connect to node 172.16.80.177:7001
以上錯誤原因是redis.conf裡面未開起遠端訪問
開啟每個redis裡面的.conf檔案,找到
# JUST COMMENT THE FOLLOWING LINE.
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
bind 127.0.0.1
# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that
# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.
將上面的bind 127.0.0.1改成bind 192.168.209.121(外部可以訪問的ip),然後重啟各服務
root 3383 1 0 03:12 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 192.168.209.121:7001 [cluster]
root 3458 1 0 03:20 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 192.168.209.121:7002 [cluster]
root 3464 1 0 03:20 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 192.168.209.121:7003 [cluster]
root 3470 1 0 03:20 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 192.168.209.121:7004 [cluster]
root 3506 1 0 03:25 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 192.168.209.121:7005 [cluster]
root 3518 1 0 03:25 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 192.168.209.121:7006 [cluster]
root 3523 1852 0 03:26 pts/0 00:00:00 grep redis
再用redis-trib.rb建立叢集:
[[email protected] redis-cluster]# ./redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 192.168.209.121:7001 192.168.209.121:7002 192.168.209.121:7003 192.168.209.121:7004 192.168.209.121:7005 192.168.209.121:7006
>>> Creating cluster
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Using 3 masters:
192.168.209.121:7001
192.168.209.121:7002
192.168.209.121:7003
Adding replica 192.168.209.121:7004 to 192.168.209.121:7001
Adding replica 192.168.209.121:7005 to 192.168.209.121:7002
Adding replica 192.168.209.121:7006 to 192.168.209.121:7003
M: 40bbe8a979fe39f1f0941cc8e118443436fc71d8 192.168.209.121:7001
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
M: e6b76ee1540c9be6c44abc3dec42378f8cfd0191 192.168.209.121:7002
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
M: fdc248e24bd9f8690c652213a5781f4e567208e8 192.168.209.121:7003
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
S: 38faede9dd348983b1b8b80edc975e8d34105e5c 192.168.209.121:7004
replicates 40bbe8a979fe39f1f0941cc8e118443436fc71d8
S: 38faede9dd348983b1b8b80edc975e8d34105e5c 192.168.209.121:7005
replicates e6b76ee1540c9be6c44abc3dec42378f8cfd0191
S: 38faede9dd348983b1b8b80edc975e8d34105e5c 192.168.209.121:7006
replicates fdc248e24bd9f8690c652213a5781f4e567208e8
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join...
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.209.121:7001)
M: 40bbe8a979fe39f1f0941cc8e118443436fc71d8 192.168.209.121:7001
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
additional replica(s)
M: e6b76ee1540c9be6c44abc3dec42378f8cfd0191 192.168.209.121:7002
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
additional replica(s)
S: 38faede9dd348983b1b8b80edc975e8d34105e5c 192.168.209.121:7004
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 40bbe8a979fe39f1f0941cc8e118443436fc71d8
M: fdc248e24bd9f8690c652213a5781f4e567208e8 192.168.209.121:7003
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
additional replica(s)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
至此,redis叢集建立成功
9、驗證叢集是否成功
[[email protected] redis2]# ./redis-cli -h 192.168.209.121 -c -p 7002
192.168.209.121:7002> set hello helloword
-> Redirected to slot [866] located at 192.168.209.121:7001
OK
192.168.209.121:7006> get hello
-> Redirected to slot [866] located at 192.168.209.121:7001
"helloword"
三、搭建redis叢集(哨兵模式)
1、在/usr/local/下面建立redis-sentinel目錄
mkdir -p /usr/local/redis-sentinel
2、將一大節中的/usr/local/redis/bin複製到redis-sentinel目錄底下起名叫redis1,redis2,redis3,redis4,sentinel1,sentinel2
修改4個redis的配置檔案(以redis1為例,將redis.conf重新命名為redis-7001.conf)
daemonize yes
port 7001
#Bind 127.0.0.1
logfile "./redis-7001.log"
protected-mode no
cluster-config-file nodes-7001.conf
其他三個redis的埠號為7002,7003,7004
3、將redis解壓包裡面的sentinel.conf複製到sentinel1和sentinel2裡面並重命名為sentinel-7005.conf,sentinel-7006.conf,並賦予可執行許可權
修改配置(以sentinel-7005.conf為例)
port 7005
sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.209.121 7001 2
protected-mode no
注:我們稍後要啟動四個redis例項,其中埠為7001的redis設為master,其他三個設為slave 。所以my mymaster 後跟的是master的ip和埠,最後一個’2’代表我要啟動只要有2個sentinel認為master下線,就認為該master客觀下線,啟動failover並選舉產生新的master。通常最後一個引數不能多於啟動的sentinel例項數。
4.啟動4個redis例項
./redis-server redis-7001.conf
......
[[email protected] redis4]# ps -ef|grep redis
root 29967 1 0 22:02 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 192.168.209.121:7001
root 29971 1 0 22:02 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 192.168.209.121:7002
root 29976 1 0 22:02 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 192.168.209.121:7003
root 29985 1 0 22:02 ? 00:00:00 ./redis-server 192.168.209.121:7004
然後分別登陸7002 7003 7004三個例項,動態改變主從關係,成為7005的slave:
./redis-cli -h 192.168.209.121 -p 7002
192.168.209.121:7002> SLAVEOF 192.168.209.121 7001
5、以後臺啟動模式啟動兩個sentinel(哨兵):
[[email protected] sentinel1]# ./redis-sentinel sentinel-7005.conf &
[1] 30038
[[email protected] sentinel1]# 30038:X 22 Oct 22:10:49.712 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024).
_._
_.-``__ ''-._
_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 3.2.4 (00000000/0) 64 bit
.-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._
( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in sentinel mode
|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 7005
| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 30038
`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'
`-._ _.-'
`-.__.-'
30038:X 22 Oct 22:10:49.713 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
30038:X 22 Oct 22:10:49.744 # Sentinel ID is cbd44de127d84fd7d21f9e4a73e62b94c3b0ea00
30038:X 22 Oct 22:10:49.744 # +monitor master mymaster 192.168.209.121 7001 quorum 2
30038:X 22 Oct 22:10:49.745 * +slave slave 192.168.209.121:7004 192.168.209.121 7004 @ mymaster 192.168.209.121 7001
30038:X 22 Oct 22:10:49.768 * +slave slave 192.168.209.121:7002 192.168.209.121 7002 @ mymaster 192.168.209.121 7001
30038:X 22 Oct 22:10:49.792 * +slave slave 192.168.209.121:7003 192.168.209.121 7003 @ mymaster 192.168.209.121 7001
[[email protected] redis-3.2.4]# ps -ef|grep sentinel
root 30038 29505 0 22:10 pts/0 00:00:00 ./redis-sentinel *:7005 [sentinel]
root 30059 29505 0 22:13 pts/0 00:00:00 ./redis-sentinel *:7006 [sentinel]
6、驗證
sentinel的基本命令
① INFO
sentinel的基本狀態資訊
②SENTINEL masters
列出所有被監視的主伺服器,以及這些主伺服器的當前狀態
③ SENTINEL slaves
列出給定主伺服器的所有從伺服器,以及這些從伺服器的當前狀態
④SENTINEL get-master-addr-by-name
返回給定名字的主伺服器的 IP 地址和埠號
⑤SENTINEL reset
重置所有名字和給定模式 pattern 相匹配的主伺服器。重置操作清除主伺服器目前的所有狀態, 包括正在執行中的故障轉移, 並移除目前已經發現和關聯的, 主伺服器的所有從伺服器和 Sentinel 。
⑥SENTINEL failover
當主伺服器失效時, 在不詢問其他 Sentinel 意見的情況下, 強制開始一次自動故障遷移,但是它會給其他sentinel傳送一個最新的配置,其他sentinel會根據這個配置進行更新
[[email protected] redis1]# ./redis-cli -h 192.168.209.121 -p 7001
192.168.209.121:7001>
192.168.209.121:7001> set name hzb
OK
192.168.209.121:7001> get name
"hzb"
192.168.209.121:7001> exit
[[email protected] redis1]# cd ../redis2
[[email protected] redis2]# ./redis-cli -h 192.168.209.121 -p 7002
192.168.209.121:7002> get name
"hzb"
192.168.209.121:7002> set age 32
(error) READONLY You can't write against a read only slave.
上面可以看到slave是隻讀的
登入一個sentinel,用sentinel masters命令檢視哪個是master
[[email protected] sentinel1]# ./redis-cli -h 192.168.209.121 -p 7005
192.168.209.121:7005>
192.168.209.121:7005>
192.168.209.121:7005> sentinel masters
1) 1) "name"
2) "mymaster"
3) "ip"
4) "192.168.209.121"
5) "port"
6) "7001"
7) "runid"
8) "8b5d064e4195a1ee6279f5fb06f3fa88e4605854"
9) "flags"
10) "master"
11) "link-pending-commands"
12) "0"
13) "link-refcount"
14) "1"
15) "last-ping-sent"
16) "0"
17) "last-ok-ping-reply"
18) "624"
19) "last-ping-reply"
20) "624"
21) "down-after-milliseconds"
22) "30000"
23) "info-refresh"
24) "5427"
25) "role-reported"
26) "master"
27) "role-reported-time"
28) "85727"
29) "config-epoch"
30) "0"
31) "num-slaves"
32) "3"
33) "num-other-sentinels"
34) "1"
35) "quorum"
36) "2"
37) "failover-timeout"
38) "180000"
39) "parallel-syncs"
40) "1"
目前7001是master, 我們強制kill掉 7001 的程序以後,可以看到sentinel打出的資訊:
30325:X 22 Oct 22:51:24.138 # +sdown master mymaster 192.168.209.121 7001
30325:X 22 Oct 22:51:24.557 # +new-epoch 1
30325:X 22 Oct 22:51:24.599 # +vote-for-leader 3948b4c445549c51d67bf829553372bca8bc67c8 1
30325:X 22 Oct 22:51:25.174 # +config-update-from sentinel 3948b4c445549c51d67bf829553372bca8bc67c8 192.168.209.121 7006 @ mymaster 192.168.209.121 7001
30325:X 22 Oct 22:51:25.174 # +switch-master mymaster 192.168.209.121 7001 192.168.209.121 7003
30325:X 22 Oct 22:51:25.175 * +slave slave 192.168.209.121:7004 192.168.209.121 7004 @ mymaster 192.168.209.121 7003
30325:X 22 Oct 22:51:25.175 * +slave slave 192.168.209.121:7002 192.168.209.121 7002 @ mymaster 192.168.209.121 7003
30325:X 22 Oct 22:51:25.175 * +slave slave 192.168.209.121:7001 192.168.209.121 7001 @ mymaster 192.168.209.121 7003
30325:X 22 Oct 22:51:55.202 # +sdown slave 192.168.209.121:7001 192.168.209.121 7001 @ mymaster 192.168.209.121 7003
[[email protected] sentinel1]# ./redis-cli -h 192.168.209.121 -p 7005
192.168.209.121:7005> sentinel masters
1) 1) "name"
2) "mymaster"
3) "ip"
4) "192.168.209.121"
5) "port"
6) "7003"
7) "runid"
8) "31721c8d1371697d78bf3c6acc2f8d4ba829825a"
9) "flags"
10) "master"
11) "link-pending-commands"
12) "0"
13) "link-refcount"
14) "1"
15) "last-ping-sent"
16) "0"
17) "last-ok-ping-reply"
18) "454"
19) "last-ping-reply"
20) "454"
21) "down-after-milliseconds"
22) "30000"
23) "info-refresh"
24) "7168"
25) "role-reported"
26) "master"
27) "role-reported-time"
28) "27254"
29) "config-epoch"
30) "1"
31) "num-slaves"
32) "3"
33) "num-other-sentinels"
34) "1"
35) "quorum"
36) "2"
37) "failover-timeout"
38) "180000"
39) "parallel-syncs"
40) "1"
上面顯示了,master自動從7001變成了7003節點
再次將7001啟動起來
30385:X 22 Oct 22:55:15.544 * +convert-to-slave slave 192.168.209.121:7001 192.168.209.121 7001 @ mymaster 192.168.209.121 7003
可以看到自動將7001變成了7003的slave
下面加一個批量啟動和停止的指令碼:
#!/bin/bash
start(){
./redis1/redis-server ./redis1/redis.conf &
./redis2/redis-server ./redis2/redis.conf &
./redis3/redis-server ./redis3/redis.conf &
./redis4/redis-server ./redis4/redis.conf &
./sentinel1/redis-sentinel ./sentinel1/sentinel.conf &
./sentinel2/redis-sentinel ./sentinel2/sentinel.conf &
}
stop(){
ps -ef | grep "redis" | grep -v "grep" |awk '{print $2}'| while read pid
do
C_PID=$(ps --no-heading $pid | wc -l)
echo "當前PID=$pid"
if [[ $C_PID == "1" ]]; then
kill -9 $pid
echo "PID=$pid 已經結束"
else
echo "PID=$pid 不存在"
fi
done
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
*)
printf 'Usage: %s {start|stop|restart}\n'"$prog"
exit 1
;;
esac
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實驗環境 在VMware中準備3個虛擬機器,每個虛擬機器部署2個redis,實現一個總共6個節的redis叢集。 redis服務使用單獨的redis使用者和使用者組啟動。所有檔案都在/home/redis目錄下。 OS: CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal
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export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_20/ export SCALA_HOME=/home/iespark/hadoop_program_files/scala-2.10.6/ export HADOOP_HOME=/home/iespark/hadoop_program
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Redis單機版搭建 3.1安裝redis ?版本說明 本教程使用redis3.0版本。3.0版本主要增加了redis叢集功能。 安裝的前提條件: 需要安裝 gcc:yum install gcc-c++ 1、下載redis的原始碼包。 2
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有的同學,在搭建Redis的叢集的時候,搭建出了錯誤,比如配置檔案錯了,想修改後,再建立叢集,遇到節點不為空的情況,需要刪除redis每個節點的叢集配置檔案和aof和rdb檔案,然後才可以重新建立
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目前Redis叢集搭建的方式有多種,例如使用zookeeper等,但從redis 3.0之後版本支援redis-cluster叢集,Redis-Cluster採用無中心結構,每個節點儲存資料和整個叢集狀態,每個節點都和其他所有節點連線 其結構特點: