iOS基於CoreBlutooth的藍芽開發

阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-12

首先如同網路一般，藍芽也類似的可以分服務端和客戶端，CoreBlutooth中有兩個角色，一個是Peripheral，相當於伺服器端，也就是我們開啟手機藍芽搜尋時找到的各個裝置；一個是Central，相當於客戶端，也就是我們使用的手機，這兩個角色和一般的手機使用主權引起的角色意識有點衝突。

藍芽通訊過程中有幾個部分，一個是Service，即伺服器提供的服務，一個服務端可能有一個或者多個Service，還有一個是Characteristic，即特徵值，相當於溝通過程中的欄位，服務端和客戶端可以針對指定特徵值進行資料交流。

因為沒有藍芽模組和藍芽裝置，所以我是在MAC端編寫了Peripheral端，手機上執行Central端（藍芽程式必須真機除錯

）

Peripheral端

#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>

#define TRANSFER_SERVICE_UUID @"0bd51666-e7cb-469b-8e4d-2742f1ba77cc"	//服務的UUID
#define TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID @"1bd51666-e7cb-469b-8e4d-2742f1ba77dd"	//讀取埠的特徵值UUID
#define TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC1_UUID @"2bd51666-e7cb-469b-8e4d-2742f1ba77dd"	//寫入埠的特徵值UUID

@interface ViewController ()<CBPeripheralManagerDelegate>

@property (nonatomic,strong) CBPeripheralManager *peripheral;	//peripheral管理者

@property (nonatomic,strong) CBMutableCharacteristic *transferCharacteristic;	//讀取埠特徵值

@property (nonatomic,strong) CBMutableCharacteristic *transferCharacteristic1;	//寫入埠特徵值
@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //按鈕     用於更新欄位值
    NSButton *button = [NSButton buttonWithTitle:@"dianji" target:self action:@selector(btnClick)];
    
    button.frame = NSRectFromCGRect(CGRectMake(10, 10, 100, 50));
    [self.view addSubview:button];
    
    self.peripheral = [[CBPeripheralManager alloc]initWithDelegate:self queue:nil];	//初始化，並設定代理
    
    CBMutableService *transferService = [[CBMutableService alloc]initWithType:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:TRANSFER_SERVICE_UUID] primary:YES];	//構建服務
    // 構建兩個特徵值 引數Type：特徵值UUID，properties：埠屬性，通知、讀、寫、不帶回應寫入等等，value：特徵值，如果要設定，特徵值須為readonly，permissions：讀寫許可權
    self.transferCharacteristic = [[CBMutableCharacteristic alloc]initWithType:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID] properties: CBCharacteristicPropertyRead value:nil permissions:CBAttributePermissionsReadable];
    // properties很重要，如果沒有設定讀屬性，central呼叫read方法時會被禁止
    self.transferCharacteristic1 = [[CBMutableCharacteristic alloc]initWithType:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC1_UUID] properties: CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify |  CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite | CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse value:nil permissions: CBAttributePermissionsReadEncryptionRequired | CBAttributePermissionsWriteEncryptionRequired];
    // 為服務新增特徵值
    transferService.characteristics = @[self.transferCharacteristic,self.transferCharacteristic1];
    [self.peripheral addService:transferService];	//為peripheral新增服務
    [self.peripheral startAdvertising:@{CBAdvertisementDataServiceUUIDsKey:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:TRANSFER_SERVICE_UUID]}];           //開啟廣播
}

// 必須的代理，狀態更新
- (void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral{
    NSLog(@"%ld",(long)peripheral.state);
}

// 接收到寫入請求後的代理
- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveWriteRequests:(NSArray<CBATTRequest *> *)requests{
    CBATTRequest *request = requests[0];
    NSLog(@"-----%d",[self.peripheral updateValue:request.value forCharacteristic:self.transferCharacteristic1 onSubscribedCentrals:nil]);
}
// 接收到讀取請求後的代理
- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveReadRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request{
    NSLog(@"read");
}



- (void)btnClick{
    //    [self.peripheral updateValue:[NSData dataWithBytes:"Hello world" length:11] forCharacteristic:self.transferCharacteristic onSubscribedCentrals:nil];
    
    //    self.transferCharacteristic.value = [NSData dataWithBytes:"Hello World" length:11];
    [self.peripheral updateValue:[NSData dataWithBytes:"hello World" length:11] forCharacteristic:self.transferCharacteristic1 onSubscribedCentrals:nil];	//更新指定特徵值埠的值，並不會改變characteristic.value
    [self.peripheral updateValue:[NSData dataWithBytes:"hello" length:11] forCharacteristic:self.transferCharacteristic onSubscribedCentrals:nil];
    NSLog(@"%@",[[NSString alloc]initWithData:self.transferCharacteristic1.value encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
    
}

- (void)setRepresentedObject:(id)representedObject {
    [super setRepresentedObject:representedObject];
    
    // Update the view, if already loaded.
}


@end

上面是服務端的程式碼，需要注意的是如果是自己開發藍芽模組的話，相關service的UUID以及characteristic的UUID可以和模組開發人員商定，如果是手環或者其他商用成品的話，商家應該會提供相關UUID。

Central端

//
//  ViewController.m
//  testDD
//
//  Created by 周小偉 on 2017/7/7.
//  Copyright © 2017年 周小偉. All rights reserved.
//

#import "ViewController.h"
#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>
// 三個特徵值必須和服務端一樣，不然找不到指定特徵值
#define TRANSFER_SERVICE_UUID @"0bd51666-e7cb-469b-8e4d-2742f1ba77cc"
#define TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID @"1bd51666-e7cb-469b-8e4d-2742f1ba77dd"
#define TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC1_UUID @"2bd51666-e7cb-469b-8e4d-2742f1ba77dd"

@interface ViewController ()<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate>

@property (nonatomic,strong) NSMutableArray *peripherArr;	//用於儲存已經發現的裝置

@property (nonatomic,strong) CBCentralManager *manager;		//central管理者

@property (nonatomic,strong) CBPeripheral *peripheral;		//當前連線的peripheral

@property (nonatomic,strong) CBCharacteristic *char1;		//讀取的特徵值埠

@property (nonatomic,strong) CBCharacteristic *char2;		//寫入的特徵值埠
@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.manager = [[CBCentralManager alloc]initWithDelegate:self queue:nil];	//初始化管理者
    //CBCentralManager非當前迴圈建立，如果不用強指標引用，出了應用域就會被釋放，執行會報錯
}

// central管理者代理，必須呼叫 判斷藍芽狀態，如果狀態為藍芽開啟的話，開始掃描
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central{
    if (central.state == CBManagerStatePoweredOn) {
        [self.manager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
    }
}

// 掃描的代理方法 在停止掃描之前會不斷呼叫
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{
    if (!peripheral.name) {
        return;	//過濾沒有名字的裝置
    }
    [self.manager stopScan];	//停止掃描，也可以在連線裝置後停止掃描
    
    //因為附近只有一個裝置，所以沒有對裝置進行判斷，實際上可以新增到陣列中儲存，順便新增強引用
    [central connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];//連線裝置，如果有必要可以針對裝置屬性進行判斷，然後連線，比如裝置名字，UUID等
    self.peripheral = peripheral;//只為了新增強引用，一般不這麼寫
    self.peripheral.delegate = self;//設定代理
}

//管理者代理，連線到裝置後呼叫
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{ [peripheral discoverServices:@[[CBUUID UUIDWithString:TRANSFER_SERVICE_UUID]]];//查詢服務，引數如果設定為nil為查詢所有服務
}

//peripheral代理，發現沒用的服務時呼叫
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didModifyServices:(NSArray<CBService *> *)invalidatedServices{ NSLog(@"---- %@",invalidatedServices);
}

//發現服務後呼叫
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
    NSArray *services = peripheral.services;
    //獲取裝置的所有服務，下面的處理只因為服務端我只有一個service，所以沒有進行處理，實際上一個裝置會有多個service，需要遍歷分別處置
    if (services.count) {
        CBService *service = services[0];
        CBUUID *writeUUID = [CBUUID UUIDWithString: TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC1_UUID];
        CBUUID *readUUID = [CBUUID UUIDWithString: TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID];
        [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:@[writeUUID, readUUID] forService:service];//查詢指定特徵值
    }
}

//peripheral代理，發現特徵值時呼叫
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{
    if (!error) {
        NSArray *characteristicArray = service.characteristics;//獲取service的特徵值，實際上一個service可能有多個特徵值，需要自己處理，比如針對特徵值的properties進行處理
        if(characteristicArray.count > 1){
            //因為讀寫操作是針對特徵值進行的，所以要取得兩個特徵值
            CBCharacteristic *readCharacteristic = characteristicArray[0];
            CBCharacteristic *writeCharacteristic = characteristicArray[1];
            self.char1 = readCharacteristic;
            self.char2 = writeCharacteristic;
            
            // 通知使能， `YES` enable notification only, `NO` disable notifications and indications
            //[peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:readCharacteristic];
            // [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:writeCharacteristic]; //為指定特徵值新增通知，需要特徵值的properties設定了notify屬性才能設定，一般前面會加入判斷 if(writeCharacteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify)
            // [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:readCharacteristic];//讀取資料，需要特徵值的properties設定了read屬性，判斷方法類似上一句// [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:writeCharacteristic];
        }
        NSLog(@"Hello ");
    } else {
        NSLog(@"Discover Charactertics Error : %@", error);
    }
}
// peripheral代理，設定過notify屬性的特徵值的值發生變化後會呼叫這個方法，比如我的demo裡面的寫入特徵值我設定了notify和write，然後寫入後因為值改變了就會呼叫這個代理方法，在peripheral為特徵值設定setNotifyValue:forCharacteristic:時就會呼叫這個方法
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"%@",characteristic);
        NSLog(@"%@",error.userInfo);
        return;
    }
    CBCharacteristicProperties properties = characteristic.properties;
    if (properties) {
        NSLog(@"%@",characteristic.value);
    }
}

// peripheral代理方法，寫入操作後呼叫需要寫入時設定type為withResponse才會呼叫
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
    if (!error) {
        NSLog(@"Write Success");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"WriteValue Error = %@",error.userInfo);
    }
}

// peripheral代理方法，指定特徵值的value值變化了後呼叫
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"update value error:%@",error.userInfo);
    }else{
        NSData *responseData = characteristic.value;
        NSLog(@"||||||||||%@",[[NSString alloc]initWithData:responseData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
        NSLog(@"%@",[[NSString alloc]initWithData:characteristic.value encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
    }
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
    static int i = 0;
    NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Hello %d",i];
    [self.peripheral writeValue:[NSData dataWithBytes:str.UTF8String length:strlen(str.UTF8String)]forCharacteristic:self.char2 type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];//寫入操作，引數type，必須要withResponse才會有代理回撥，如果要設定withoutResponse需要相關特徵值設定了一樣的屬性
    NSLog(@"%ld",[self.peripheral maximumWriteValueLengthForType:CBCharacteristicWriteWithoutResponse]);
    i++;
    // [self.peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:self.char1];//讀取操作
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
@end

主要的藍芽互動過程就類似於上面所示，但實際上溝通過程並沒有達到理想效果，比如寫入操作只能進行一次，我並不知道是否因為裝置的原因，如果有機會可以找到其他裝置再來嘗試。

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