資料驅動（總結）

RIDE提供的庫：

自定義庫：DataCenter.py

一、資料驅動測試
注重於測試軟體的功能性需求，也即資料驅動測試執行程式所有功能需求的輸入條件。

二、總結：根據資料來源，靈活地實現KISS。

• 資料較少

資料比較少的時候，可以使用 Create List， Get File & Import Variables。
建立 List 最快捷、最簡單，但是處理多維列表就比較麻煩。如何建立多維列表，請檢視齊道長的部落格。

從 File 獲取資料需要自己封裝關鍵字，把原始資料處理並存儲為列表。可以處理稍微複雜的資料，不過 File 儲存的資料本身格式並不直觀。

Import Variables 和 Create List 類似。相比 Create List，Import Variables 較靈活。因為 Import Variables 可以直接建立多維列表。

list1 = [[['grade1'], [5, 2, 3, 4], [6, 1, 7, 8]], [['grade2'], [1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8]]]

如果資料較少，比 Get Sheet Values From Excel 跟靈活。例如，在 Get Sheet Values From Excel 方法中的例項就需要把三維列表轉換為二維列表。三維列表是從網頁上獲取並存儲的資料。

    def Reorgnize_List(self, alsit):
        newList = []
        for element in alsit:
            if isinstance(element, list):
                for el in element:
                    newList.append(natsort.natsorted(el))
        OrderedData = natsort.natsorted(newList)
        return OrderedData

if
 
 __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = main()
    list1 = [[['grade1'], [5, 2, 3, 4], [6, 1, 7, 8]], [['grade2'], [1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8]]]
    list2 = obj.Reorgnize_List(list1)
    print list2

測試新的二維列表與 Excel 中讀取的資料保持一致。

list1 = [['grade1'], [5, 2, 3, 4], [6, 1, 7, 8]], ['grade2'], [1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8]]

• 資料較多

模板 Template，實現資料驅動簡單。

但是，缺乏靈活度。比如，Read Column From Excel 方法中實現的選卡並測試每張卡所包含的課程，資料需要在關鍵字之間互動傳遞。如果寫在一個關鍵字中，這個關鍵字將會過於複雜，不易管理維護。

RIDE 提供的 ExcelLibrary 功能較齊全。缺點較明顯，即所有資料加上了行列值，處理起來比較麻煩。

如果不願意修改原始碼也可使用，不過在使用的時候需要小心謹慎。

最後，就是根據自身需求開發自定義關鍵字實現資料驅動。大家可以靈活運用，不用過於教條。

三、data_center.py 原始碼

# -*- encoding = cp936 -*-
# Author: Allan
# Version: 2.0
# Data: 2017-3-20

import os, sys
import csv
import xdrlib
import xlrd
import json
import natsort

class data_center:

    def __init__(self):
        #Default File Path:
        self.data_dir = os.getenv('G_DATACENTER', 'F:\\Robotframework\\common\\resource')
        #print self.data_dir

        #Current Log Path:
        self.curr_dir = os.getenv('G_CURRENTLOG', 'f:\\robotframework\\logs')
        #print self.curr_dir

    def Read_Data_From_Excel(self, filename, path=None, includeEmptyCells=True):
        """
        Returns the values from the file name specified. Returned values is separated and each sublist is one column.

        Arguments:
                |  filename (string)  | The selected Excel file that the cell values will be returned from. |
                |  path               | Default dirctory is G_DATACENTER |
        Example:

        | *Keywords*           |  *Parameters*                                      |
        | ${data}    |  Read_Data_From_Excel           |  ExcelRobotTest.xls  |     %{G_DATACENTER}      |  includeEmptyCells=True |

        """
        if path == None:
            file = os.path.join(self.data_dir, filename) # Default File Path
        else:
            file = os.path.join(path, filename)
        try:
            data = xlrd.open_workbook(file)
            table = data.sheets()[0]

            nrows = table.nrows
            nclos = table.ncols

            listAll=[]
            for row in range(2,nrows):
                alist=[]
                for col in range(1,nclos):
                    val = table.cell(row,col).value
                    # Solve issue that get integer data from Excel file would be auto-changed to float type.
                    alist.append(self.keep_integer_type_from_excel(val))
                listAll.append(alist)
            #print listAll
            listAll = self.unic(listAll)
        except Exception, e:
            print str(e)

        if includeEmptyCells is True:
            return listAll
        else:
            newList = []
            for element in listAll:
                while "" in element:
                    element.remove("")
                newList.append(natsort.natsorted(element))
            OrderedData = natsort.natsorted(newList)
            return OrderedData

    def Read_Excel_File(self, filename, path=None, includeEmptyCells=True):
        """
        Returns the values from the file name specified. Returned values is separated and each sublist is one column.

        Arguments:
                |  filename (string)  | The selected Excel file that the cell values will be returned from. |
                |  path               | Default dirctory is G_DATACENTER |
        Example:

        | *Keywords*           |  *Parameters*                                      |
        | ${data}    |  Read_Excel_File           |  ExcelRobotTest.xls  |     %{G_DATACENTER}      |   includeEmptyCells=True   |

        """
        if path == None:
            file = os.path.join(self.data_dir, filename) # Default File Path
        else:
            file = os.path.join(path, filename)
        try:
            data = xlrd.open_workbook(file)
            table = data.sheets()[0]

            nrows = table.nrows
            nclos = table.ncols

            listAll=[]
            for row in range(2,nrows):
                for col in range(1,nclos):
                    val = table.cell(row,col).value
                    # Solve issue that get integer data from Excel file would be auto-changed to float type.
                    value = self.keep_integer_type_from_excel(val)
                    # print value, type(value)
                    listAll.append(value)
            #print listAll
            listAll = self.unic(listAll)
        except Exception, e:
            print str(e)

        if includeEmptyCells is True:
            return listAll
        else:
            # Delete all empty data
            while '' in listAll:
                listAll.remove('')
            return listAll

    def Read_CSV_File(self, filename, path=None):
        """
        Returns the values from the sheet name specified.

        Arguments:
                |  filename (string)  | The selected CSV file that the cell values will be returned from. |
                |  path               | Default dirctory is G_DATACENTER |
        Example:

        | *Keywords*           |  *Parameters*                                                    |
        | ${data}    |  Read_CSV_File           |  ExcelRobotTest.csv  |     %{G_DATACENTER}      |  

        """
        if path == None:
            file = os.path.join(self.data_dir, filename) # Default File Path
        else:
            file = os.path.join(path, filename)
        data = []

        with open(file, 'rb') as csvfile:
            data = [each for each in csv.DictReader(csvfile)]
            # reader =csv.reader(csvfile)
            # for col in reader:
            #   data.append(col)
            return self.unic(data)

    def is_number(self, val):
        # Check if value is number not str.
        try:
            float(val)
            return True
        except ValueError:
            pass

        try:
            import unicodedata
            unicodedata.numeric(val)
            return True
        except (TypeError, ValueError):
            pass

    def keep_integer_type_from_excel(self, value):
        # Keep integer number as integer type. When reading from excel it has been changed to float type.
        if self.is_number(value) and type(value) != unicode and value%1 == 0:
            return str(int(value))
        else:
            return value

    def unic(self, item):
        # Resolved Chinese mess code.
        try:
            item = json.dumps(item, ensure_ascii=False, encoding='cp936')
        except UnicodeDecodeError:
            try:
                item = json.dumps(item, ensure_ascii=False, encoding='cp936')
            except:
                pass
        except:
            pass

        item = json.loads(item, encoding='cp936') # Convert json data string back
        return item

    def Read_Column_From_Excel(self, filename, column, path=None, includeEmptyCells=True):
        reload(sys)
        sys.setdefaultencoding('cp936') 
        alist = []
        if path == None:
            file = os.path.join(self.data_dir, filename) #Default Data Directory
        else:
            file = os.path.join(path, filename)

        try:
            excel_data = xlrd.open_workbook(file)
            table = excel_data.sheets()[0]

            for row_index in range(2, table.nrows):
                value = table.cell(row_index, int(column)).value
                print value
                alist.append(self.keep_integer_type_from_excel(value))
            #print alist
            listAll = self.unic(alist)
        except Exception, e:
            print str(e)

        if includeEmptyCells is True:
            return listAll
        else:
            # Delete all empty data
            while '' in listAll:
                listAll.remove('')
            return listAll

    def Get_Sheet_Values_From_Excel(self, filename, sheetname, path=None, includeEmptyCells=True):
        """
        Returns the values from the sheet name specified.

        Arguments:
                |  Sheet Name (string)                 | The selected sheet that the cell values will be returned from.                                                              |
                |  Include Empty Cells (default=True)  | The empty cells will be included by default. To deactivate and only return cells with values, pass 'False' in the variable. |
        Example:

        | *Keywords*           |  *Parameters*                                      |
        | Get Sheet Values           |  ExcelRobotTest.csv  | TestSheet1     |     %{G_DATACENTER}         |   includeEmptyCells=True     |

        """
        if path == None:
            file = os.path.join(self.data_dir, filename) #Default Data Directory
        else:
            file = os.path.join(path, filename)

        try:
            excel_data = xlrd.open_workbook(file)
            sheetNames = self.get_sheet_names(excel_data)
            my_sheet_index = sheetNames.index(sheetname)
            #print my_sheet_index
            table = excel_data.sheet_by_index(my_sheet_index)

            nrows = table.nrows
            nclos = table.ncols

            listAll=[]
            for row in range(2,nrows):
                alist=[]
                for col in range(1,nclos):
                    val = table.cell(row,col).value
                    # Solve issue that get integer data from Excel file would be auto-changed to float type.
                    alist.append(self.keep_integer_type_from_excel(val))
                listAll.append(alist)
            #print listAll
            listAll = self.unic(listAll)
        except Exception, e:
            print str(e)

        if includeEmptyCells is True:
            return listAll
        else:
            newList = []
            for element in listAll:
                while "" in element:
                    element.remove("")
                newList.append(natsort.natsorted(element))
            OrderedData = natsort.natsorted(newList)
            return OrderedData

    def get_sheet_names(self, wb):
        """
        Returns the names of all the worksheets in the current workbook.

        Example:

        | *Keywords*              |  *Parameters*                                      |
        | ${sheetNames}           |  Get Sheets Names                                  |

        """
        sheetNames = wb.sheet_names()
        return sheetNames