Settings設定模組UI介紹

FrameWork開發之路首先得玩得轉系統APP,個人是在Android5.0的基礎上進行定製，Settings模組分為兩個部分：
packages\app\Settings 下的APP程式碼部分
frameworks/base/packages/SettingsProvider/ 資料庫
frameworks/base/core/java/android/provider/Settings.java
首先從APP程式碼部分入手，UI介面架構是有3部分組成實現可配置可擴充套件，先理解PreferenceFragment, PreferenceScreen

packages\apps\Settings\src\com\android\settings\deviceinfo\Memory.java就是fragment介面
###fragment核心程式碼塊

@Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
        super.onCreate(icicle);

        final Context context = getActivity();
        '''preferenceFragment佈局檔案'''
 

        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.device_info_memory);

       for (StorageVolume volume : storageVolumes) {
            if (mMemoryExts.isAddPhysicalCategory(volume)) {
                addCategory(StorageVolumePreferenceCategory.buildForPhysical(context, volume));
            }
        }
    }

    private void addCategory(StorageVolumePreferenceCategory category) {
        mCategories.add(category);
        '''add多個category模組'''
 

        getPreferenceScreen().addPreference(category);
        category.init();
    }

對應的XMl，device_info_xml檔案內容:

`<PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
              xmlns:settings="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.android.settings"
    android:title="@string/storage_settings"
    settings:keywords="@string/keywords_storage">
 </PreferenceScreen>

可以看出預設儲存器，遙控儲存器，總容量都是作為preference合併到一個category，然後add到preferenceScreen裡面，下面來看PreferenceCategory怎麼自定義，packages\apps\Settings\src\com\android\settings\deviceinfo下的StorageVolumePreferenceCategory.java

public class StorageVolumePreferenceCategory extends PreferenceCategory {
 private StorageVolumePreferenceCategory(Context context, StorageVolume volume) {
        super(context);

        mVolume = volume;
        mMeasure = StorageMeasurement.getInstance(context, volume);
        mResources = context.getResources();
        mStorageManager = StorageManager.from(context);
        mUserManager = (UserManager) context.getSystemService(Context.USER_SERVICE);

        mCategoryExts = new StorageVolumePreferenceCategoryExts(context, mVolume);
        mCategoryExts.setVolumeTitle(this);
    }

    private StorageItemPreference buildItem(int titleRes, int colorRes) {
        return new StorageItemPreference(getContext(), titleRes, colorRes);
    }

    public void init() {
        final Context context = getContext()；
        '''遙控器儲存作為自定義的Preference'''
        mUsageBarPreference = new UsageBarPreference(context);
        mUsageBarPreference.setOrder(ORDER_USAGE_BAR);
        addPreference(mUsageBarPreference);
        '''總容量作為自定義的Preference'''
        mItemTotal = buildItem(R.string.memory_size, 0);
        mItemAvailable = buildItem(R.string.memory_available, R.color.memory_avail);
        addPreference(mItemTotal);
        addPreference(mItemAvailable);
        '''各個類別檔案儲存作為自定義的Preference'''
        mItemApps = buildItem(R.string.memory_apps_usage, R.color.memory_apps_usage);
        mItemDcim = buildItem(R.string.memory_dcim_usage, R.color.memory_dcim);
        mItemMusic = buildItem(R.string.memory_music_usage, R.color.memory_music);
        mItemDownloads = buildItem(R.string.memory_downloads_usage, R.color.memory_downloads);
        mItemCache = buildItem(R.string.memory_media_cache_usage, R.color.memory_cache);
        mItemMisc = buildItem(R.string.memory_media_misc_usage, R.color.memory_misc);

        mItemCache.setKey(KEY_CACHE);

        /** M: CR ALPS01309473, Set storageItem [email protected]{*/
        mItemApps.setKey(KEY_APPS);
        mItemDcim.setKey(KEY_DCIM);
        mItemMusic.setKey(KEY_MUSIC);
        mItemDownloads.setKey(KEY_DOWNLOADS);
        mItemMisc.setKey(KEY_MISC);
        /** @} */

        final boolean showDetails = mVolume == null || mVolume.isPrimary();
        if (showDetails) {
            if (showUsers) {
                addPreference(new PreferenceHeader(context, currentUser.name));
            }
           '''Preference 新增到Category的過程'''
            addPreference(mItemApps);
            addPreference(mItemDcim);
            addPreference(mItemMusic);
            addPreference(mItemDownloads);
            addPreference(mItemCache);
            addPreference(mItemMisc);
        }
     }

}

下面看如何自定義各種UI效果的Preference，本質就是自定義View披上一層外套，從簡單的入手，音量設定的preference個人認為好理解
\packages\apps\Settings\src\com\android\audioprofile\AudioProfilePreference.java

public class AudioProfilePreference extends Preference {
 public AudioProfilePreference(Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
            int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);

        mContext = context;

        mInflater = (LayoutInflater) mContext
                .getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        // get the title from audioprofile_settings.xml
         '''Preference屬性Title的設定'''
        if (super.getTitle() != null) {
            mPreferenceTitle = super.getTitle().toString();
        }

        // get the summary from audioprofile_settings.xml
          '''Preference屬性Summary副標題的設定'''
        if (super.getSummary() != null) {
            mPreferenceSummary = super.getSummary().toString();
        }

        mProfileManager = (AudioProfileManager) context
                .getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_PROFILE_SERVICE);
      '''Preference屬性Key本質就是SharedPreference種的Key設定'''
        mKey = getKey();

        mExt = UtilsExt.getAudioProfilePlgin(context);
    }
    '''PreferenceUI效果'''
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(ViewGroup parent) {
        Xlog.d(XLOGTAG, TAG + "onCreateView " + getKey());
        View view = mExt.createView(R.layout.audio_profile_item);

        mCheckboxButton = (RadioButton) mExt
                .getPrefRadioButton(R.id.radiobutton);
        mTextView = (TextView) mExt.getPreferenceTitle(R.id.profiles_text);
        mSummary = (TextView) mExt.getPreferenceSummary(R.id.profiles_summary)；
      }

}

看一下Preference的UI xml檔案

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:minHeight="?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight"
    android:gravity="center_vertical"
    android:paddingStart="?android:attr/listPreferredItemPaddingStart"
    android:paddingEnd="?android:attr/listPreferredItemPaddingEnd"
    >

    <LinearLayout android:id="@android:id/widget_frame"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:orientation="vertical"/>  
        <RadioButton 
            android:id="@+id/radiobutton" 
            android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:focusable="false"/>
     />

哈哈，本質就是自定義View了
還有一個小的知識點:官方文件介紹PreferenceScreen跳轉Activity的時候沒有介紹到Intent怎麼給Activity傳值，所以我就貼上這個小的知識點

<PreferenceScreen android:key="toggle_storage_settings"
                      android:title="@string/storage_settings">
            <intent android:action="settings.advanced.fragment"
                    android:targetPackage="com.android.settings">
            <extra android:name="Zhongqi.Shao" android:value="com.android.settings.deviceinfo.Memory"/>
            </intent>
    </PreferenceScreen> 

到這應該理解Settings UI效果中的每一個元素關係，現在可以看Settings佈局UI效果的實現原理

packages\apps\Settings\src\com\android\settings\SettingsActivity.java
啟動的Activity是繼承SettingsActivity的Settings.java,參見SettingsActivity.onCreate()函式本質就是Framelayout切換Fragment的效

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedState) {
        super.onCreate(savedState);
        '''就是空空的FrameLayout'''
         setContentView(mIsShowingDashboard ?
                R.layout.settings_main_dashboard : R.layout.settings_main_prefs);
           '''中間程式碼省略'''       
          switchToFragment(DashboardSummary.class.getName(), null, false, false,
                        mInitialTitleResId, mInitialTitle, false);
      }

下面來看packages\apps\Settings\src\com\android\settings\dashboardDashboardSummary.java的程式碼

private void rebuildUI(Context context) {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        final Resources res = getResources();

        mDashboard.removeAllViews();
        '''又回到SettingsActivity.getDashboardCategories()'''  
        List<DashboardCategory> categories =
                ((SettingsActivity) context).getDashboardCategories(true);
 }

'''SettingsActivity中getDashboardCategories()實現'''  
public List<DashboardCategory> getDashboardCategories(boolean forceRefresh) {
        if (forceRefresh || mCategories.size() == 0) {
            buildDashboardCategories(mCategories);
        }
        return mCategories;
 }

  private void buildDashboardCategories(List<DashboardCategory> categories) {
        categories.clear();
        '''重點 通過解析xml來實現配置載入fragment'''  
        loadCategoriesFromResource(R.xml.dashboard_categories, categories);
        updateTilesList(categories);
    }

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project

     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
     You may obtain a copy of the License at

          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
     limitations under the License.
-->

<dashboard-categories
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <!-- WIRELESS and NETWORKS -->
    <dashboard-category
            android:id="@+id/wireless_section"
            android:title="@string/header_category_wireless_networks" >

        <!-- Wifi -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/wifi_settings"
                android:title="@string/wifi_settings_title"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.wifi.WifiSettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_wireless"
                />

        <!--HetComm-->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/hetcomm_settings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_hetcomm"
                android:title="@string/hetcom_setting_title">
            <intent android:action="com.android.settings.HETCOMM_SETTINGS" />
        </dashboard-tile>

        <!-- Bluetooth -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/bluetooth_settings"
                android:title="@string/bluetooth_settings_title"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.bluetooth.BluetoothSettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_bluetooth2"
                />

        <!-- Hotknot -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/hotknot_settings"
                android:title="@string/hotknot_settings_title"
                android:fragment="com.mediatek.settings.hotknot.HotKnotSettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_hotknot" 
                />

        <!-- SIM Cards -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/sim_settings"
                android:title="@string/sim_settings_title"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.sim.SimSettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_sim_sd"
                />

        <!-- Data Usage -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/data_usage_settings"
                android:title="@string/data_usage_summary_title"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.DataUsageSummary"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_data_usage"
                />

        <!-- Operator hook -->
        <!--modify by zhongqi.shao on 2016-09-12 start
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/operator_settings"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.WirelessSettings" >
            <intent android:action="com.android.settings.OPERATOR_APPLICATION_SETTING" />
        </dashboard-tile>

        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/wireless_settings"
                android:title="@string/radio_controls_title"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.WirelessSettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_more"

                />modify by zhongqi.shao on 2016-09-12 end-->

    </dashboard-category>

    <!-- DEVICE -->
    <dashboard-category
            android:id="@+id/device_section"
            android:title="@string/header_category_device" >

        <!-- Home -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/home_settings"
                android:title="@string/home_settings"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.HomeSettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_home"
                />

        <!-- Display -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/display_settings"
                android:title="@string/display_settings"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.DisplaySettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_display"
                />

        <!-- Notifications -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/notification_settings"
                android:title="@string/notification_settings"
                android:fragment="com.mediatek.audioprofile.AudioProfileSettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_notifications"
                />

        <!--modify by zhongqi.shao on 2016-09-13 start-->
        <!-- Storage -->
        <!--<dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/storage_settings"
                android:title="@string/storage_settings"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.deviceinfo.Memory"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_storage"
                />-->
        <!--modify by zhongqi.shao on 2016-09-13 end-->

        <!-- Battery -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/battery_settings"
                android:title="@string/power_usage_summary_title"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.fuelgauge.PowerUsageSummary"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_battery"
                />

        <!-- Application Settings -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/application_settings"
                android:title="@string/applications_settings"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.applications.ManageApplications"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_applications"
                />

        <!-- Manage users -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/user_settings"
                android:title="@string/user_settings_title"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.users.UserSettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_multiuser"
                />

        <!-- Manage NFC payment apps -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/nfc_payment_settings"
                android:title="@string/nfc_payment_settings_title"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.nfc.PaymentSettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_nfc_payment"
                />

        <!-- Manufacturer hook -->
        <!--modify by zhongqi.shao on 2016-09-12
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/manufacturer_settings"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.WirelessSettings">
            <intent android:action="com.android.settings.MANUFACTURER_APPLICATION_SETTING" />
        </dashboard-tile>-->

    </dashboard-category>

    <!-- PERSONAL -->
    <dashboard-category
            android:id="@+id/personal_section"
            android:title="@string/header_category_personal" >

        <!-- Location -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/location_settings"
                android:title="@string/location_settings_title"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.location.LocationSettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_location"
                />

        <!-- Security -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/security_settings"
                android:title="@string/security_settings_title"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.SecuritySettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_security"
                />

        <!-- Account -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/account_settings"
                android:title="@string/account_settings_title"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.accounts.AccountSettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_accounts"
                />

        <!-- Language -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/language_settings"
                android:title="@string/language_settings"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.inputmethod.InputMethodAndLanguageSettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_language"
                />

        <!-- Backup and reset -->
        <dashboard-tile
                android:id="@+id/privacy_settings"
                android:title="@string/privacy_settings"
                android:fragment="com.android.settings.PrivacySettings"
                android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_backup"
                />

    </dashboard-category>


</dashboard-categories>

到這基本UI可以說是過來一遍，下面會來記錄我這邊是怎麼來深度定製