1.1 移動游標

奇葩，既然有上下左右鍵，幹嘛弄個　kjhl　出來？而且效果跟上下左右鍵無差別

 Lesson 1.1:  MOVING THE CURSOR

   ** To move the cursor, press the h,j,k,l keys as indicated. **
             ^
             k              Hint:  The h key is at the left and moves left.
       < h       l >               The l key is at the right and moves right.
             j                     The j key looks like a down arrow.
             v
  1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable.

  2. Hold down the down key (j) until it repeats.
     Now you know how to move to the next lesson.

  3. Using the down key, move to Lesson 1.2.

NOTE: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <ESC> to place
      you in Normal mode.  Then retype the command you wanted.

NOTE: The cursor keys should also work.  But using hjkl you will be able to
      move around much faster, once you get used to it.  Really!
 

1.2 退出vim編輯器

:q!　退出vim，並且放棄所有的編輯修改

 

Lesson 1.2: EXITING VIM

  !! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!

  1. Press the <ESC> key (to make sure you are in Normal mode).

  2. Type:      :q! <ENTER>.
     This exits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made.

  3. Get back here by executing the command that got you into this tutor. That
     might be:  vimtutor <ENTER>

  4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps
     1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor.

NOTE:  :q! <ENTER>  discards any changes you made.  In a few lessons you
       will learn how to save the changes to a file.

  5. Move the cursor down to Lesson 1.3.

1.3 文字編輯－刪除

用　x　鍵刪除游標所指向的字元

Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION

           ** Press  x  to delete the character under the cursor. **

  1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.

  2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the
     character to be deleted.

  3. Press the  x  key to delete the unwanted character.

  4. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until the sentence is correct.

  5. Now that the line is correct, go on to Lesson 1.4.

NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by usage. 

1.4 文字編輯－插入

輸入　i　使vim變成可編輯狀態，按Esc鍵退出編輯狀態，回到正常模式(Normal mode)

Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING - INSERTION
                        ** Press  i  to insert text. **

  1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.

  2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top
     of the first character AFTER where the text is to be inserted.

  3. Press  i  and type in the necessary additions.

  4. As each error is fixed press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.
     Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence.

  5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to lesson 1.5.

1.5 文字編輯－行末插入

也是文字插入的一種，鍵入　A　使輸入的文字新增到游標所在行的最後面．

Lesson 1.5: TEXT EDITING - APPENDING

                        ** Press  A  to append text. **

  1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
     It does not matter on what character the cursor is in that line.

  2. Press  A  and type in the necessary additions.

  3. As the text has been appended press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.

  4. Move the cursor to the second line marked ---> and repeat
     steps 2 and 3 to correct this sentence.
  5. When you are comfortable appending text move to lesson 1.6.

1.6  編輯檔案－退出並儲存

用 :wq 儲存一個檔案並退出，wq可能是write & quit的含義

                     Lesson 1.6: EDITING A FILE

                    ** Use  :wq  to save a file and exit. **

  !! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!

  1. Exit this tutor as you did in lesson 1.2:  :q!
     Or, if you have access to another terminal, do the following there.

  2. At the shell prompt type this command:  vim tutor <ENTER>
     'vim' is the command to start the Vim editor, 'tutor' is the name of the
     file you wish to edit.  Use a file that may be changed.

  3. Insert and delete text as you learned in the previous lessons.

  4. Save the file with changes and exit Vim with:  :wq  <ENTER>

  5. If you have quit vimtutor in step 1 restart the vimtutor and move down to
     the following summary.

  6. After reading the above steps and understanding them: do it.

第一課小結

                               Lesson 1 SUMMARY

  1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
         h (left)       j (down)       k (up)       l (right)

  2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type:  vim FILENAME <ENTER>

  3. To exit Vim type:     <ESC>   :q!   <ENTER>  to trash all changes.
             OR type:      <ESC>   :wq   <ENTER>  to save the changes.

  4. To delete the character at the cursor type:  x

  5. To insert or append text type:
         i   type inserted text   <ESC>         insert before the cursor
         A   type appended text   <ESC>         append after the line

NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
      an unwanted and partially completed command.

 2.1 刪除命令

鍵入 d 刪除一行，但是教程中說的是dw，迷惑．

Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS

                       ** Type  dw  to delete a word. **

  1. Press  <ESC>  to make sure you are in Normal mode.

  2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.

  3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.

  4. Type   dw   to make the word disappear.

  NOTE: The letter  d  will appear on the last line of the screen as you type
        it.  Vim is waiting for you to type  w .  If you see another character
        than  d  you typed something wrong; press  <ESC>  and start over.

  5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to Lesson 2.2.
 

2.3 操作符＋動作

操作符 d 表示刪除，動作w, e, $的含義分別是游標移動到下一個單詞的首字母，尾字母，行末

                     Lesson 2.3: ON OPERATORS AND MOTIONS

  Many commands that change text are made from an operator and a motion.
  The format for a delete command with the  d  delete operator is as follows:

        d   motion

  Where:
    d      - is the delete operator.
    motion - is what the operator will operate on (listed below).

  A short list of motions:
    w - until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character.
    e - to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character.
    $ - to the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character.

  Thus typing  de  will delete from the cursor to the end of the word.

NOTE:  Pressing just the motion while in Normal mode without an operator will
       move the cursor as specified.

2.4 給動作加點引數(中劃線表示該命名不太實用)

數字＋動作，表示在該動作上加上步長

                     Lesson 2.4: USING A COUNT FOR A MOTION

   ** Typing a number before a motion repeats it that many times. **

  1. Move the cursor to the start of the line marked ---> below.

  2. Type  2w  to move the cursor two words forward.

  3. Type  3e  to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward.

  4. Type  0  (zero) to move to the start of the line.

  5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with different numbers.

---> This is just a line with words you can move around in.

  6. Move on to Lesson 2.5.

2.6  對行刪除

鍵入　dd　刪除一行，前面加數字表示連續刪除幾行

                         Lesson 2.6: OPERATING ON LINES
                   ** Type  dd   to delete a whole line. **

  Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided
  it would be easier to simply type two d's to delete a line.

  1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below.
  2. Type  dd  to delete the line.
  3. Now move to the fourth line.
  4. Type   2dd   to delete two lines.

2.7 撤銷命名(非常有用)

小寫ｕ表示撤銷最後的一個操作；大寫Ｕ表示修復整個行(u是undo的含義)；CTRL-R表示撤銷(撤銷操作)，相當於redo

                         Lesson 2.7: THE UNDO COMMAND

   ** Press  u  to undo the last commands,   U  to fix a whole line. **

  1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ---> and place it on the
     first error.
  2. Type  x  to delete the first unwanted character.
  3. Now type  u  to undo the last command executed.
  4. This time fix all the errors on the line using the  x  command.
  5. Now type a capital  U  to return the line to its original state.
  6. Now type  u  a few times to undo the  U  and preceding commands.
  7. Now type CTRL-R (keeping CTRL key pressed while hitting R) a few times
     to redo the commands (undo the undo's).
  8. These are very useful commands.  Now move on to the Lesson 2 Summary. 

第二課小結

                               Lesson 2 SUMMARY

  1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type:    dw
  2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type:    d$
  3. To delete a whole line type:    dd

  4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number:   2w
  5. The format for a change command is:
               operator   [number]   motion
     where:
       operator - is what to do, such as  d  for delete
       [number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion
       motion   - moves over the text to operate on, such as  w (word),
                  $ (to the end of line), etc.

  6. To move to the start of the line use a zero:  0

  7. To undo previous actions, type:           u  (lowercase u)
     To undo all the changes on a line, type:  U  (capital U)
     To undo the undo's, type:                 CTRL-R

 3.1 PUT命令

鍵入 p，把剛刪除的行放置到游標所在行的下面

                         Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND

       ** Type  p  to put previously deleted text after the cursor. **

  1. Move the cursor to the first ---> line below.

  2. Type  dd  to delete the line and store it in a Vim register.

  3. Move the cursor to the c) line, ABOVE where the deleted line should go.

  4. Type   p   to put the line below the cursor.

  5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order.

---> a) Roses are red,
---> b) Violets are blue,
---> c) Intelligence is learned,
---> d) Can you learn too?

3.2 替換命令

將游標移動到需要替換的字元上，按下 r (replace的含義)，然後鍵入希望的字元，即可完成替換

                       Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND

       ** Type  rx  to replace the character at the cursor with  x . **

  1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.

  2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error.

  3. Type   r   and then the character which should be there.

  4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is equal to the second one.

--->  When this line was tuped in, someone pressed some wrong keys!
--->  When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys!

  5. Now move on to Lesson 3.3.

NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by doing, not memorization.

3.3  改變操作符

ce，含義是change ubtil the end of a word.

                        Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE OPERATOR

           ** To change until the end of a word, type  ce . **

  1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.

  2. Place the cursor on the  u  in  lubw.

  3. Type  ce  and the correct word (in this case, type  ine ).

  4. Press <ESC> and move to the next character that needs to be changed.

  5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second.

---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator.
---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator.

Notice that  ce  deletes the word and places you in Insert mode.

3.4 改變文字從游標到行末

鍵入c$，會刪除從游標到行末所有的文字，然後寫入自己正確的文字即可

                       Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING c

     ** The change operator is used with the same motions as delete. **

  1. The change operator works in the same way as delete.  The format is:

         c    [number]   motion

  2. The motions are the same, such as   w (word) and  $ (end of line).

  3. Move to the first line below marked --->.

  4. Move the cursor to the first error.

  5. Type  c$  and type the rest of the line like the second and press <ESC>.

---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the  c$  command.
---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the  c$  command.

NOTE:  You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing. 

第三課小結

  1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type   p .  This puts the
     deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
     line below the cursor).

  2. To replace the character under the cursor, type   r   and then the
     character you want to have there.

  3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the
     motion takes you.  eg. Type  ce  to change from the cursor to the end of
     the word,  c$  to change to the end of a line.

  4. The format for change is:

         c   [number]   motion

4.1 游標移動命令

G移動游標到檔案的最後一行；gg移動游標到檔案的第一行；CTRL-G顯示游標位置和檔案狀態

                  Lesson 4.1: CURSOR LOCATION AND FILE STATUS

  ** Type CTRL-G to show your location in the file and the file status.
     Type  G  to move to a line in the file. **

  NOTE: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!!

  1. Hold down the Ctrl key and press  g .  We call this CTRL-G.
     A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the filename and the
     position in the file.  Remember the line number for Step 3.

NOTE:  You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the screen
       This happens when the 'ruler' option is set (see  :help 'ruler'  )

  2. Press  G  to move you to the bottom of the file.
     Type  gg  to move you to the start of the file.

  3. Type the number of the line you were on and then  G .  This will
     return you to the line you were on when you first pressed CTRL-G.

  4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3. 

4.2 搜尋命令

斜線命令＋關鍵詞

                        Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND

     ** Type  /  followed by a phrase to search for the phrase. **

  1. In Normal mode type the  /  character.  Notice that it and the cursor
     appear at the bottom of the screen as with the  :  command.

  2. Now type 'errroor' <ENTER>.  This is the word you want to search for.

  3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type  n .
     To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type  N .

  4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use  ?  instead of  / .

  5. To go back to where you came from press  CTRL-O  (Keep Ctrl down while
     pressing the letter o).  Repeat to go back further.  CTRL-I goes forward.

--->  "errroor" is not the way to spell error;  errroor is an error.
NOTE: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the
      start, unless the 'wrapscan' option has been reset.

4.3 括號匹配搜尋

將游標移動到某一括號處，輸入%，它將幫你找到匹配的括號

                   Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH

              ** Type  %  to find a matching ),], or } . **

  1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked --->.

  2. Now type the  %  character.

  3. The cursor will move to the matching parenthesis or bracket.

  4. Type  %  to move the cursor to the other matching bracket.

  4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3.
 Move the cursor to another (,),[,],{ or } and see what  %  does.

---> This ( is a test line with ('s, ['s ] and {'s } in it. ))

NOTE: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses! 

4.4  替換命令

                      Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND

        ** Type  :s/old/new/g  to substitute 'new' for 'old'. **

  1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.

  2. Type  :s/thee/the <ENTER> .  Note that this command only changes the
     first occurrence of "thee" in the line.

  3. Now type  :s/thee/the/g .  Adding the  g  flag means to substitute
     globally in the line, change all occurrences of "thee" in the line.

---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring.

  4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines,
     type   :#,#s/old/new/g    where #,# are the line numbers of the range
                               of lines where the substitution is to be done.
     Type   :%s/old/new/g      to change every occurrence in the whole file.
     Type   :%s/old/new/gc     to find every occurrence in the whole file,
                               with a prompt whether to substitute or not.

 第四章小結

                      Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND

        ** Type  :s/old/new/g  to substitute 'new' for 'old'. **

  1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.

  2. Type  :s/thee/the <ENTER> .  Note that this command only changes the
     first occurrence of "thee" in the line.

  3. Now type  :s/thee/the/g .  Adding the  g  flag means to substitute
     globally in the line, change all occurrences of "thee" in the line.

---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring.

  4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines,
     type   :#,#s/old/new/g    where #,# are the line numbers of the range
                               of lines where the substitution is to be done.
     Type   :%s/old/new/g      to change every occurrence in the whole file.
     Type   :%s/old/new/gc     to find every occurrence in the whole file,
                               with a prompt whether to substitute or not.

5.1 執行外部命令

:!+命令，試了一下，不知為何沒效果．

                Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND

   ** Type  :!  followed by an external command to execute that command. **

  1. Type the familiar command  :  to set the cursor at the bottom of the
     screen.  This allows you to enter a command-line command.

  2. Now type the  !  (exclamation point) character.  This allows you to
     execute any external shell command.

  3. As an example type   ls   following the ! and then hit <ENTER>.  This
     will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were at the
     shell prompt.  Or use  :!dir  if ls doesn't work.

NOTE:  It is possible to execute any external command this way, also with
       arguments.

NOTE:  All  :  commands must be finished by hitting <ENTER>
       From here on we will not always mention it.

5.2 更多寫檔案命令

:w + 檔名

                      Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES

     ** To save the changes made to the text, type  :w FILENAME. **

  1. Type  :!dir  or  :!ls  to get a listing of your directory.
     You already know you must hit <ENTER> after this.

  2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST.

  3. Now type:   :w TEST   (where TEST is the filename you chose.)

  4. This saves the whole file (the Vim Tutor) under the name TEST.
     To verify this, type    :!dir  or  :!ls   again to see your directory.

NOTE: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with  vim TEST , the file
      would be an exact copy of the tutor when you saved it.

  5. Now remove the file by typing (MS-DOS):    :!del TEST
                                or (Unix):      :!rm TEST

5.3 選定文字區域內容寫入檔案

                    Lesson 5.3: SELECTING TEXT TO WRITE

        ** To save part of the file, type  v  motion  :w FILENAME **

  1. Move the cursor to this line.

  2. Press  v  and move the cursor to the fifth item below.  Notice that the
     text is highlighted.

  3. Press the  :  character.  At the bottom of the screen  :'<,'> will appear.

  4. Type  w TEST  , where TEST is a filename that does not exist yet.  Verify
     that you see  :'<,'>w TEST  before you press <ENTER>.

  5. Vim will write the selected lines to the file TEST.  Use  :!dir  or  :!ls
     to see it.  Do not remove it yet!  We will use it in the next lesson.

NOTE:  Pressing  v  starts Visual selection.  You can move the cursor around
       to make the selection bigger or smaller.  Then you can use an operator
      to do something with the text.  For example,  d  deletes the text.

第五課小結

                               Lesson 5 SUMMARY

  1.  :!command  executes an external command.

      Some useful examples are:
         (MS-DOS)         (Unix)
          :!dir            :!ls            -  shows a directory listing.
          :!del FILENAME   :!rm FILENAME   -  removes file FILENAME.

  2.  :w FILENAME  writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME.

  3.  v  motion  :w FILENAME  saves the Visually selected lines in file
      FILENAME.

  4.  :r FILENAME  retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the
      cursor position.

  5.  :r !dir  reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the
      cursor position.

6.1 新開一行

小寫o在游標下面新開一行，大寫O在游標上面新開一行

                         Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND

 ** Type  o  to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. **

  1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.

  2. Type the lowercase letter  o  to open up a line BELOW the cursor and place
     you in Insert mode.

  3. Now type some text and press <ESC> to exit Insert mode.

---> After typing  o  the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode.

  4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a capital  O , rather
     than a lowercase  o.  Try this on the line below.

---> Open up a line above this by typing O while the cursor is on this line

6.2 複製貼上

                        Lesson 6.4: COPY AND PASTE TEXT

          ** Use the  y  operator to copy text and  p  to paste it **

  1. Go to the line marked with ---> below and place the cursor after "a)".

  2. Start Visual mode with  v  and move the cursor to just before "first".

  3. Type  y  to yank (copy) the highlighted text.

  4. Move the cursor to the end of the next line:  j$

  5. Type  p  to put (paste) the text.  Then type:  a second <ESC> .

  6. Use Visual mode to select " item.", yank it with  y , move to the end of
     the next line with  j$  and put the text there with  p .

--->  a) this is the first item.
      b)this is the f

  NOTE: you can also use  y  as an operator;  yw  yanks one word.

第六課小結

                               Lesson 6 SUMMARY

  1. Type  o  to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
     Type  O  to open a line ABOVE the cursor.

  2. Type  a  to insert text AFTER the cursor.
     Type  A  to insert text after the end of the line.

  3. The  e  command moves to the end of a word.

  4. The  y  operator yanks (copies) text,  p  puts (pastes) it.

  5. Typing a capital  R  enters Replace mode until  <ESC>  is pressed.

  6. Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx".  Some options are:
        'ic' 'ignorecase'       ignore upper/lower case when searching
        'is' 'incsearch'        show partial matches for a search phrase
        'hls' 'hlsearch'        highlight all matching phrases
     You can either use the long or the short option name.

  7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off:   :set noic

本教程總結

  1. Type  :help  or press <F1> or <Help>  to open a help window.

  2. Type  :help cmd  to find help on  cmd .

  3. Type  CTRL-W CTRL-W  to jump to another window

  4. Type  :q  to close the help window

  5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.

  6. When typing a  :  command, press CTRL-D to see possible completions.
     Press <TAB> to use one completion.