--簡單Case函式
CASE sex
WHEN '1' THEN '男'
WHEN '2' THEN '女'
ELSE '其他' END
--Case搜尋函式
CASE WHEN sex = '1' THEN '男'
WHEN sex = '2' THEN '女'
ELSE '其他' END

--比如說，下面這段SQL，你永遠無法得到“第二類”這個結果
 

CASE WHEN col_1 IN ( 'a', 'b') THEN '第一類'
WHEN col_1 IN ('a')       THEN '第二類'
ELSE'其他' END

SELECT  SUM(population),
CASE country
WHEN '中國'     THEN '亞洲'
WHEN '印度'     THEN '亞洲'
WHEN '日本'     THEN '亞洲'
WHEN '美國'     THEN '北美洲'
WHEN '加拿大'  THEN '北美洲'
WHEN '墨西哥'  THEN '北美洲'
ELSE '其他'
 
 END
FROM    Table_A
GROUP BY CASE country
WHEN '中國'     THEN '亞洲'
WHEN '印度'     THEN '亞洲'
WHEN '日本'     THEN '亞洲'
WHEN '美國'     THEN '北美洲'
WHEN '加拿大'  THEN '北美洲'
WHEN '墨西哥'  THEN '北美洲'
ELSE '其他' END;

SELECT
CASE WHEN salary <= 500 THEN '1'
WHEN salary > 500 AND salary <= 600  THEN '2'
WHEN salary > 600 AND salary <= 800  THEN '3'
WHEN salary > 800 AND salary <= 1000 THEN '4'
ELSE NULL END salary_class,
COUNT(*)
FROM    Table_A
GROUP BY
CASE WHEN salary <= 500 THEN '1'
WHEN salary > 500 AND salary <= 600  THEN '2'
WHEN salary > 600 AND salary <= 800  THEN '3'
WHEN salary > 800 AND salary <= 1000 THEN '4'
ELSE NULL END;

SELECT country,
SUM( CASE WHEN sex = '1' THEN
population ELSE 0 END),  --男性人口
SUM( CASE WHEN sex = '2' THEN
population ELSE 0 END)   --女性人口
FROM  Table_A
GROUP BY country;

CONSTRAINT check_salary CHECK
( CASE WHEN sex = '2'
THEN CASE WHEN salary > 1000
THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
ELSE 1 END = 1 )

CONSTRAINT check_salary CHECK
( sex = '2' AND salary > 1000 )