MySQL中的日期與時間型別，主要包括：YEAR、TIME、DATE、DATETIME、TIMESTAMP，下表中列出了這幾種型別的屬性。

一、YEAR

YEAR型別可以使用三種格式表示：

1. 以4位數字或字串表示，兩者效果相同，表示範圍1901~2155，插入超出範圍的資料會報錯。

2. 以2位字串格式表示，範圍為‘00’~‘99’。‘00’~‘69’表示2000~2069，‘70’~‘99’表示1970~1999。‘0’和‘00’都會被識別為2000，超出範圍的資料也會被識別為2000。

3. 以2位數字格式表示，範圍為1~99。1~69表示2001~2069,70~99表示1970~1999。但0值會被識別為0000，這和2位字串被識別為2000有所不同。

下面是以上三種表示格式的例子：

mysql> create table test1 (id year);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> desc test1;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | year(4) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
 

（1）以4位字串或數字格式表示

mysql> insert into test1 values (2010),('2010');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from test1;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
| 2010 |
| 2010 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test1 values (2156);
ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1
 

（2）以2位字串格式表示

mysql> truncate table test1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> insert into test1 values ('0'),('00'),('10'),('77');
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from test1;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
| 2000 |
| 2000 |
| 2010 |
| 1977 |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（3）以2位數字格式表示

mysql> truncate table test1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into test1 values (0),(00),(10),(77);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from test1;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
| 0000 |
| 0000 |
| 2010 |
| 1977 |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

二、TIME

TIME型別可以用多種格式表示，如：

‘D HH:MM:SS':D表示天數，在插入表中時會折算成小時，即：D*24+HH:MM:SS。

'HHMMSS':省略冒號，但各個時間要有意義，比如‘128012’分鐘部分會被識別為‘12：80：12’，80分鐘是沒有意義的，插入會報錯。

'HH:MM':表示小時分鐘，如‘12:08’表示12小時8分鐘。

'SS':表示秒。

需要注意的是：如果輸入‘1208’，雖然我們想讓MySQL識別為12小時8分鐘，但在這種格式下，MySQL識別為‘00:12:08’。

下面是幾個例子：

mysql> create table test2 (id time);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.32 sec)

mysql> desc test2;
+-------+------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | time | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into test2 values ('10:47:23'),('23:13'),('2 11:11'),('3 05'),('10');
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.10 sec)
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from test2;
+----------+
| id       |
+----------+
| 10:47:23 |
| 23:13:00 |
| 59:11:00 |
| 77:00:00 |
| 00:00:10 |
+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test2 values ('3 5');
ERROR 1292 (22007): Incorrect time value: '3 5' for column 'id' at row 1

mysql> truncate table test2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.24 sec)

mysql> insert into test2 values ('105821'),(105821),('0');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.10 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> insert into test2 values (108013);
ERROR 1292 (22007): Incorrect time value: '108013' for column 'id' at row 1

mysql> select * from test2;
+----------+
| id       |
+----------+
| 10:58:21 |
| 10:58:21 |
| 00:00:00 |
+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

三、DATE

DATE型別可以通過如下格式表示：

‘YYYY-MM-DD','YYYYMMDD',YYYYMMDD,'YY-MM-DD','YYMMDD',YYMMDD

其中當使用兩位表示年份時，分00~69和70~99兩種，參考YEAR型別。

下面是幾個DATE型別的例子：

mysql> create table test3 (id date);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.25 sec)

mysql> desc test3;
+-------+------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | date | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into test3 values ('1992-03-08'),('19920308'),(19920308);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from test3;
+------------+
| id         |
+------------+
| 1992-03-08 |
| 1992-03-08 |
| 1992-03-08 |
+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> truncate table test3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec)
mysql> insert into test3 values ('92-03-08'),('920308'),(920308),('10-12-20');
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.09 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from test3;
+------------+
| id         |
+------------+
| 1992-03-08 |
| 1992-03-08 |
| 1992-03-08 |
| 2010-12-20 |
+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

四、DATETIME

DATETIME型別，包含日期和時間部分。可以使用引號字串或數字兩種，年份可以是4位，也可以是2位，在此不再贅述，請參照上面的DATE和TIME型別。下面是幾個例子：

mysql> create table test4 (id datetime);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.30 sec)

mysql> desc test4;
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | datetime | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into test4 values ('1992-03-08 11:11:11'),(19920308111111),('19920308111111'),(20101231080808);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.10 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from test4;
+---------------------+
| id                  |
+---------------------+
| 1992-03-08 11:11:11 |
| 1992-03-08 11:11:11 |
| 1992-03-08 11:11:11 |
| 2010-12-31 08:08:08 |
+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> truncate table test4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)

mysql> insert into test4 values (920308111111),('92-03-08 11:11:11');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from test4;
+---------------------+
| id                  |
+---------------------+
| 1992-03-08 11:11:11 |
| 1992-03-08 11:11:11 |
+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

五、TIMESTAMP

TIMESTAMP型別和DATETIME型別的表示格式相同，儲存4個位元組（比DATETIME少），取值範圍少於DATETIME型別。TIMESTAMP和DATETIME最大不同於：TIMESTAMP根據時區顯示時間。如果不明白可以看下面的例子：

mysql> create table test5 (id timestamp);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.27 sec)

mysql> desc test5;
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type      | Null | Key | Default           | Extra                       |
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| id    | timestamp | NO   |     | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
+-------+-----------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into test5 values (NOW());
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> select * from test5;
+---------------------+
| id                  |
+---------------------+
| 2018-03-28 13:16:09 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#設定為東十區，比東八區快兩個小時。
mysql> set time_zone='+10:00';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test5;
+---------------------+
| id                  |
+---------------------+
| 2018-03-28 15:16:09 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)