lnmp環境搭建

前置條件

1. 作業系統安裝：CentOS 6.8 64位最小化安裝。

2. 配置好IP、DNS、閘道器、主機名

   cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts mv ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth1

   cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

   vim ifcfg-eth1

   把mac地址複製過來 onboot = yes

3. 配置防火牆，開啟80、3306埠

vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
關閉訪問牆
service iptables stop
/etc/init.d/iptables restart #最後重啟防火牆使配置生效
 

1. 關閉SELinux

   vi /etc/selinux/config
   SELINUX=enforcing #註釋掉

   SELINUXTYPE=targeted #註釋掉

   SELINUX=disabled #增加
   :wq! #儲存退出
   setenforce 0 #使配置立即生效

系統約定

軟體原始碼包存放位置：/root/lnmp
原始碼包編譯安裝位置：/usr/local/軟體名
資料庫資料檔案儲存路徑/data/mysql

系統軟體包版本

#已經附加在資料夾中

安裝編譯工具及庫檔案

使用CentOS yum命令一鍵安裝
yum install -y make apr*
 
 autoconf automake curl curl-devel gcc gcc-c++  cmake  gtk+-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel gd kernel keyutils patch perl kernel-headers compat* cpp glibc libgomp libstdc++-devel keyutils-libs-devel  libarchive   libsepol-devel libselinux-devel krb5-devel libXpm* freetype freetype-devel
 
 freetype* fontconfig fontconfig-devel libjpeg* libpng* php-common php-gd gettext gettext-devel ncurses* libtool* libxml2 libxml2-devel patch policycoreutils bison

軟體安裝篇

1、安裝cmake
tar -zxvf cmake-2.8.7.tar.gz
cd cmake-2.8.7
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake
make #編譯
make install #安裝
vim /etc/profile 在path路徑中增加cmake執行檔案路徑
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cmake/bin
source /etc/profile使配置立即生效

2、安裝pcre
tar -zxvf pcre-8.39.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.39
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre 
make && make install

3、安裝libmcrypt
tar -zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
./configure #配置
make #編譯
make install #安裝

4、安裝gd庫
tar -zxvf gd-2.0.36RC1.tar.gz
cd gd-2.0.36RC1
./configure --enable-m4_pattern_allow --prefix=/usr/local/gd --with-jpeg=/usr/lib --with-png=/usr/lib --with-xpm=/usr/lib --with-freetype=/usr/lib --with-fontconfig=/usr/lib 
make #編譯
make install #安裝

5、安裝Mysql
groupadd mysql #新增mysql組
useradd -g mysql mysql -s /sbin/nologin #建立使用者mysql並加入到mysql組，不允許mysql使用者直接登入系統
mkdir -p /var/mysql/data #建立MySQL資料庫存放目錄
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/mysql/data #設定MySQL資料庫目錄許可權

tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz #解壓

cd mysql-5.5.28
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/var/mysql/data \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/var/mysql/data -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306

make
make install

cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf #拷貝配置檔案（注意：如果/etc目錄下面預設有一個my.cnf，直接覆蓋即可）

vi /etc/my.cnf #編輯配置檔案,在 [mysqld] 部分增加
datadir = /var/mysql/data #新增MySQL資料庫路徑
cd /usr/local/mysql
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql -s /sbin/nologin
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql #生成mysql系統資料庫
cd /root/lnmp/mysql-5.5.28
cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #把Mysql加入系統啟動
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld #增加執行許可權
chkconfig mysqld on #加入開機啟動
init.d  就是  /etc/rc.d/init.d  軟連結
vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #編輯
basedir=/usr/local/mysql #MySQL程式安裝路徑
datadir=/var/mysql/data #MySQl資料庫存放目錄
service mysqld start #啟動,可能無法寫入pid檔案，注意將mysql使用者許可權加入至/usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

vi /etc/profile #把mysql服務加入系統環境變數：在最後新增下面這一行
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cmake/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
source /etc/profile #使配置立即生效

mkdir /var/lib/mysql #建立目錄
ln -s /tmp/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #新增軟連結
#先啟動服務 service mysqld start
mysql_secure_installation #設定Mysql密碼，根據提示按Y 回車輸入2次密碼
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password "123456" #或者直接修改密碼
到此，mysql安裝完成！

6、安裝 nginx
tar -zxvf nginx-1.11.5.tar.gz
groupadd www #新增www組
useradd -g www www -s /sbin/nologin #建立nginx執行賬戶www並加入到www組，不允許www使用者直接登入系統
openssl-1.1.0b.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.11.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --without-http_memcached_module --user=www --group=www   --with-http_stub_status_module --with-openssl=/lnmp/src/openssl-1.1.0b --with-pcre=/lnmp/src/pcre-8.39   --with-http_ssl_module
注意:--with-pcre=/lnmp/src/pcre-8.39指向的是原始碼包解壓的路徑，而不是安裝的路徑，否則會報錯

make
make install
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #啟動nginx
設定nginx開啟啟動
vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #編輯啟動檔案新增下面內容
=======================================================
#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# it is v.0.0.2 version.
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
# It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
RETVAL=0
prog="nginx"
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start() {
if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
echo "nginx already running...."
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
return $RETVAL
}
# Stop nginxc daemons functions.
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $nginxd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
#kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`
killproc $nginxd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
=======================================================
:wq! #儲存退出
chmod 775 /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #賦予檔案執行許可權
chkconfig nginx on #設定開機啟動
/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx restart #重新啟動Nginx
service nginx restart
=======================================================

7、安裝php
cd /lnmp/src
tar -jxvf php-7.0.7.tar.bz2 
cd php-7.0.7
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7/etc  --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock --with-gd --with-iconv --with-zlib --enable-xml --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear --with-gettext --enable-session --with-mcrypt --with-curl --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir   --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/

make #編譯,，若遇到make: *** [ext/fileinfo/libmagic/apprentice.lo] 錯誤 ，這加引數–-disable-fileinfo
make install #安裝

cd /root/lnmp/php-7.0.7
cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini #複製php配置檔案到安裝目錄
rm -rf /etc/php.ini #刪除系統自帶配置檔案
ln -s /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini /etc/php.ini #新增軟連結

cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf #拷貝模板檔案為php-fpm配置檔案
cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf  

vi /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf  #編輯

user = www #設定php-fpm執行賬號為www
group = www #設定php-fpm執行組為www

vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
pid = run/php-fpm.pid #取消前面的分號

加入服務並開機啟動 ，設定 php-fpm開機啟動
#cp /lnmp/src/php-7.0.7/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #拷貝php-fpm到啟動目錄
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #新增執行許可權
chkconfig php-fpm on #設定開機啟動

vi /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini #編輯配置檔案

這裡暫時不給禁用
找到：disable_functions =
修改為：disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,escapeshellcmd,dll,popen,disk_free_space,checkdnsrr,checkdnsrr,getservbyname,getservbyport,disk_total_space,posix_ctermid,posix_get_last_error,posix_getcwd, posix_getegid,posix_geteuid,posix_getgid, posix_getgrgid,posix_getgrnam,posix_getgroups,posix_getlogin,posix_getpgid,posix_getpgrp,posix_getpid, posix_getppid,posix_getpwnam,posix_getpwuid, posix_getrlimit, posix_getsid,posix_getuid,posix_isatty, posix_kill,posix_mkfifo,posix_setegid,posix_seteuid,posix_setgid,posix_setpgid,posix_setsid,posix_setuid,posix_strerror,posix_times,posix_ttyname,posix_uname

列出PHP可以禁用的函式，如果某些程式需要用到這個函式，可以刪除，取消s禁用

找到：;date.timezone =
修改為：date.timezone = PRC #設定時區
找到：expose_php = On
修改為：expose_php = OFF #禁止顯示php版本的資訊
找到：short_open_tag = Off
修改為：short_open_tag = ON #支援php短標籤

<?= ?>

八、配置nginx支援php
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 配置檔案,需做如下修改

    user www www; #首行user去掉註釋,修改Nginx執行組為www www；必須與/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf中的user,group配置相同，否則php執行出錯
    user www www;
    worker_processes 1;
    events {
    worker_connections 1024;
    }
    http {
        include mime.types;
        default_type application/octet-stream;
        sendfile on;
        keepalive_timeout 65;
        server {
            listen 80;
            server_name localhost;
                location / {
                root /data/www;
                index index.php index.html index.htm;
                }
                location ~ \.php$ {
                root /data/www;
                fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
                fastcgi_param /data/www/ $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                include fastcgi_params;
                }
        }
    }

    mkdir -p /data/www
    chown www:www /data/www/ -R #設定目錄所有者
    chmod 700 /data/www -R #設定目錄許可權

伺服器相關操作命令
service nginx restart #重啟nginx
service mysqld restart #重啟mysql
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm #啟動php-fpm
/etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm restart #重啟php-fpm
/etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm stop #停止php-fpm
/etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm start #啟動php-fpm

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