一、對於檔案的操作

對於檔案的操作，C#中就比較豐富了

FileSystemInfo
	FileInfo
	DirectoryInfo
File,Directory,DriverInfo, Path

二、對於檔案讀寫的操作

首先C#與Java不同的地方，不再區分字元流、位元組流，而統一採用Stream方式，然後針對Stream提供Reader與Writer的相關操作。

其類的個數也沒有Java多

下面看看統計的相關類：

System.IO.Stream
  System.IO.BufferedStream
  System.IO.FileStream
  System.IO.MemoryStream
  System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream
  System.Net.Sockets.UnmanagedMemoryStream
      System.IO.MemoryMappedFiles.MemoryMappedViewStream
  System.Security.Cryptography.CryptoStream
  System.IO.Compression.DeflateStream
  System.IO.Compression.GZipStream
  System.Net.Security.AuthenticatedStream
      System.Net.Security.NegotiateStream
      System.Net.Security.SslStream
  System.IO.Pipes.PipeStream
      System.IO.Pipes.AnonymousPipeServerStream
      System.IO.Pipes.AnonymousPipeClientStream
      System.IO.Pipes.NamedPipeServerStream
      System.IO.Pipes.NamedPipeClientStream
  System.Data.SqlTypes.SqlFileStream

System.IO.TextWriter
	System.IO.StringWriter
	System.IO.StreamWriter


System.IO.TextReader
	System.IO.StringReader
	System.IO.StreamReader

System.IO.BinaryWriter
System.IO.BinaryReader
 

三、檔案相關類的常用操作

1、檢視檔案驅動器以及下面的檔案目錄資訊

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.AccessControl;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                new Program().PrintFileTree();
                Console.Read();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.Write(ex.Message);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 列印所有驅動器資訊(包含裡面的目錄、檔案)
        /// </summary>
        public void PrintFileTree()
        {
            DriveInfo[] drivers = DriveInfo.GetDrives();
            foreach (DriveInfo item in drivers)
            {
                if (item.DriveType == DriveType.CDRom)//光碟機
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("光碟機:" + item.Name);
                }
                else if (item.DriveType == DriveType.Fixed)//固定磁碟
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("固定磁碟:" + item.Name + "__" + item.RootDirectory);
                    PrintFileTree(item.RootDirectory);
                }
                else if (item.DriveType == DriveType.Network)//網路驅動器
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("網路驅動器:" + item.Name);
                }
                else if (item.DriveType == DriveType.NoRootDirectory)//驅動器沒有根目錄
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("驅動器沒有根目錄:" + item.Name);
                }
                else if (item.DriveType == DriveType.Ram)//RAM磁碟
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("RAM磁碟:" + item.Name);
                }
                else if (item.DriveType == DriveType.Removable)//可移動磁碟(軟碟機或者U盤等)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("可移動磁碟(軟碟機或者U盤等):" + item.Name);
                }
                else if (item.DriveType == DriveType.Unknown)//未知型別
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("未知型別:" + item.Name);
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 遞迴列印目錄下面的資訊
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dir">上級目錄</param>
        public void PrintFileTree(DirectoryInfo dir)
        {

            //FileSystemAccessRule fsRule = new FileSystemAccessRule(System.Environment.UserName, FileSystemRights.Read, AccessControlType.Allow);

            ////新增安全訪問規則 
            //DirectorySecurity dirSecurity = dir.GetAccessControl();
            //dirSecurity.AddAccessRule(fsRule);
            //dir.SetAccessControl(dirSecurity);

            //dir.GetAccessControl().GetAuditRules(true, true, typeof(System.Security.Principal.NTAccount));

            bool flag = true;
            foreach (FileSystemAccessRule item in dir.GetAccessControl().GetAccessRules(true, true, typeof(System.Security.Principal.NTAccount)))
            {
                //拒絕讀
                if (item.FileSystemRights == FileSystemRights.Read && item.AccessControlType == AccessControlType.Deny)
                {
                    flag = false;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (flag)
            {
                FileInfo[] files = dir.GetFiles();
                foreach (FileInfo item in files)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(item.FullName);
                }

                DirectoryInfo[] dirs = dir.GetDirectories();
                foreach (DirectoryInfo item in dirs)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(item.FullName);
                    PrintFileTree(item);
                }
            }

            ////移除安全訪問規則
            //dirSecurity = dir.GetAccessControl();
            //dirSecurity.RemoveAccessRule(fsRule);
            //dir.SetAccessControl(dirSecurity);           
        }
    }
}
 

2、常用檔案操作方法

        public void Test1()
        {
            //寫檔案
            FileStream file = new FileStream("C:\\test1.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);

            String text = @"更加務實的Surface
                          負責Surface業務的副總裁Panos Panay表示，他們的目標不是重新發明輪子，而是要大力改進它。從這句話也可以看得出，
                            這一代Surface不會給人們帶來任何驚豔，取而代之的是務實的修改風，比如克服續航短板，帶來更高的移動工作能力等。";
            byte[] array = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text);
            file.Write(array, 0, array.Length);
            file.Close();

            //讀檔案
            array = new byte[1024];
            file = new FileStream("C:\\test1.txt", FileMode.Open);
            while (file.Read(array, 0, 1024) > 0)
            {
                Console.Write(System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(array));
            }
            file.Close();
            Console.WriteLine("Test1完成操作");
        }

        public void Test2()
        {
            FileStream stream = new FileStream("C:\\test2.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
            StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(stream);
            writer.AutoFlush = true;
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                writer.WriteLine("不是重新發明輪子___" + i.ToString());
            }
            writer.Flush();
            writer.Close();
            stream.Close();


            StreamReader reader = new StreamReader("C:\\test2.txt");
            String str = String.Empty;
            while ((str = reader.ReadLine()) != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(str);
            }

            reader.Close();

            Console.WriteLine("Test2完成操作");

        }

        public void Test3()
        {
            //寫檔案
            FileStream file = new FileStream("C:\\test3.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
            BufferedStream writer = new BufferedStream(file, 1024);

            String text = @"要承認的是，裝置的融合必將是未來的一種趨勢，如今眾多形態的計算裝置，
                    如膝上型電腦、超級本和平板電腦未來很有可能融合成一個裝置，這些裝置的融合先決條件就是出現一個裝置能將這些裝置的形態和功能這兩者囊括在一箇中，
                    值得高興的是，Surface就是擁有這種潛力的裝置";
            byte[] array = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text);
            writer.Write(array, 0, array.Length);
            writer.Flush();
            writer.Close();
            file.Close();

            //讀檔案
            file = new FileStream("C:\\test3.txt", FileMode.Open);
            BufferedStream reader = new BufferedStream(file, 1024);

            array = new byte[1024];
            while (reader.Read(array, 0, 1024) > 0)
            {
                Console.Write(System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(array));
            }
            reader.Close();
            file.Close();

            Console.WriteLine("Test1完成操作");

        }
 

   public void BigFileCopy()
        {
            //每次讀取的位元組數  
            int MAX_BYTE = 1024 * 1024;
            byte[] array = new byte[MAX_BYTE];


            FileStream reader = new FileStream("C:\\infile.avi", FileMode.Open);
            FileStream writer = new FileStream("C:\\outfile.avi", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);

            //迴圈讀取
            long total = reader.Length;
            for (long i = 0; i < total / MAX_BYTE; i++)
            {
                reader.Read(array, 0, MAX_BYTE);
                writer.Write(array, 0, MAX_BYTE);
                writer.Flush();
            }

            //不能整除導致剩餘資料
            int level = (int)(total % MAX_BYTE);

            reader.Read(array, 0, level);
            writer.Write(array, 0, level);
            writer.Flush();

            //關閉流
            reader.Close();
            writer.Close();
            Console.WriteLine("BigFileCopy完成操作");
        }

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