Oracle 10.2.0.3資料庫原來的字符集是ZHS16GBK，為了支援更多的漢字，需要修改為ZHS32GB18030。

我首先想到原來在9i上修改字符集的方法，過程如下：

[email protected]> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. [email protected]> startup mount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes Fixed Size 1218292 bytes Variable Size 79694092 bytes Database Buffers 79691776 bytes Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes Database mounted. [email protected]> alter system set job_queue_processes=0; System altered. [email protected]> alter system set aq_tm_processes=0; System altered. [email protected]> alter system enable restricted session; System altered. [email protected]> alter database open; Database altered. [email protected]> alter database character set ZHS32GB18030; alter database character set ZHS32GB18030 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set

暈啊，ZHS32GB18030字符集明明是ZHS16GBK的超集，查metalink才知道，原來在Oracle 10G中，修改字符集需要用csalter配合csscan完成。過程如下：

% cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
% sqlplus sys/password as sysdba
SQL> START csminst.sql

安裝csscan

[email protected][/home/oracle]> sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Dec 23 19:58:21 2009 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options [email protected]> set termout on [email protected]> set echo on [email protected]> spool /tmp/csminst.log [email protected]> @?/rdbms/admin/csminst.sql [email protected]> rem [email protected]> rem NAME [email protected]> rem csminst.sql ... 省略n行 ... [email protected]> rem ***************************************************************** [email protected]> rem CSMV$EXTABLES lists all distinct objects to be scaned [email protected]> rem ***************************************************************** [email protected]> create or replace view csmig.csmv$extables 2 (obj#, usr#, property) 3 as 4 select distinct(obj#), usr#, property 5 from csm$extables where property=0; View created. [email protected]> / View created. [email protected]> commit 2 / Commit complete. [email protected]> exit; Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

安裝後會自動退出plsql，可以檢查/tmp/csminst.log檔案，檢視安裝的詳細日誌。

測試csscan是否安裝成功

[email protected][/home/oracle]> csscan table=sys.sql_version$ fromchar=zhs16gbk tochar=zhs32gb18030 log=instchkc capture=n process=1 array=1024000 Character Set Scanner v2.1 : Release 10.2.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Dec 23 20:15:30 2009 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Username: / as sysdba (這裡輸入使用者名稱密碼) Password: Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options Enumerating table to scan... . process 1 scanning SYS.SQL_VERSION$[AAAAIDAABAAAA/xAAA] Creating Database Scan Summary Report... Creating Individual Exception Report... Scanner terminated successfully.

如果顯示Scanner terminated successfully.證明csscan安裝成功，會生成如下三個檔案。把這三個檔案刪除。

[email protected][/home/oracle]> ls -l instchkc* -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1357 Dec 23 20:16 instchkc.err -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 504 Dec 23 20:16 instchkc.out -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 5481 Dec 23 20:16 instchkc.txt

開始正式執行csscan，下一步的csalter過程依賴這一步的執行結果。

[email protected][/home/oracle]> csscan full=y tochar=zhs32gb18030 array=1024000 process=2 Character Set Scanner v2.1 : Release 10.2.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Dec 23 20:21:14 2009 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Username: / as sysdba (這裡輸入使用者名稱密碼) Password: Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options Enumerating tables to scan... . process 1 scanning SYS.SOURCE$[AAAABIAABAAAAIRAAA] . process 2 scanning SYS.TYPE$[AAAAC1AABAAAAURAAA] ...省略n行... . process 2 scanning SYS.WRH$_INST_CACHE_TRANSFER[AAAMgoAADAAABNhAAA] . process 1 scanning SYSTEM.LOGMNRC_GTLO[AAABa0AADAAAAZhAAA] . process 2 scanning SYS.WRH$_DLM_MISC[AAAMhlAADAAAA5RAAA] Creating Database Scan Summary Report... Creating Individual Exception Report... Scanner terminated successfully.

執行csalter，修改字符集

[email protected][/home/oracle]> sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Dec 23 20:34:12 2009 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options [email protected]> @?/rdbms/admin/csalter.plb 4 rows created. Function created. Function created. Procedure created. This script will update the content of the Oracle Data Dictionary. Please ensure you have a full backup before initiating this procedure. Would you like to proceed (Y/N)?y old 6: if (UPPER('&conf') <> 'Y') then new 6: if (UPPER('y') <> 'Y') then Checking data validility... begin converting system objects PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Alter the database character set... CSALTER operation completed, please restart database PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 4 rows deleted. Function dropped. Function dropped. Procedure dropped.

重啟資料庫

[email protected]> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. [email protected]> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes Fixed Size 1218292 bytes Variable Size 71305484 bytes Database Buffers 88080384 bytes Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.

檢查字符集

[email protected]> select userenv('language') from dual; USERENV('LANGUAGE') ---------------------------------------------------- AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS32GB18030

結果顯示，修改成功

--end--
================================================================================================

執行csalter修改字符集；

對於RAC環境：

1. 修改CLUSTER_DATABASE引數為flase；

Alter system set cluster_database=flase scope=spfile；

Alter system setjob_queue_processes=0scope=spfile;

alter system setaq_tm_processes=0scope=spfile;

2. 啟動資料庫到單例項模式；

startuprestrict

spool switch.log

3. 執行csalter：

---- 以sys執行：@ ?/rdbms/admin/csalter.plb

---- 檢查執行csalter的輸出資訊，是否有錯誤；

如果執行那麼修改還原原始的引數：

Alter system set cluster_database=true scope=spfile；

Alter system setjob_queue_processes=old_valuescope=both sid=’*’;

alter system setaq_tm_processes=old_valuescope=both sid=’*’;

4. 重啟資料庫；

----shutdown immediate；

----startup

----檢查字符集是否修改成功

檢查alert log或執行如下sql：

select userenv('language') from dual;

================================================================================================
安裝配置csscan工具；
用具有dba許可權的使用者執行@?/rdbms/admin/csminst.sql；
執行csscan進行掃描；
例如：
csscan system/oracle full=y FROMCHAR=WE8ISO8859P1TOCHAR=ZHS16GBK ARRAY=1024000 PROCESS=1
可以csscan help=y檢視幫助
Csscan執行結束後，預設會在當前目前下生存如下3個檔案：
[[email protected] oracle]$ ls -ltr scan*
-rw-r--r--  1oracle dba  8239 Jul  4 16:56 scan.txt
-rw-r--r--  1oracle dba 73078 Jul  4 16:56 scan.out
-rw-r--r--  1oracle dba  1878 Jul  4 16:56 scan.err
 
Scan工具會把最近一次掃描的引數寫入到同義詞csm$parameters中，下次進行資料庫字符集轉換時，直接從該同義詞讀取資訊；
檢查scan.txt：
對於convertible, truncated的物件可以通過exp/imp來完成；
對於lossy的物件，可以用plsql進行匯出然後手工轉換編碼，然後刪除物件，等執行csalter命令修改字符集完成後，再將前面的物件匯入。

匯出convetitble和truncate的物件後，需要重新執行csscan工具；

================================================================================================

1.首先執行$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/csminst.sql，建立一些資料庫物件，包括資料庫使用者
2.備份Oracle資料庫，最好全庫備份;
3.使用csscan命令檢查字符集轉換是否可行.csscan有四種掃描模式:全庫掃描,按使用者掃描,按表掃描,按列掃描.因為我們是改變全庫的字符集,所以要用全庫掃描.並且要求有DBA許可權.
4.執行csscan掃描資料庫:csscan SYSTEM/testdb FULL=y TOCHAR=ZHS16GBK ARRAY=1024000 PROCESS=1
5.掃描結束後，會在當前目錄下產生三個檔案:scan.txt,scan.out,scan.err,我們更多的需要關注scan.err
6.可能需要多執行幾次csscan命令，以確保scan.err中沒有報錯，才能進行字元轉換.
7.沒有問題之後,然後執行$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/csalter.plb指令碼，進行轉化。轉化的過程中，需要注意，資料庫不能有別的session執行，否則會報錯.另外，由於在轉換的過程中讀取的是CSMIG使用者下的CSM$PARAMETERS表中的資料，因此在轉換前必須用csscan執行一次全庫掃描.

可能會遇到的問題:
Full database scan is required ----需要全表掃描
Exceptional data found in scanner result -----檢查scan.err應該還有錯誤報告
Sorry only one session is allowed to run this script -----還有別的session在執行，斷開連線後再試試.