最近專案空閒期，來看下spring原始碼，把過程全部記錄下來， 方便想了解spring初始化過程的人,先從spring監聽器作為入口。

org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

找到初始化spring的方法 

/**
	 * Initialize the root web application context.
	 */
	@Override
	public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
		initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
	}
 

進入initWebApplicationContext 方法

			if (this.context == null) {
				this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
			}
			if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
					// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
					// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
					if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
						// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
						// determine parent for root web application context, if any.
						ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
						cwac.setParent(parent);
					}
					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
				}
			}
 

進入createWebApplicationContext方法, 從方法名上就知道這是建立上下文的方法

/**
	 * Instantiate the root WebApplicationContext for this loader, either the
	 * default context class or a custom context class if specified.
	 * <p>This implementation expects custom contexts to implement the
	 * {@link ConfigurableWebApplicationContext} interface.
	 * Can be overridden in subclasses.
	 * <p>In addition, {@link #customizeContext} gets called prior to refreshing the
	 * context, allowing subclasses to perform custom modifications to the context.
	 * @param sc current servlet context
	 * @return the root WebApplicationContext
	 * @see ConfigurableWebApplicationContext
	 */
	protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
		Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
		if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
			throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
					"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
		}
		return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
	}
 

進入determineContextClass方法, 這個方法確定上下文的實現類

protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
		String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
		if (contextClassName != null) {
			try {
				return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException(
						"Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
			}
		}
		else {
			contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
			try {
				return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException(
						"Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
			}
		}
	}

這裡先取web.xml中配置的contextClass值

例如：

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span><context-param>
		<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
		<param-value>org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext</param-value>
	</context-param>

如果為空，取預設策略屬性的class,預設為XmlWebApplicationContext, 看下預設配置的載入及配置資訊

還是在當前類:

static {
		// Load default strategy implementations from properties file.
		// This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized
		// by application developers.
		try {
			ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, ContextLoader.class);
			defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
		}
		catch (IOException ex) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'ContextLoader.properties': " + ex.getMessage());
		}
	}

從這段程式碼中知道讀取了ContextLoader.properties檔案，在當前類同級目錄，內容為

org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext

前面key是介面，後面value是實現類.

好，這裡完了，再看前面的createWebApplicationContext方法，這個方法返回了一個介面類ConfigurableWebApplicationContext, XmlWebApplicationContext實現了此介面

現在回到initWebApplicationContext方法, 看這句   if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)  ，預設上下文會進入這個判斷 

因為還沒有初始化，判斷為為空的都會進入，我們來看到這個方法 loadParentContext, 從方法上顯然這是載入父上下文的，從servlet引數中（web.xml配置）載入父上下文, 如果需要多層結構才去配置，一般情況沒有配置這裡會返回空，我還沒想到具體應用場景。先看下如何使用，看下面配置示例：

spring配置 beanRefContext.xml放在classpath目錄下 ，內容：

<bean id="businessBeanFactory"  
                class="org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext">  
                <constructor-arg>  
                        <list>  
                                <value>applicationContext-1.xml</value>  
                                <value>applicationContext-2.xml</value>   
                        </list>  
                </constructor-arg>  
        </bean>  

這個不配置預設查詢 classpath*:beanRefContext.xml

<context-param>  
        <param-name>locatorFactorySelector</param-name>  
        <param-value>classpath:beanRefContext.xml</param-value>  
</context-param>

這個指定上面配置裡的id
<context-param>  
        <param-name>parentContextKey</param-name>  
        <param-value>businessBeanFactory</param-value>  
</context-param>  

我們繼續往下看，下個呼叫方法 configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(), 呼叫上下文重新整理的方法。

protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
		if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
			// The application context id is still set to its original default value
			// -> assign a more useful id based on available information
			String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
			if (idParam != null) {
				wac.setId(idParam);
			}
			else {
				// Generate default id...
				wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
						ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
			}
		}

		wac.setServletContext(sc);
		String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
		if (configLocationParam != null) {
			wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
		}

		// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
		// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
		// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
		ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
		if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
			((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
		}

		customizeContext(sc, wac);
		wac.refresh();
	}

這個方法第一步先設定上下文id, 再讀取web.xml中配置的contextConfigLocation引數值，進一步設定環境，並載入環境初始化引數（會取web.xml中讀取，如果有配置的話）

customizeContext(sc, wac); 方法前主要是自定義初始化，只需要實現介面org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>

wac.refresh(); 這裡才是真正載入xml配置， 這裡呼叫了org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext的refresh(),

這個方法具體做什麼，等下章分解。