1.郵件的傳送
郵件傳送步驟：伺服器使用SMTP協議將電子郵件提交至TCP埠25,或由本地客戶端通過/usr/bin/sendmail程式進行提交。如果該MTA是最終目標位置,郵件將傳遞至MDA。否則,將使用MX記錄在DNS中查詢下一個MTA,並使用SMTP進行轉發。
MDA:“郵件傳送代理”。MDA將郵件傳送至收件人的本地郵件儲存位置(預設情況下是/var/spool/mail/user)。Postfix提供自己的MDA,以傳送至基於檔案的本地預設郵件儲存位置/usr/libexec/postfix/local.
轉發:電子郵件伺服器(MTA)將提交的郵件轉發至另一個伺服器,以進行傳送
排隊:失敗的傳送或轉發嘗試排隊等待,並由MTA定義重試。(預設情況下,Postfix每小時執行此操作一次)
拒絕:在首次提交期間,電子郵件被電子郵件伺服器拒絕
退回:遠端伺服器接受電子郵件以進行傳送以後,又將該電子郵件退回給始發電子郵件伺服器和/或使用者電子郵件以進行傳送以後,又將該電子郵件退回給始發電子郵件伺服器和/或使用者。
2.配置郵件的傳送和接收
<1>配置NDS
伺服器端的配置：
[

[email protected] ~]# yum install bind -y ##安裝bind
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
vim:
// listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };
// lsten-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
// allow-query { localhost; };
dnssec-validation no;
:wq
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
vim:
zone “qq.com” IN {
type master;
file “qq.com.zone”;
allow-update { none; };
};
zone “westos.com” IN {
type master;
file “westos.com.zone”;
allow-update { none; };
};
:wq
[

[email protected] ~]# cd /var/named/
[[email protected] named]# cp named.locahost westos.com.zone -p
[[email protected] named]# vim westos.com.zone
vim:
@ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com.

      NS    dns.westos.com.

dns A 172.25.254.104
westos.com. MX 1 172.25.254.204.
:wq
[

[email protected] named]# cp -p westos.com.zone qq.com.zone
[[email protected] named]# vim qq.com.zone
vim:
@ IN SOA dns.qq.com. root.qq.com.

      NS    dns.qq.com.

dns A 172.25.254.104
qq.com. MX 1 172.25.254.104.
:wq
[[email protected] named]# systemctl start named
[[email protected] named]# systemctl stop firewalld
[[email protected] named]# systemctl disable firewalld
[[email protected] named]# vim /vim /etc/resolv.conf
vim:
2 nameserver 172.25.254.104
:wq

客戶端的配置：
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf
vim:
2 nameserver 172.25.254.104
:wq

測試：
[[email protected] ~]# dig -t mx qq.com
[[email protected] ~]# dig -t mx westos.com
[[email protected] ~]# dig -t mx qq.com
[[email protected] ~]# dig -t mx westos.com

<2>傳送郵件
伺服器端的配置：
[[email protected] named]# netstat -antlpe | grep master ##檢視埠
[[email protected] named]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
vim:
76 myhostname = mail-qq.qq.com
83 mydomain = qq.com
99 myorigin = mydomain116inetinterfaces=all119inetportocols=all164mydestination=myhostname,$mydomain,localhost
:wq
[[email protected] named]# systemctl restart postfix.service

客戶端的配置：
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -antlpe | grep master ##檢視埠
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
vim:
76 myhostname = mail-westos.westos.com
83 mydomain = westos.com
99 myorigin = mydomain116inetinterfaces=all119inetportocols=all164mydestination=myhostname,$mydomain,localhost
:wq
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart postfix.service

測試：
[[email protected] named]# mail [email protected] ##傳送郵件
Subject:test
hello test
.
EOT
[[email protected] ~]# mail ##檢視郵件

<3>遠端傳送郵件
在真機或另外的虛擬機器上做：
[[email protected] Desktop]$ telnet 172.25.254.104 25
mail from:[email protected]
rcpt to:[email protected]
data
test
test
.
quit

[[email protected] ~]# mail ##檢視郵件

<4>遠端接收郵件
客戶端的配置：
[[email protected] ~]# yum install dovecot -y ##安裝dovecot
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start dovecot ##啟動dovecot
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -antlpe | grep dovecot ##檢視埠
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
vim:
49 disable_plaintext_auth = no
:wq
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
vim:
30 mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/mail/%u
:wq
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart dovecot.service
[[email protected] ~]# su - studnet
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /home/student/mail/.imp
[[email protected] ~]# touch /home/student/mail/.imp /INBOX

在真機或另外的虛擬機器上做：
[[email protected] Desktop]$ mutt -f pop://[email protected]
輸入密碼就可以進去檢視郵件

<5>thuderbird的配置
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh thunderbird-31.2.0-1.e17.x86_64.rpm
[[email protected] ~]# thunderbird
vim:
Your name: [email protected]
Email address: [email protected]
Password:
Incoming:POP3 172.25.254.204 110 None
Outgoing:SMTP 172.25.254.204
Username:Incoming:student Outgoing:student
Re-test
Done

客戶端的配置：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
vim:
48 login_trusted_networks = 0.0.0.0/0
:wq
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart dovecot.service

<6>連線資料庫
[[email protected] ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y ##安裝資料庫
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
vim:
10 skip-networking=1
:wq
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mariadb ##啟動資料庫
[[email protected] ~]# mysql_secure_installation ##初始化資料庫
[[email protected] ~]# yum install httpd php php-mysql lftp -y
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[[email protected] html]# tar jxf phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-languages.tar.bz2
[[email protected] html]# mv phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-languages/ mysqladmin
[[email protected] html]# cd mysqladmin
[[email protected] mysqladmin]# cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
[[email protected] mysqladmin]# vim config.inc.php
vim:
17 $cfg[‘blowfish_secret’] = ‘westos’;
:wq
[[email protected] mysqladmin]# systemctl restart httpd
在瀏覽器上登入資料庫並建立新的庫和表
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -plee

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER [email protected] identified by “postfix”;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT INSERT,SELECT,UPDATE ON email.* to [email protected];
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> quit

用postfix使用者登入資料庫

[[email protected] ~]# groupadd -g 666 vmail
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -g 666 vmail
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/postfix/
[[email protected] postfix]# vim mailuser.cf
vim:
hosts = localhost
user = postfix
password = postfix
dbname = email
table = emailuser
select_field = username
where_field = username
:wq
[[email protected] postfix]# vim maildomain.cf
vim:
hosts = localhost
user = postfix
password = postfix
dbname = email
table = emailuser
select_field = domain
where_field = domain
:wq
[[email protected] postfix]# vim mailbox.cf
vim:
hosts = localhost
user = postfix
password = postfix
dbname = email
table = emailuser
select_field = maildir
where_field = username
:wq
[[email protected] ~]# postconf -d | grep virtual ##檢視postconf的引數
[[email protected] ~]# postconf -e “virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail”
[[email protected] ~]# postconf -e “virtual_uid_maps = static:666”
[[email protected] ~]# postconf -e “virtual_gid_maps = static:666”
[[email protected] ~]# postconf -e “virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mailuser.cf”
[[email protected] ~]# postconf -e “virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/maildomain.cf”
[[email protected] ~]# postconf -e “virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mailbox.cf”
[[email protected] ~]# postmap -q “[email protected]” mysql:/etc/postfix/mailuser.cf ##測試