OUI的安裝方式便捷、直觀，但是有時候出於一些原因（PS：網路等原因），無法在伺服器上使用OUI的方式，此時就只有用命令列來進行安裝了。

1、配置核心引數（root使用者）

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmmax = 784676864
kernel.shmall = 153257
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
 

修改後使用sysctl -p使配置生效

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle     soft       nproc     2047
oracle     hard     nproc     16384
oracle     soft     nofile      1024
oracle     hard     nofile     65536
oracle     soft      stack     10240

3、建立使用者組和使用者組（root使用者）

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle
 

passwd oracle

4、建立目錄以及授權（root使用者）

mkdir -p /home/u01

ln -s /home/u01 /u01

建立對應目錄結構

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
chmod -R 775 /u01/

su -oracle切換到oracle使用者
編輯.bash_profile配置環境變數

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/X11R6/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export PATH=/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
 

6、 配置響應檔案

在解壓後的oracle安裝資料夾：database/response目錄下有一個響應檔案的配置模板，根據需要自行配置即可

下面是我的install.rsp配置檔案，供參考：

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value. 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.1.0

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
#   - INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#   - INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
#   - UPGRADE_DB
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used
# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the
# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames 
# and network interfaces)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=orc1

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.  
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=dba

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
# This is an optional parameter if installing on
# Windows based Operating System.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.             
# 
# en   : English                  ja   : Japanese                  
# fr   : French                   ko   : Korean                    
# ar   : Arabic                   es   : Latin American Spanish    
# bn   : Bengali                  lv   : Latvian                   
# pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese     lt   : Lithuanian                
# bg   : Bulgarian                ms   : Malay                     
# fr_CA: Canadian French          es_MX: Mexican Spanish           
# ca   : Catalan                  no   : Norwegian                 
# hr   : Croatian                 pl   : Polish                    
# cs   : Czech                    pt   : Portuguese                
# da   : Danish                   ro   : Romanian                  
# nl   : Dutch                    ru   : Russian                   
# ar_EG: Egyptian                 zh_CN: Simplified Chinese        
# en_GB: English (Great Britain)  sk   : Slovak                    
# et   : Estonian                 sl   : Slovenian                 
# fi   : Finnish                  es_ES: Spanish                   
# de   : German                   sv   : Swedish                   
# el   : Greek                    th   : Thai                      
# iw   : Hebrew                   zh_TW: Traditional Chinese       
# hu   : Hungarian                tr   : Turkish                   
# is   : Icelandic                uk   : Ukrainian                 
# in   : Indonesian               vi   : Vietnamese                
# it   : Italian                                                   
#
# all_langs   : All languages
#
# Specify value as the following to select any of the languages.
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja
#
# Specify value as the following to select all the languages.
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs  
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home. 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.                     
#                                                             
# The value should contain only one of these choices.  
#   - EE     : Enterprise Edition 

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS                                          #
# ------------------------------------------                                  #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges       #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the   #
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below.       #
#                                                                             #
# The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based #
# Operating System.                                                           #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.
# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The BACKUPDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSBACKUPDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DGDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDGDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The KMDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSKMDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.
# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure
# Security Updates, false otherwise.
#
# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
# to be false.
#
# Example    : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

[最後PS：（1）依賴包的檢測本應該在一開始就檢查的，但是我有一個壞毛病每次都是安裝後看它提示缺什麼包之後再去安裝。

                  （2）各系統需要的package的傳送門：http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LTCQI/toc.htm#CHDJIDDD

                  （3）安裝失敗時候主要看看日誌中先決條件測試那部分的日誌，是否所有先決條件測試都success了]