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Vue基礎之數據綁定

下回 感受 reat 數據綁定 input 框架 fin 之前 imageview

我們學習一門新語言或者框架時,第一件事是什麽呢,那必然是向世界say Hello。

創建一個Vue應用

話不多說,先上代碼,讓我們感受一下Vue的核心功能

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">
        <input type="text" v-model="message">
        <h1>{{message}}</h1> // {{message}}模板的輸出方式
    </div>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = new Vue({
            el: ‘#app‘, // app是Vue實例的掛在對象
            data: {
                message: "Hello world" // 字面量
            }
        })
    </script>
</body>
</html>

當修改輸入框內容時,h1標簽內容也做相應改變,雖然代碼很簡單,還是能體會到雙向綁定的精髓。

雙向綁定(面試考點)

  1. 通過構造函數創建一個Vue實例 new Vue(),此時app就相當於 new Vue;
  2. 傳入el,el是Vue對象中必不可少的,需要把el掛載到頁面已存在的DOM(可以是DOM元素,或者是CSS選擇器)上;

     var app = new Vue({
         el: ‘#app‘, // 或者document.getElementById(‘app‘)
     })
  3. 在input標簽上有一個v-model指令,它的值和Vue實例中data裏的message對應,input可以修改message的值,同時當message改變時也可以體現在視圖上;

    生命周期(開發時必了解)

    每個Vue實例在被創建之前都要經過一系列的初始化過程,這個過程就Vue的生命周期。下面是Vue的幾個鉤子函數:
beforeCreate: function () {
    console.group(‘beforeCreate 創建前狀態===============》‘);
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red" , "el     : " + this.$el); //undefined
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","data   : " + this.$data); //undefined 
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","message: " + this.message)  
},
created: function () {
    console.group(‘created 創建完畢狀態===============》‘);
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","el     : " + this.$el); //undefined
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","data   : " + this.$data); //已被初始化 
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","message: " + this.message); //已被初始化
},
beforeMount: function () {
    console.group(‘beforeMount 掛載前狀態===============》‘);
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","el     : " + (this.$el)); //已被初始化
    console.log(this.$el);
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","data   : " + this.$data); //已被初始化  
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","message: " + this.message); //已被初始化  
},
mounted: function () {
    Vue.this = app // 在瀏覽器裏調試
    console.group(‘mounted 掛載結束狀態===============》‘);
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","el     : " + this.$el); //已被初始化
    console.log(this.$el);    
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","data   : " + this.$data); //已被初始化
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","message: " + this.message); //已被初始化 
},
beforeUpdate: function () {
    console.group(‘beforeUpdate 更新前狀態===============》‘);
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","el     : " + this.$el);
    console.log(this.$el);   
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","data   : " + this.$data); 
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","message: " + this.message); 
},
updated: function () {
    console.group(‘updated 更新完成狀態===============》‘);
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","el     : " + this.$el);
    console.log(this.$el); 
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","data   : " + this.$data); 
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","message: " + this.message); 
},
beforeDestroy: function () {
    console.group(‘beforeDestroy 銷毀前狀態===============》‘);
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","el     : " + this.$el);
    console.log(this.$el);    
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","data   : " + this.$data); 
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","message: " + this.message); 
},
destroyed: function () {
    console.group(‘destroyed 銷毀完成狀態===============》‘);
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","el     : " + this.$el);
    console.log(this.$el);  
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","data   : " + this.$data); 
    console.log("%c%s", "color:red","message: " + this.message)
}

下圖是Vue生命周期過程中el、data以及data裏面的message字段的變化
技術分享圖片

技術分享圖片

以上是本期全部內容,欲知後事如何,請聽下回分解<( ̄︶ ̄)↗[GO!]

Vue基礎之數據綁定