Spring MVC 知識點集合
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-22
【轉自】http://www.admin10000.com/document/6436.html
一、SpringMVC基礎入門，建立一個HelloWorld程式
1.首先，匯入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.新增Web.xml配置檔案中關於SpringMVC的配置
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<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --></servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
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3.在src下新增springmvc-servlet.xml配置檔案
4.在WEB-INF資料夾下建立名為jsp的資料夾，用來存放jsp檢視。建立一個hello.jsp，在body中新增“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller，如下所示
6.編寫Controller程式碼
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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public
class mvcController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public
String hello(){
return
"hello";
}
}
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7.啟動伺服器，鍵入 http://localhost:8080/專案名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml檔案中的。攔截匹配的請求，Servlet攔截匹配規則要自已定義，把攔截下來的請求，依據相應的規則分發到目標Controller來處理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
檢視名稱解析器
3.以上出現的註解
@Controller 負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 註解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
三、SpringMVC常用註解
@Controller
負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
註解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
@RequestBody
該註解用於讀取Request請求的body部分資料，使用系統預設配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析，然後把相應的資料繫結到要返回的物件上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的物件資料繫結到 controller中方法的引數上
@ResponseBody
該註解用於將Controller的方法返回的物件，通過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換為指定格式後，寫入到Response物件的body資料區
@ModelAttribute
在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 註解：Spring MVC 在呼叫目標處理方法前，會先逐個呼叫在方法級上標註了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入參前使用 @ModelAttribute 註解：可以從隱含物件中獲取隱含的模型資料中獲取物件，再將請求引數 –繫結到物件中，再傳入入參將方法入參物件新增到模型中
@RequestParam
在處理方法入參處使用 @RequestParam 可以把請求參 數傳遞給請求方法
@PathVariable
繫結 URL 佔位符到入參
@ExceptionHandler
註解到方法上，出現異常時會執行該方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一個Contoller成為全域性的異常處理類，類中用@ExceptionHandler方法註解的方法可以處理所有Controller發生的異常
四、自動匹配引數
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//match automatically
@RequestMapping("/person")
public
String toPerson(String name,double
age){
System.out.println(name+" "+age);
return
"hello";
}
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五、自動裝箱
1.編寫一個Person實體類
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package
test.SpringMVC.model;
public
class Person {
public
String getName() {
return
name;
}
public
void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public
int getAge() {
return
age;
}
public
void setAge(int
age) {
this.age = age;
}
private
String name;
private
int age;
}
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2.在Controller裡編寫方法
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//boxing automatically
@RequestMapping("/person1")
public
String toPerson(Person p){
System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
return
"hello";
}
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六、使用InitBinder來處理Date型別的引數
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//the parameter was converted in initBinder
@RequestMapping("/date")
public
String date(Date date){
System.out.println(date);
return
"hello";
}
//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
@InitBinder
public
void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class,
new CustomDateEditor(new
SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
true));
}
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七、向前臺傳遞引數
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//pass the parameters to front-end
@RequestMapping("/show")
public
String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
Person p =new
Person();
map.put("p", p);
p.setAge(20);
p.setName("jayjay");
return
"show";
}
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前臺可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax呼叫
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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
@RequestMapping("/getPerson")
public
void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
pw.write("hello,"+name);
}
@RequestMapping("/name")
public
String sayHello(){
return
"name";
}
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前臺用下面的Jquery程式碼呼叫
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$(function(){
$("#btn").click(function(){
$.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
alert(data);
});
});
});
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九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請求
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//redirect
@RequestMapping("/redirect")
public
String redirect(){
return
"redirect:hello";
}
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十、檔案上傳
1.需要匯入兩個jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置檔案中加入
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<!-- upload settings -->
<bean
id="multipartResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property
name="maxUploadSize"
value="102400000"></property>
</bean>
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3.方法程式碼
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@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public
String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws
Exception{
MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
SimpleDateFormat sdf =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
FileOutputStream fos =
new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
"upload/"+sdf.format(new
Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
fos.write(file.getBytes());
fos.flush();
fos.close();
return
"hello";
}
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4.前臺form表單
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<form
action="mvc/upload"
method="post"
enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input
type="file"
name="file"><br>
<input
type="submit"
value="submit">
</form>
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十一、使用@RequestParam註解指定引數的name
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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public
class mvcController1 {
@RequestMapping(value="/param")
public
String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
@RequestParam(value="name")String name){
System.out.println(id+" "+name);
return
"/hello";
}
}
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十二、RESTFul風格的SringMVC
1.RestController
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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/rest")
public
class RestController {
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public
String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("get"+id);
return
"/hello";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public
String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("post"+id);
return
"/hello";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public
String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("put"+id);
return
"/hello";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public
String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("delete"+id);
return
"/hello";
}
}
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2.form表單傳送put和delete請求
在web.xml中配置
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<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
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在前臺可以用以下程式碼產生請求
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<form
action="rest/user/1"
method="post">
<input
type="hidden"
name="_method"
value="PUT">
<input
type="submit"
value="put">
</form>
<form
action="rest/user/1"
method="post">
<input
type="submit"
value="post">
</form>
<form
action="rest/user/1"
method="get">
<input
type="submit"
value="get">
</form>
<form
action="rest/user/1"
method="post">
<input
type="hidden"
name="_method"
value="DELETE">
<input
type="submit"
value="delete">
</form>
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十三、返回json格式的字串
1.匯入以下jar包
2.方法程式碼
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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/json")
public
class jsonController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/user")
public
User get(){
User u =
new User();
u.setId(1);
u.setName("jayjay");
u.setBirth(new
Date());
return
u;
}
}
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十四、異常的處理
1.處理區域性異常（Controller內）
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@ExceptionHandler
public
ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv =
new ModelAndView("error");
mv.addObject("exception", ex);
System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
return
mv;
}
@RequestMapping("/error")
public
String error(){
int
i = 5/0;
return
"hello";
}
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2.處理全域性異常（所有Controller）
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@ControllerAdvice
public
class testControllerAdvice {
@ExceptionHandler
public
ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv =
new ModelAndView("error");
mv.addObject("exception", ex);
System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
return
mv;
}
}
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3.另一種處理全域性異常的方法
在SpringMVC配置檔案中配置
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<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property
name="exceptionMappings">
<props>
<prop
key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
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error是出錯頁面
十五、設定一個自定義攔截器
1.建立一個MyInterceptor類，並實現HandlerInterceptor介面
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public
class MyInterceptor implements
HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public
void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
throws
Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion");
}
@Override
public
void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandle");
}
@Override
public
boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHandle");
return
true;
}
}
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2.在SpringMVC的配置檔案中配置
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<!-- interceptor setting -->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping
path="/mvc/**"/>
<bean
class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
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