關於GUID和UUID簡解
GUID(Globals Unique Identifiers 全域性統一識別符號)是指在一臺機器上生成的數字,它保證對在同一時空中的所有機器都是唯一的。通常平臺會提供生成GUID的API。生成演算法很有意思,用到了乙太網卡地址、納秒級時間、晶片ID碼和許多可能的數字。GUID的唯一缺陷在於生成的結果串會比較大。
一個GUID為一個128位的整數(16位元組),在使用唯一識別符號的情況下,你可以在所有計算機和網路之間使用這一整數。GUID 的格式為“xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx”,其中每個 x 是 0-9 或 a-f 範圍內的一個十六進位制的字。例如:337c7f2b-7a34-4f50-9141-bab9e6478cc8 即為有效的 GUID 值。
世界上的任何兩臺計算機都不會生成重複的 GUID 值。GUID 主要用於在擁有多個節點、多臺計算機的網路或系統中,分配必須具有唯一性的識別符號。在 Windows 平臺上,GUID 應用非常廣泛:登錄檔、類及介面標識、資料庫、甚至自動生成的機器名、目錄名等。一個GUID可以在後臺數據庫中操作一個主鍵。
UUID是指在一臺機器上生成的數字,它保證對在同一時空中的所有機器都是唯一的。通常平臺會提供生成UUID的API。UUID按照開放軟體基金會(OSF)制定的標準計算,用到了乙太網卡地址、納秒級時間、晶片ID碼和許多可能的數字。由以下幾部分的組合:當前日期和時間(UUID的第一個部分與時間有關,如果你在生成一個UUID之後,過幾秒又生成一個UUID,則第一個部分不同,其餘相同),時鐘序列,全域性唯一的IEEE機器識別號(如果有網絡卡,從網絡卡獲得,沒有網絡卡以其他方式獲得),UUID的唯一缺陷在於生成的結果串會比較長。關於UUID這個標準使用最普遍的是微軟的GUID(Globals Unique Identifiers)。
兩種方式生成guid 與uuid
需要comm log 庫
/**
* @author Administrator
*
* TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
*/
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Random;
public class RandomGUID extends Object {
protected final org.apache.commons.logging.Log logger = org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory
.getLog(getClass());
public String valueBeforeMD5 = "";
public String valueAfterMD5 = "";
private static Random myRand;
private static SecureRandom mySecureRand;
private static String s_id;
private static final int PAD_BELOW = 0x10;
private static final int TWO_BYTES = 0xFF;
/*
* Static block to take care of one time secureRandom seed.
* It takes a few seconds to initialize SecureRandom. You might
* want to consider removing this static block or replacing
* it with a "time since first loaded" seed to reduce this time.
* This block will run only once per JVM instance.
*/
static {
mySecureRand = new SecureRandom();
long secureInitializer = mySecureRand.nextLong();
myRand = new Random(secureInitializer);
try {
s_id = InetAddress.getLocalHost().toString();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/*
* Default constructor. With no specification of security option,
* this constructor defaults to lower security, high performance.
*/
public RandomGUID() {
getRandomGUID(false);
}
/*
* Constructor with security option. Setting secure true
* enables each random number generated to be cryptographically
* strong. Secure false defaults to the standard Random function seeded
* with a single cryptographically strong random number.
*/
public RandomGUID(boolean secure) {
getRandomGUID(secure);
}
/*
* Method to generate the random GUID
*/
private void getRandomGUID(boolean secure) {
MessageDigest md5 = null;
StringBuffer sbValueBeforeMD5 = new StringBuffer(128);
try {
md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
logger.error("Error: " + e);
}
try {
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
long rand = 0;
if (secure) {
rand = mySecureRand.nextLong();
} else {
rand = myRand.nextLong();
}
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(s_id);
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(":");
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(Long.toString(time));
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(":");
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(Long.toString(rand));
valueBeforeMD5 = sbValueBeforeMD5.toString();
md5.update(valueBeforeMD5.getBytes());
byte[] array = md5.digest();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(32);
for (int j = 0; j < array.length; ++j) {
int b = array[j] & TWO_BYTES;
if (b < PAD_BELOW)
sb.append('0');
sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b));
}
valueAfterMD5 = sb.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("Error:" + e);
}
}
/*
* Convert to the standard format for GUID
* (Useful for SQL Server UniqueIdentifiers, etc.)
* Example: C2FEEEAC-CFCD-11D1-8B05-00600806D9B6
*/
public String toString() {
String raw = valueAfterMD5.toUpperCase();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(64);
sb.append(raw.substring(0, 8));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(8, 12));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(12, 16));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(16, 20));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(20));
return sb.toString();
}
// Demonstraton and self test of class
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i=0; i< 100; i++) {
RandomGUID myGUID = new RandomGUID();
System.out.println("Seeding String=" + myGUID.valueBeforeMD5);
System.out.println("rawGUID=" + myGUID.valueAfterMD5);
System.out.println("RandomGUID=" + myGUID.toString());
}
}
}
同樣
UUID uuid = UUID.randomUUID();
System.out.println("{"+uuid.toString()+"}");