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關於GUID和UUID簡解

      GUID(Globals Unique Identifiers 全域性統一識別符號)是指在一臺機器上生成的數字,它保證對在同一時空中的所有機器都是唯一的。通常平臺會提供生成GUID的API。生成演算法很有意思,用到了乙太網卡地址、納秒級時間、晶片ID碼和許多可能的數字。GUID的唯一缺陷在於生成的結果串會比較大。


        一個GUID為一個128位的整數(16位元組),在使用唯一識別符號的情況下,你可以在所有計算機和網路之間使用這一整數。GUID 的格式為“xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx”,其中每個 x 是 0-9 或 a-f 範圍內的一個十六進位制的字。例如:337c7f2b-7a34-4f50-9141-bab9e6478cc8 即為有效的 GUID 值。


      世界上的任何兩臺計算機都不會生成重複的 GUID 值。GUID 主要用於在擁有多個節點、多臺計算機的網路或系統中,分配必須具有唯一性的識別符號。在 Windows 平臺上,GUID 應用非常廣泛:登錄檔、類及介面標識、資料庫、甚至自動生成的機器名、目錄名等。一個GUID可以在後臺數據庫中操作一個主鍵。

         UUID是指在一臺機器上生成的數字,它保證對在同一時空中的所有機器都是唯一的。通常平臺會提供生成UUID的API。UUID按照開放軟體基金會(OSF)制定的標準計算,用到了乙太網卡地址、納秒級時間、晶片ID碼和許多可能的數字。由以下幾部分的組合:當前日期和時間(UUID的第一個部分與時間有關,如果你在生成一個UUID之後,過幾秒又生成一個UUID,則第一個部分不同,其餘相同),時鐘序列,全域性唯一的IEEE機器識別號(如果有網絡卡,從網絡卡獲得,沒有網絡卡以其他方式獲得),UUID的唯一缺陷在於生成的結果串會比較長。關於UUID這個標準使用最普遍的是微軟的GUID(Globals Unique Identifiers)。

兩種方式生成guid 與uuid

需要comm log 庫

/**
 * @author Administrator
 *
 * TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to
 * Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
 */
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Random;

public class RandomGUID extends Object {
   protected final org.apache.commons.logging.Log logger = org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory
      .getLog(getClass());

   public String valueBeforeMD5 = "";
   public String valueAfterMD5 = "";
   private static Random myRand;
   private static SecureRandom mySecureRand;

   private static String s_id;
   private static final int PAD_BELOW = 0x10;
   private static final int TWO_BYTES = 0xFF;

   /*
    * Static block to take care of one time secureRandom seed.
    * It takes a few seconds to initialize SecureRandom.  You might
    * want to consider removing this static block or replacing
    * it with a "time since first loaded" seed to reduce this time.
    * This block will run only once per JVM instance.
      */

   static {
      mySecureRand = new SecureRandom();
      long secureInitializer = mySecureRand.nextLong();
      myRand = new Random(secureInitializer);
      try {
         s_id = InetAddress.getLocalHost().toString();
      } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }

   }


   /*
    * Default constructor.  With no specification of security option,
    * this constructor defaults to lower security, high performance.
    */
   public RandomGUID() {
      getRandomGUID(false);
   }

   /*
    * Constructor with security option.  Setting secure true
    * enables each random number generated to be cryptographically
    * strong.  Secure false defaults to the standard Random function seeded
    * with a single cryptographically strong random number.
    */
   public RandomGUID(boolean secure) {
      getRandomGUID(secure);
   }

   /*
    * Method to generate the random GUID
    */
   private void getRandomGUID(boolean secure) {
      MessageDigest md5 = null;
      StringBuffer sbValueBeforeMD5 = new StringBuffer(128);

      try {
         md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
      } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
         logger.error("Error: " + e);
      }

      try {
         long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
         long rand = 0;

         if (secure) {
            rand = mySecureRand.nextLong();
         } else {
            rand = myRand.nextLong();
         }
         sbValueBeforeMD5.append(s_id);
         sbValueBeforeMD5.append(":");
         sbValueBeforeMD5.append(Long.toString(time));
         sbValueBeforeMD5.append(":");
         sbValueBeforeMD5.append(Long.toString(rand));

         valueBeforeMD5 = sbValueBeforeMD5.toString();
         md5.update(valueBeforeMD5.getBytes());

         byte[] array = md5.digest();
         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(32);
         for (int j = 0; j < array.length; ++j) {
            int b = array[j] & TWO_BYTES;
            if (b < PAD_BELOW)
               sb.append('0');
            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b));
         }

         valueAfterMD5 = sb.toString();

      } catch (Exception e) {
         logger.error("Error:" + e);
      }
   }

   /*
    * Convert to the standard format for GUID
    * (Useful for SQL Server UniqueIdentifiers, etc.)
    * Example: C2FEEEAC-CFCD-11D1-8B05-00600806D9B6
    */
   public String toString() {
      String raw = valueAfterMD5.toUpperCase();
      StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(64);
      sb.append(raw.substring(0, 8));
      sb.append("-");
      sb.append(raw.substring(8, 12));
      sb.append("-");
      sb.append(raw.substring(12, 16));
      sb.append("-");
      sb.append(raw.substring(16, 20));
      sb.append("-");
      sb.append(raw.substring(20));

      return sb.toString();
   }


     // Demonstraton and self test of class
     public static void main(String args[]) {
       for (int i=0; i< 100; i++) {
         RandomGUID myGUID = new RandomGUID();
         System.out.println("Seeding String=" + myGUID.valueBeforeMD5);
         System.out.println("rawGUID=" + myGUID.valueAfterMD5);
         System.out.println("RandomGUID=" + myGUID.toString());
       }
     }


}

同樣

UUID uuid = UUID.randomUUID();
System.out.println("{"+uuid.toString()+"}");