1. 程式人生 > >leetcode第15題——**3Sum

leetcode第15題——**3Sum

題目

Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a,b,c inS such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.

Note:

  • Elements in a triplet (a,b,c) must be in non-descending order. (ie,abc)
  • The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.
    For example, given array S = {-1 0 1 2 -1 -4},

    A solution set is:
    (-1, 0, 1)
    (-1, -1, 2)

思路

這是Ksum類的問題,求出陣列中K個數滿足和為target的值。這一類問題都有類似解法。

可以先把陣列非遞減排序,然後從頭到尾遍歷陣列,每次固定一個數nums[a],然後就是從剩下的數當中找到和為-nums[a]的兩個數,由於陣列是有序的,可以從頭尾分別往中間靠攏,這樣找兩個和為-nums[a]的時間複雜度為o(n)

排序的時間複雜度為O(nlgn),找出資料並去重的時間複雜度為O(n^2),整體時間複雜度為O(nlgn)+O(n^2),當n很大時時間複雜度為O(n^2)

程式碼

Python

class Solution(object):
    def threeSum(self, nums):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :rtype: List[List[int]]
        """
        leng = len(nums)
        res = []
        if (nums == None or leng < 3):
            return res
            
        nums.sort()
        for a in xrange(leng):
            #去重
            if (a > 0 and nums[a] == nums[a-1]):
                continue
            
            b = a + 1;
            c = leng - 1;
            while(b < c):
                tsum = nums[a] + nums[b] + nums[c]
                if (tsum < 0):
                    #頭指標往前移動
                    b += 1
                elif (tsum > 0):
                    #尾指標往後移動
                    c -= 1
                else:
                    item = []
                    item.append(nums[a])
                    item.append(nums[b])
                    item.append(nums[c])
                    res.append(item)
                    
                    #如果有相等數字,則頭尾指標要移動(去重)
                    while(True):
                        b += 1
                        if (b < c and nums[b-1] == nums[b]):
                            continue
                        else:
                            break
                    while(True):
                        c -= 1
                        if (c > b and nums[c+1] == nums[c]):
                            continue
                        else:
                            break
                        
        return res                        

Java

public class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer>> threeSum(int[] nums) {
        List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
        if (nums == null || nums.length < 3) return res;
        //先對陣列排序
        Arrays.sort(nums);
        
        int len = nums.length;
        int a,b,c,sum;
        for(a = 0; a < len; a++){
        	//去重
        	if(a > 0 && nums[a] == nums[a-1]) continue;
        	
        	b = a + 1;
        	c = len - 1;
        	while(b < c){
        		sum = nums[a] + nums[b] + nums[c];
        		
        		if(sum < 0) b++;//如果sum太小,頭指標往後移動,找更大的數
        		else if(sum > 0) c--;//如果sum太大,尾指標往前移動 			
        		else{
        			List<Integer> item = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        			item.add(nums[a]);
        			item.add(nums[b]);
        			item.add(nums[c]);
        			res.add(item);
        			
        			while((b+=1) < c && nums[b-1] == nums[b]){
        				continue;
        			}
        			while((c-=1) > b && nums[c+1] == nums[c]){
        				continue;
        			}
        		}
        	}
        	
        }        
	return res;
    }
}