1. 程式人生 > >Android ListView之BaseAdapter

Android ListView之BaseAdapter

  話說開發用了各種Adapter之後感覺用的最舒服的還是BaseAdapter,儘管使用起來比其他介面卡有些麻煩,但是使用它卻能實現很多自己喜歡的列表佈局,比如ListView、GridView、Gallery、Spinner等等。它是直接繼承自介面類Adapter的,使用BaseAdapter時需要重寫很多方法,其中最重要的當屬getView,因為這會涉及到ListView優化等問題.

  BaseAdapter與其他Adapter有些不一樣,其他的Adapter可以直接在其構造方法中進行資料的設定,比如:

SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this, getData(), R.layout.list_item, 
                                          new String[]{"img","title","info",
                                          new int[]{R.id.img, R.id.title, R.id.info}});

  在BaseAdapter中,需要實現一個繼承自BaseAdapter的類,並且重寫裡面的很多方法,例如:

class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter
    {
        private Context context;
        public MyAdapter(Context context)
        {
            this.context = context;
        }
        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            // How many items are in the data set represented by this Adapter.(在此介面卡中所代表的資料集中的條目數)
            return 0;
        }

        @Override
        public Object getItem(int position) {
            // Get the data item associated with the specified position in the data set.(獲取資料集中與指定索引對應的資料項)
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public long getItemId(int position) {
            // Get the row id associated with the specified position in the list.(取在列表中與指定索引對應的行id)
            return 0;
        }

        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            // Get a View that displays the data at the specified position in the data set.
            return null;
        }
        
    }

  這裡面沒什麼難度,但是這個getView方法必須好好處理,也是最麻煩的。

  第一種:沒有任何處理,不建議這樣寫。

  如果資料量少看將就,但是如果列表項資料量很大的時候,會每次都重新建立View,設定資源,嚴重影響效能,所以從一開始就不要用這種方式。

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

     View item = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
     ImageView img = (ImageView)item.findViewById(R.id.img) 
     TextView title = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.title);
     TextView info = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.info);
     img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
     title.setText("Hello");
     info.setText("world");
            
     return item;
}

  第二種:ListView優化。通過快取convertView,這種利用快取contentView的方式可以判斷如果快取中不存在View才建立View,如果已經存在可以利用快取中的View,提升了效能。

public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
     if(convertView == null)
     {
          convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
     }
            
     ImageView img = (ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.img) 
     TextView title = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.title);
     TextView info = (TextView)ConvertView.findViewById(R.id.info);
     img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
     title.setText("Hello");
     info.setText("world");
            
     return convertView;
}

  第三種:ListView優化。通過convertView+ViewHolder來實現,ViewHolder就是一個靜態類,使用 ViewHolder 的關鍵好處是快取了顯示資料的檢視(View),加快了 UI 的響應速度。

  當我們判斷 convertView == null  的時候,如果為空,就會根據設計好的List的Item佈局(XML),來為convertView賦值,並生成一個viewHolder來繫結converView裡面的各個View控制元件(XML佈局裡面的那些控制元件)。再用convertView的setTag將viewHolder設定到Tag中,以便系統第二次繪製ListView時從Tag中取出。(看下面程式碼中)

  如果convertView不為空的時候,就會直接用convertView的getTag(),來獲得一個ViewHolder。

//在外面先定義,ViewHolder靜態類
static class ViewHolder
{
    public ImageView img;
    public TextView title;
    public TextView info;
}

//然後重寫getView
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    ViewHolder holder;
    if(convertView == null)
    {
         holder = new ViewHolder();
         convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
         holder.img = (ImageView)item.findViewById(R.id.img) 
         holder.title = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.title);
         holder.info = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.info);
         convertView.setTag(holder);
    } else {

         holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
         holder.img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
         holder.title.setText("Hello");
         holder.info.setText("World");
    }
            
    return convertView;
}

  到這裡,可能會有人問ViewHolder靜態類結合快取convertView與直接使用convertView有什麼區別嗎,是否重複了?

  在這裡,官方給出瞭解釋******提升Adapter的兩種方法:

  To work efficiently the adapter implemented here uses two techniques:
  -It reuses the convertView passed to getView() to avoid inflating View when it is not necessary

  (譯:重用快取convertView傳遞給getView()方法來避免填充不必要的檢視)
  -It uses the ViewHolder pattern to avoid calling findViewById() when it is not necessary

  (譯:使用ViewHolder模式來避免沒有必要的呼叫findViewById():因為太多的findViewById也會影響效能)
  ViewHolder類的作用
  -The ViewHolder pattern consists in storing a data structure in the tag of the view
  returned by getView().This data structures contains references to the views we want to bind data to,
  thus avoiding calling to findViewById() every time getView() is invoked

  (譯:ViewHolder模式通過getView()方法返回的檢視的標籤(Tag)中儲存一個數據結構,這個資料結構包含了指向我們

  要繫結資料的檢視的引用,從而避免每次呼叫getView()的時候呼叫findViewById().

  例項:用BaseAdapter來自定義ListView佈局:

  main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lv"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:fastScrollEnabled="true"
        />

</LinearLayout>

  list_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/img"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />
    <LinearLayout 
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        >
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="20sp"
        />
        <TextView 
            android:id="@+id/info"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="14sp"
            />
    </LinearLayout>
    

</LinearLayout>

  Activity

package com.loulijun.demo17;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class Demo17Activity extends Activity {
    private ListView lv;
    private List<Map<String, Object>> data;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        lv = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.lv);
        //獲取將要繫結的資料設定到data中
        data = getData();
        MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(this);
        lv.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
    
    private List<Map<String, Object>> getData()
    {
        List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
        Map<String, Object> map;
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
        {
            map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
            map.put("img", R.drawable.ic_launcher);
            map.put("title", "跆拳道");
            map.put("info", "快樂源於生活...");
            list.add(map);
        }
        return list;
    }
    
    //ViewHolder靜態類
    static class ViewHolder
    {
        public ImageView img;
        public TextView title;
        public TextView info;
    }
    
    public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter
    {    
        private LayoutInflater mInflater = null;
        private MyAdapter(Context context)
        {
            //根據context上下文載入佈局,這裡的是Demo17Activity本身,即this
            this.mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
        }

        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            //How many items are in the data set represented by this Adapter.
            //在此介面卡中所代表的資料集中的條目數
            return data.size();
        }

        @Override
        public Object getItem(int position) {
            // Get the data item associated with the specified position in the data set.
            //獲取資料集中與指定索引對應的資料項
            return position;
        }

        @Override
        public long getItemId(int position) {
            //Get the row id associated with the specified position in the list.
            //獲取在列表中與指定索引對應的行id
            return position;
        }
        
        //Get a View that displays the data at the specified position in the data set.
        //獲取一個在資料集中指定索引的檢視來顯示資料
        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            ViewHolder holder = null;
            //如果快取convertView為空,則需要建立View
            if(convertView == null)
            {
                holder = new ViewHolder();
                //根據自定義的Item佈局載入佈局
                convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
                holder.img = (ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.img);
                holder.title = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv);
                holder.info = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.info);
                //將設定好的佈局儲存到快取中,並將其設定在Tag裡,以便後面方便取出Tag
                convertView.setTag(holder);
            }else
            {
                holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
            }
            holder.img.setBackgroundResource((Integer)data.get(position).get("img"));
            holder.title.setText((String)data.get(position).get("title"));
            holder.info.setText((String)data.get(position).get("info"));
            
            return convertView;
        }
        
    }
}

  執行結果如下: