MyBatis 多表聯合查詢及優化
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-25
序
這篇文章我打算來簡單的談談 mybatis 的多表聯合查詢。起初是覺得挺簡單的,沒必要拿出來寫,畢竟 mybatis 這東西現在是個開發的都會用,而且網上的文章也是一搜羅一大堆,根本就用不著我來重複。但是吧,就我前幾天在做一個多表聯合查詢的時候,竟然出了很多意想不到的問題,而且這些問題的出現,並不是對 mybatis 不瞭解,而是在用的過程中會或多或少的忽略一些東西,導致提示各種錯誤。背景
老規矩,開始之前,還是要先說說這件事的背景。也就是最近幾天,公司要做一個後臺的管理平臺,由於之前的一些限制,這次要做成單獨的專案進行部署,因此就要重新考慮很多東西。索性這幾天有時間,就做了一個小 Demo ,實現 mybatis 的多表聯合查詢的,由於之前用的是 Hibernate 做的聯合查詢,眾所周知,Hibernate 是全自動的資料庫持久層框架,它可以通過實體來對映資料庫,通過設定一對多、多對一、一對一、多對多的關聯來實現聯合查詢。正文
這裡,我已經搭好了開發的環境,用到的是 SpringMVC + Spring + MyBatis,當然,為了簡單期間,你可以不用搭前端的框架,只使用 Spring + MyBatis 就可以,外加 junit 測試即可。環境我就不帶大家搭了,這裡只說涉及到聯合查詢的操作。 設計好表之後,我用到了 mybatis 的自動生成工具 mybatis generator 生成的實體類、mapper 介面、以及 mapper xml 檔案。由於是測試多表聯合查詢,因此需要自己稍加改動。 下面是 User 和 Role 的實體類程式碼: User
Role<span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:12px;">package com.sica.domain; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List; public class User implements Serializable { private String id; private String username; private String password; private List<Role> roles; private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id == null ? null : id.trim(); } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username == null ? null : username.trim(); } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password == null ? null : password.trim(); } public List<Role> getRoles() { return roles; } public void setRoles(List<Role> roles) { this.roles = roles; } @Override public boolean equals(Object that) { if (this == that) { return true; } if (that == null) { return false; } if (getClass() != that.getClass()) { return false; } User other = (User) that; return (this.getId() == null ? other.getId() == null : this.getId().equals(other.getId())) && (this.getUsername() == null ? other.getUsername() == null : this.getUsername().equals(other.getUsername())) && (this.getPassword() == null ? other.getPassword() == null : this.getPassword().equals(other.getPassword())); } @Override public int hashCode() { final int prime = 31; int result = 1; result = prime * result + ((getId() == null) ? 0 : getId().hashCode()); result = prime * result + ((getUsername() == null) ? 0 : getUsername().hashCode()); result = prime * result + ((getPassword() == null) ? 0 : getPassword().hashCode()); return result; } }</span>
首先講一下業務,這裡用到的 User 、Role 的對應關係是,一個使用者有多個角色,也就是 User : Role 是 1 : n 的關係。因此,在 User 的實體中加入一個 Role 的屬性,對應一對多的關係。 然後就是 mapper 介面和 xml 檔案了: mapper介面 UserMapper<span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:12px;">package com.sica.domain; import java.io.Serializable; public class Role implements Serializable { private String id; private String name; private String jsms; private String bz; private Integer jlzt; private String glbm; private String userid; private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id == null ? null : id.trim(); } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name == null ? null : name.trim(); } public String getJsms() { return jsms; } public void setJsms(String jsms) { this.jsms = jsms == null ? null : jsms.trim(); } public String getBz() { return bz; } public void setBz(String bz) { this.bz = bz == null ? null : bz.trim(); } public Integer getJlzt() { return jlzt; } public void setJlzt(Integer jlzt) { this.jlzt = jlzt; } public String getGlbm() { return glbm; } public void setGlbm(String glbm) { this.glbm = glbm == null ? null : glbm.trim(); } public String getUserid() { return userid; } public void setUserid(String userid) { this.userid = userid == null ? null : userid.trim(); } @Override public boolean equals(Object that) { if (this == that) { return true; } if (that == null) { return false; } if (getClass() != that.getClass()) { return false; } Role other = (Role) that; return (this.getId() == null ? other.getId() == null : this.getId().equals(other.getId())) && (this.getName() == null ? other.getName() == null : this.getName().equals(other.getName())) && (this.getJsms() == null ? other.getJsms() == null : this.getJsms().equals(other.getJsms())) && (this.getBz() == null ? other.getBz() == null : this.getBz().equals(other.getBz())) && (this.getJlzt() == null ? other.getJlzt() == null : this.getJlzt().equals(other.getJlzt())) && (this.getGlbm() == null ? other.getGlbm() == null : this.getGlbm().equals(other.getGlbm())) && (this.getUserid() == null ? other.getUserid() == null : this.getUserid().equals(other.getUserid())); } @Override public int hashCode() { final int prime = 31; int result = 1; result = prime * result + ((getId() == null) ? 0 : getId().hashCode()); result = prime * result + ((getName() == null) ? 0 : getName().hashCode()); result = prime * result + ((getJsms() == null) ? 0 : getJsms().hashCode()); result = prime * result + ((getBz() == null) ? 0 : getBz().hashCode()); result = prime * result + ((getJlzt() == null) ? 0 : getJlzt().hashCode()); result = prime * result + ((getGlbm() == null) ? 0 : getGlbm().hashCode()); result = prime * result + ((getUserid() == null) ? 0 : getUserid().hashCode()); return result; } }</span>
<span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:12px;">package com.sica.mapper;
import com.sica.domain.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserMapper {
int deleteByPrimaryKey(String id);
int insert(User record);
int insertSelective(User record);
User selectByPrimaryKey(String id);
int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(User record);
int updateByPrimaryKey(User record);
List<User> queryForList();
}</span>
mapper xml檔案
UserMapper
<span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:12px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.sica.mapper.UserMapper">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.sica.domain.User">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
<result column="username" property="username" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
<result column="password" property="password" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
</resultMap>
<resultMap id="queryForListMap" type="com.sica.domain.User">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
<result column="username" property="username" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
<result column="password" property="password" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
<collection property="roles" javaType="java.util.List" ofType="com.sica.domain.Role">
<id column="r_id" property="id" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
<result column="r_name" property="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
<result column="r_jsms" property="jsms" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
<result column="r_bz" property="bz" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
<result column="r_jlzt" property="jlzt" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
<result column="r_glbm" property="glbm" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="queryForList" resultMap="queryForListMap">
SELECT
u.id,
u.username,
u.password,
r.id r_id,
r.name r_name,
r.jsms r_jsms,
r.bz r_bz,
r.jlzt r_jlzt,
r.glbm r_glbm
FROM
user u
LEFT JOIN
role r
ON
u.id = r.userid
</select>
<sql id="Base_Column_List">
id, username, password
</sql>
<select id="selectByPrimaryKey" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="java.lang.String">
select
<include refid="Base_Column_List"/>
from user
where id = #{id,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
</select>
<delete id="deleteByPrimaryKey" parameterType="java.lang.String">
delete from user
where id = #{id,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
</delete>
<insert id="insert" parameterType="com.sica.domain.User">
insert into user (id, username, password
)
values (#{id,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{username,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{password,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
)
</insert>
<insert id="insertSelective" parameterType="com.sica.domain.User">
insert into user
<trim prefix="(" suffix=")" suffixOverrides=",">
<if test="id != null">
id,
</if>
<if test="username != null">
username,
</if>
<if test="password != null">
password,
</if>
</trim>
<trim prefix="values (" suffix=")" suffixOverrides=",">
<if test="id != null">
#{id,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
</if>
<if test="username != null">
#{username,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
</if>
<if test="password != null">
#{password,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
</if>
</trim>
</insert>
<update id="updateByPrimaryKeySelective" parameterType="com.sica.domain.User">
update user
<set>
<if test="username != null">
username = #{username,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
</if>
<if test="password != null">
password = #{password,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
</if>
</set>
where id = #{id,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
</update>
<update id="updateByPrimaryKey" parameterType="com.sica.domain.User">
update user
set username = #{username,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
password = #{password,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
where id = #{id,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
</update>
</mapper></span>
之後,我擴充套件了一個 Dao 介面,當然,你也可以直接使用 mapper 介面,都是一樣的。
Dao 介面
IUserDao
<span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:12px;">package com.sica.dao;
import com.sica.mapper.UserMapper;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
* Package: com.sica.dao
* Name: IUserDao
* User: xiang.li
* Date: 2015/5/22
* Time: 15:25
* Desc: To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
*/
public interface IUserDao extends UserMapper {
}</span>
下面就是 service 和實現層的程式碼了。
IUserService
<span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:12px;">package com.sica.service;
import com.sica.domain.User;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by xiang.li on 2015/1/31.
*/
public interface IUserService {
/**
* 根據Id查詢使用者物件
* @param id 編號
* @return 使用者物件
*/
User getUserById(String id);
/**
* 根據使用者名稱查詢使用者物件
* @return List
*/
List<User> queryUserList();
}</span>
UserServiceImpl
<span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:12px;">package com.sica.service.impl;
import com.sica.dao.IUserDao;
import com.sica.domain.User;
import com.sica.service.IUserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by xiang.li on 2015/1/31.
*/
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
@Resource
public IUserDao userDao;
@Override
public User getUserById(String id) {
return this.userDao.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
}
@Override
public List<User> queryUserList() {
return userDao.queryForList();
}
}</span>
當然,還有所謂的 applicationContext.xml 配置,不過,我這裡叫 spring-mybatis.xml。
<span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:12px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 自動掃描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sica"/>
<!-- 引入配置檔案 -->
<bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"
p:location="classpath:jdbc.properties"
/>
<!-- 配置資料庫連線池 -->
<!-- 初始化連線大小 -->
<!-- 連線池最大數量 -->
<!-- 連線池最大空閒 -->
<!-- 連線池最小空閒 -->
<!-- 獲取連線最大等待時間 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"
p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driver}"
p:url="${jdbc.url}"
p:username="${jdbc.username}"
p:password="${jdbc.password}"
p:initialSize="${jdbc.initialSize}"
p:maxActive="${jdbc.maxActive}"
p:maxIdle="${jdbc.maxIdle}"
p:minIdle="${jdbc.minIdle}"
p:maxWait="${jdbc.maxWait}"
/>
<!-- spring和MyBatis完美整合,不需要mybatis的配置對映檔案 -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean" lazy-init="default"
p:dataSource-ref="dataSource"
p:mapperLocations="classpath:com/sica/mapping/*.xml"
/>
<!-- DAO介面所在包名,Spring會自動查詢其下的類 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"
p:basePackage="com.sica.dao"
p:sqlSessionFactoryBeanName="sqlSessionFactory"
/>
<!-- (事務管理)transaction manager, use JtaTransactionManager for global tx -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"
p:dataSource-ref="dataSource"
/>
</beans></span>
最後,我用到的是 junit 進行的測試,測試程式碼如下。
GetUserTest
<span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:12px;">package com.sica.user;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.sica.domain.User;
import com.sica.service.IUserService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by xiang.li on 2015/2/1.
*/
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring-mybatis.xml")
public class GetUserTest {
private static String UUID = "3";
@Resource
private IUserService userService;
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GetUserTest.class);
@Test
public void test() {
User user = userService.getUserById(UUID);
logger.info(JSON.toJSONString(user));
}
/**
* 測試聯合查詢
*/
@Test
public void test2() {
List<User> users = userService.queryUserList();
logger.info(JSON.toJSONString(users));
}
}</span>
測試結果
可以看到,所有的使用者和使用者對應的角色都全部查出來了,這說明,這次的測試很成功。