shell for 迴圈中實現非同步處理
理解非同步,需要理解shell殼的原理,父shell和子shell程序之間關係。
shell什麼情況下會產生子程序
下英文摘自info bash
1、後臺執行命令 &。If a command is terminated by the control operator ‘&’, the shell executes the command asynchronously in a subshell.
2、管道命令 |。Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell。
3、括號命令()。
Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell
environment to be created
4、執行外部指令碼、程式:
When Bash finds such a file while searching the `$PATH’ for a command, it spawns a subshell to execute it. In other words, executing filename ARGUMENTS is equivalent to executing bash filename ARGUMENTS
核心命令:
等待命令
wait
後臺執行命令
&
程式碼塊,fork子程序
(
)
例項程式碼:
在for迴圈中,非同步執行 單元 ()&:
for i in {1..5}
do
echo ${i}
(
echo block one sleep:${i}
echo block one_start:`date`
sleep ${i}
echo block one_end:`date`
)&
echo Main_One:$!
(
echo block tow sleep:1
echo block tow_start:`date`
sleep 1
echo block tow:`date`
)&
echo Main_Tow:$!
done
echo out:$!
以上測試結果顯示,迴圈中(…)&程式碼,後臺執行後,就fork了一個子進行。
1
Main_One:17976
block one sleep:1 #這裡塊一開始
Main_Tow:17977
2
Main_One:17978
Main_Tow:17980
3
block one sleep:2
Main_One :17981
Main_Tow:17983
4
Main_One:17984
Main_Tow:17985
5
Main_One:17986
Main_Tow:17987
out:17987 #這裡整個指令碼跑完
block one_start:Wed Jul 18 14:00:29 CST 2018
block one sleep:3
block tow sleep:1 #這裡block二開始執行
block tow sleep:1
block tow sleep:1
block tow sleep:1
block tow sleep:1
block one_start:Wed Jul 18 14:00:29 CST 2018
block one sleep:4
block one sleep:5
block tow_start:Wed Jul 18 14:00:29 CST 2018
block tow_start:Wed Jul 18 14:00:29 CST 2018
block tow_start:Wed Jul 18 14:00:29 CST 2018
block tow_start:Wed Jul 18 14:00:29 CST 2018
block one_start:Wed Jul 18 14:00:29 CST 2018
block tow_start:Wed Jul 18 14:00:29 CST 2018
block one_start:Wed Jul 18 14:00:29 CST 2018
block one_start:Wed Jul 18 14:00:29 CST 2018
block one_end:Wed Jul 18 14:00:30 CST 2018
block tow:Wed Jul 18 14:00:30 CST 2018
block tow:Wed Jul 18 14:00:30 CST 2018
block tow:Wed Jul 18 14:00:30 CST 2018
block tow:Wed Jul 18 14:00:30 CST 2018
block tow:Wed Jul 18 14:00:30 CST 2018 #block二 先結束
block one_end:Wed Jul 18 14:00:31 CST 2018
block one_end:Wed Jul 18 14:00:32 CST 2018
block one_end:Wed Jul 18 14:00:33 CST 2018
block one_end:Wed Jul 18 14:00:34 CST 2018 #block一結束
看到網上有人說for迴圈中,是使用的子程序進行操作,這個結論應該是不合實際的。
只有在顯性的fork了子程序,才有這種現象。在沒有fork子程序的時候,for迴圈是順序執行,等待上一個迴圈結束才會繼續執行。