使用hint優化Oracle的執行計劃 以及 SQL Tune Advisor的使用
背景:
某表忽然出現查詢非常緩慢的情況,cost 100+ 秒以上;嚴重影響生產。
原SQL:
檢視其執行計劃:explain plan for select * from ( select ID id,RET_NO retNo, FROM_SYS fromSy, TO_SYS toSys, COMMAND_CODE commandCode, COMMAND, STATUS, EXT_CODE, ORIGN_CODE orignCode,error_message errorMessage, RE_F, RET_MSG retMsg from interface_table where ((command_code in('AASSS') and status in('F','E') and (re_f = 'N') and FROM_SYS = 'MEE') or (COMMAND_CODE in('XXXX','XXXX9') and FROM_SYS = 'EXT' and RE_F = 'N') ) and MOD(id, 1) = 0 order by id) where rownum <= 100 ;
SELECT plan_table_output FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY('PLAN_TABLE'));
Plan hash value: 1871549687 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 99 | 382K| 637 (1)| 00:00:08 | |* 1 | COUNT STOPKEY | | | | | | | 2 | VIEW | | 100 | 386K| 637 (1)| 00:00:08 | |* 3 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| INTERFACE_TABLE | 355 | 55735 | 637 (1)| 00:00:08 | |* 4 | INDEX FULL SCAN | PK_INTERFACE_TABLE | 1439 | | 280 (2)| 00:00:04 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
優化後的SQL:
檢視其執行計劃:explain plan for select * from ( select /*+ index(INT_TABLE IX_INT_TABLE_2)*/ ID id,RET_NO retNo, FROM_SYS fromSy, TO_SYS toSys, COMMAND_CODE commandCode, COMMAND, STATUS, EXT_CODE, ORIGN_CODE orignCode,error_message errorMessage, RE_F, RET_MSG retMsg from interface_table where ((command_code in('AASSS') and status in('F','E') and (re_f = 'N') and FROM_SYS = 'MEE') or (COMMAND_CODE in('XXXX','XXXX9') and FROM_SYS = 'EXT' and RE_F = 'N') ) and MOD(id, 1) = 0 order by id) where rownum <= 100 ;
SELECT plan_table_output FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY('PLAN_TABLE'));
Plan hash value: 3625182869
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 99 | 382K| 19105 (1)| 00:03:50 |
|* 1 | COUNT STOPKEY | | | | | |
| 2 | VIEW | | 356 | 1376K| 19105 (1)| 00:03:50 |
|* 3 | SORT ORDER BY STOPKEY | | 356 | 55892 | 19105 (1)| 00:03:50 |
| 4 | CONCATENATION | | | | | |
|* 5 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| INTERFACE_TABLE | 69 | 10833 | 9552 (1)| 00:01:55 |
|* 6 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IX_INTERFACE_TABLE_2 | 77145 | | 99 (0)| 00:00:02 |
|* 7 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| INTERFACE_TABLE | 287 | 45059 | 9552 (1)| 00:01:55 |
|* 8 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IX_INTERFACE_TABLE_2 | 77145 | | 99 (0)| 00:00:02 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
比較:
檢視執行計劃,原來是使用 full scan - 當資料量大時非常慢;優化後oracle優先走range scan,hint 的 index 是未處理標識欄位的索引,正常情況下這個資料集合相對較小--------所以可以達到優化目的。
具體情況具體分析,我們必須要看實際的表存的業務資料,分析其業務關係找到最小業務集合;後者要看懂執行計劃,根據rows, bytes, cost, time 找到最優專案。這個分析順序不能倒置。
問題:為何使用 rownum 後,oracle執行計劃會走full scan?
轉:如何看懂執行計劃:http://jadethao.iteye.com/blog/1613943
==== section2 ====
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-77311-id-3233190.html
環境: OS:Red Hat Linux As 5 DB:10.2.0.4 Oracle通過STA給出某個SQL執行建議,下面通過一個測試檢查Oracle給出的優化建議是否正確. 1.建表並生成測試資料 SQL> create table tb_test(id number not null,name varchar2(30)); Table created. SQL> create index idx_tb_test on tb_test(id); Index created. SQL> declarebegin
for i in 1 .. 100000 loop
insert into tb_test values (i, 'test');
commit;
end loop;
end;
/ 2.分析表 begin
dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname => 'SCOTT', tabname => 'TB_TEST');
end;
3.編造一個執行計劃不對的SQL
select/*+ full(t)*/ count(1) from scott.tb_test t where t.id=1
我們知道在ID列上有索引,這個SQL走索引是正確的執行計劃,但這裡強制oracle走全表掃描,然後通過STA,看oracle給出的執行計劃是否正確.
4.建立TUNING_TASK並執行
declare
l_task_name varchar2(30);
l_sql clob;
begin
l_sql := 'select/*+ full(t)*/ count(1) from scott.tb_test t where t.id=1';
l_task_name := DBMS_SQLTUNE.CREATE_TUNING_TASK(sql_text => l_sql,
user_name => 'SCOTT',
scope => 'COMPREHENSIVE',
time_limit => 60,
task_name => 'task_name01',
description => null);
dbms_sqltune.Execute_tuning_task(task_name => 'task_name01');
end;
5.檢視oracle給出的優化建議
SQL> set serveroutput on;
SQL> set long 999999999;
SQL> SELECT DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('task_name01') FROM DUAL;
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TASK_NAME01')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tuning Task Name : task_name01
Tuning Task Owner : SYS
Scope : COMPREHENSIVE
Time Limit(seconds) : 60
Completion Status : COMPLETED
Started at : 06/03/2012 00:07:58
Completed at : 06/03/2012 00:07:59
Number of SQL Profile Findings : 1
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('MY_TASK_NAME01')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Schema Name: SCOTT
SQL ID : ga3q5tqjgsj5u
SQL Text : select/*+ full(t)*/ count(1) from scott.tb_test t where t.id=1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FINDINGS SECTION (1 finding)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- SQL Profile Finding (see explain plans section below)
--------------------------------------------------------
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('MY_TASK_NAME01')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A potentially better execution plan was found for this statement.
Recommendation (estimated benefit: 84.11%)
------------------------------------------
- Consider accepting the recommended SQL profile.
execute dbms_sqltune.accept_sql_profile(task_name => 'task_name01',
replace => TRUE);
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXPLAIN PLANS SECTION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TASK_NAME01')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- Original With Adjusted Cost
------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1372292586
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- 當前的執行計劃
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TASK_NAME01')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 4 | 6 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 4 | | |
|* 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| TB_TEST | 1 | 4 | 6 (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TASK_NAME01')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 - filter("T"."ID"=1)
-- Oracle給出的執行計劃
2- Using SQL Profile
--------------------
Plan hash value: 847665939
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time
|
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TASK_NAME01')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 4 | 1 (0)| 00:00:0
1 |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 4 | |
|
|* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| IDX_TB_TEST | 1 | 4 | 1 (0)| 00:00:0
1 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TASK_NAME01')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - access("T"."ID"=1)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
從上面的輸出可以看出Oracle給出的執行計劃是正確的.可以使用如下方法使用正確的執行計劃
begin
dbms_sqltune.accept_sql_profile(task_name => 'task_name01', replace => TRUE);
end;
-- The End --