linux安裝nginx需要先安裝 openssl zlib pcre等，關於openssl以及zlib的安裝可以參考我的另一篇部落格《redis叢集配置》下面直接介紹 pcre的安裝和nginx的安裝
PCRE(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions)是一個Perl庫，包括 perl 相容的正則表示式庫。nginx的http模組使用pcre來解析正則表示式，所以需要在linux上安裝pcre庫，這裡通過pcre的原始碼來安裝
首先下載pcre的原始碼，下載地址點選here,在這裡我的為8.31版本
將pcre-8.3..tar.gz放到/usr/pcre/目錄解壓進入解壓目錄執行./configure –enable-utf8(注意enable前面有兩個-) 關於configure 的引數可以執行./configure -help檢視,

執行./configure –enable-utf8 部分編譯程式碼如下

pcre-8.31 configuration summary:

    Install prefix .................. : /usr/local
    C preprocessor .................. : gcc -E
    C compiler ...................... : gcc
    C++ preprocessor ................ : g++ -E
    C++ compiler .................... : g++
    Linker .......................... : /usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64
    C preprocessor flags ............ : 
    C compiler flags ................ : -O2
    C++ compiler flags .............. : -O2
    Linker flags .................... : 
    Extra libraries ................. : 

    Build 8
 
 bit pcre library ........ : yes
    Build 16 bit pcre library ....... : no
    Build C++ library ............... : yes
    Enable JIT compiling support .... : no
    Enable UTF-8/16 support ......... : yes
    Unicode properties .............. : no
    Newline char/sequence ........... : lf
    \R matches only ANYCRLF ......... : no
 

    EBCDIC coding ................... : no
    Rebuild char tables ............. : no
    Use stack recursion ............. : yes
    POSIX mem threshold ............. : 10
    Internal link size .............. : 2
    Match limit ..................... : 10000000
    Match limit recursion ........... : MATCH_LIMIT
    Build shared libs ............... : yes
    Build static libs ............... : yes
    Use JIT in pcregrep ............. : no
    Buffer size for pcregrep ........ : 20480
    Link pcregrep with libz ......... : no
    Link pcregrep with libbz2 ....... : no
    Link pcretest with libedit ...... : no
    Link pcretest with libreadline .. : no

root@ubuntu:/usr/pcre/pcre-8.31# 

注意如果沒有安裝 g++，編譯部分如下 可以發現沒有c++ preprocessor 和c++copiler，接著執行make 就會報錯：libtool: compile: unrecognized option `-DHAVE_CONFIG_H

 C++ preprocessor ................ :
 C++ compiler .................... : 

一般情況下Ubuntu 預設裝有gcc但是沒有g++關於g++的安裝可以參考我的另外一篇部落格Ubuntu安裝g++
執行make指令

root@ubuntu:/usr/pcre/pcre-8.31# make
rm -f pcre_chartables.c
ln -s ./pcre_chartables.c.dist pcre_chartables.c
make  all-am
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/pcre/pcre-8.31'
  CC     pcre_byte_order.lo
  CC     pcre_compile.lo
  CC     pcre_config.lo
  CC     pcre_dfa_exec.lo
  CC     pcre_exec.lo
  CC     pcre_fullinfo.lo
  CC     pcre_get.lo
  CC     pcre_globals.lo
  CC     pcre_jit_compile.lo
  CC     pcre_maketables.lo
  CC     pcre_newline.lo
  CC     pcre_ord2utf8.lo
  CC     pcre_refcount.lo
  CC     pcre_string_utils.lo
  CC     pcre_study.lo
  CC     pcre_tables.lo
  CC     pcre_ucd.lo
  CC     pcre_valid_utf8.lo
  CC     pcre_version.lo
  CC     pcre_xclass.lo
  CC     pcre_chartables.lo
  CCLD   libpcre.la
  CC     pcreposix.lo
  CCLD   libpcreposix.la
  CXX    pcrecpp.lo
  CXX    pcre_scanner.lo
  CXX    pcre_stringpiece.lo
  CXXLD  libpcrecpp.la
  CC     pcretest.o
  CC     pcre_printint.o
  CCLD   pcretest
  CC     pcregrep.o
  CCLD   pcregrep
  CXX    pcrecpp_unittest.o
  CXXLD  pcrecpp_unittest
  CXX    pcre_scanner_unittest.o
  CXXLD  pcre_scanner_unittest
  CXX    pcre_stringpiece_unittest.o
  CXXLD  pcre_stringpiece_unittest
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/pcre/pcre-8.31'
root@ubuntu:/usr/pcre/pcre-8.31# 

接著 make install 部分執行如下

make[3]: Entering directory `/usr/pcre/pcre-8.31'
ln -sf pcre_assign_jit_stack.3           /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_assign_jit_stack.3
ln -sf pcre_compile.3                    /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_compile.3
ln -sf pcre_compile2.3                   /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_compile2.3
ln -sf pcre_config.3                     /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_config.3
ln -sf pcre_copy_named_substring.3       /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_copy_named_substring.3
ln -sf pcre_copy_substring.3             /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_copy_substring.3
ln -sf pcre_dfa_exec.3                   /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_dfa_exec.3
ln -sf pcre_exec.3                       /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_exec.3
ln -sf pcre_free_study.3                 /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_free_study.3
ln -sf pcre_free_substring.3             /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_free_substring.3
ln -sf pcre_free_substring_list.3        /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_free_substring_list.3
ln -sf pcre_fullinfo.3                   /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_fullinfo.3
ln -sf pcre_get_named_substring.3        /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_get_named_substring.3
ln -sf pcre_get_stringnumber.3           /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_get_stringnumber.3
ln -sf pcre_get_stringtable_entries.3    /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_get_stringtable_entries.3
ln -sf pcre_get_substring.3              /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_get_substring.3
ln -sf pcre_get_substring_list.3         /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_get_substring_list.3
ln -sf pcre_jit_stack_alloc.3            /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_jit_stack_alloc.3
ln -sf pcre_jit_stack_free.3             /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_jit_stack_free.3
ln -sf pcre_maketables.3                 /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_maketables.3
ln -sf pcre_pattern_to_host_byte_order.3 /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_pattern_to_host_byte_order.3
ln -sf pcre_refcount.3                   /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_refcount.3
ln -sf pcre_study.3                      /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_study.3
ln -sf pcre_utf16_to_host_byte_order.3   /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_utf16_to_host_byte_order.3
ln -sf pcre_version.3                    /usr/local/share/man/man3/pcre16_version.3
make[3]: Leaving directory `/usr/pcre/pcre-8.31'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/pcre/pcre-8.31'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/pcre/pcre-8.31'
[email protected]:/usr/pcre/pcre-8.31# 

完成 ，接著來裝 nginx。我的nginx是1.8.1版本的下載地址點選here
執行./configure 命令發現報錯了

checking for OS
 + SunOS 5.10 sun4v
checking for C compiler ... not found

可是我明明安裝了gcc啊，不要急 將環境變數檔案 /etc/profile中加入
CC=gcc
export CC
重啟 或者 source /etc/profile即可
再次執行./configure 關於configure 的引數可以執行 ./configure -help檢視 如果執行過後 報錯 找不到 PCRE library 和 OpenSSL library 庫 ， PCRE library not found,OpenSSL library not found 可以執行 ./configure –with-pcre=/(pcre的原始碼包) –with-openssl=/(openssl原始碼包) 注意如果安裝沒有問題 直接執行./configure 就好了 openssl library 並不是必須的，但是沒有 pcre library 就必須指定–with-pcre=/(pcre的原始碼包)

執行./configure –with-pcre=/(原始碼包路徑) –with-openssl=/(onpenssl原始碼包路徑) 部分程式碼如下

[email protected]:/usr/nginx/nginx-1.8.1# ./configure 
checking for OS
 + Linux 3.13.0-32-generic x86_64
checking for C compiler ... found
 + using GNU C compiler
 + gcc version: 4.8.4 (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.3) 
checking for gcc -pipe switch ... found
checking for gcc builtin atomic operations ... found
checking for C99 variadic macros ... found
checking for gcc variadic macros ... found

checking for md5 in system md library ... not found
checking for md5 in system md5 library ... not found
checking for md5 in system OpenSSL crypto library ... not found
checking for sha1 in system md library ... not found
checking for sha1 in system OpenSSL crypto library ... not found
checking for zlib library ... found
creating objs/Makefile

Configuration summary
  + using system PCRE library
  + using OpenSSL library is not used
  + using builtin md5 code
  + sha1 library is not found
  + using system zlib library

  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
  nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
  nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
  nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

[email protected]:/usr/nginx/nginx-1.8.1#

執行make 部分程式碼如下

make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/nginx/nginx-1.8.1'
make -f objs/Makefile manpage
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/nginx/nginx-1.8.1'
sed -e "s|%%PREFIX%%|/usr/local/nginx|" \
                -e "s|%%PID_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid|" \
                -e "s|%%CONF_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf|" \
                -e "s|%%ERROR_LOG_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log|" \
                < man/nginx.8 > objs/nginx.8
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/nginx/nginx-1.8.1'
[email protected]:/usr/nginx/nginx-1.8.1# 

執行 make install 成功 啟動nginx服務

root@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx/sbin# ls 
nginx
root@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx/sbin# ./nginx 
root@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx/sbin# ps aux | grep nginx
root      3179  0.1  0.0  22348   596 ?        Ss   15:37   0:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody    3180  0.0  0.0  22780   988 ?        S    15:37   0:00 nginx: worker process
root      3183  0.0  0.0   8864   644 pts/11   S+   15:37   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
root@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx/sbin# 

3179是nginx主程序的程序id，3180是nginx工作程序的程序id

啟動成功 通過 瀏覽器檢視一下
安裝成功

停止nginx
方式1，快速停止：
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx -s stop
此方式相當於先查出nginx程序id再使用kill命令強制殺掉程序。

方式2，完整停止(建議使用)：
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx -s quit
此方式停止步驟是待nginx程序處理任務完畢進行停止。

重啟nginx
方式1，先停止再啟動（建議使用）：
對nginx進行重啟相當於先停止nginx再啟動nginx，即先執行停止命令再執行啟動命令。
如下：
./nginx -s quit
./nginx

方式2，重新載入配置檔案：
當nginx的配置檔案nginx.conf修改後，要想讓配置生效需要重啟nginx，使用-s reload不用先停止nginx再啟動nginx即可將配置資訊在nginx中生效，如下：
./nginx -s reload
開機啟動nginx
vi /etc/rc.local
加入一行 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 儲存並退出，下次重啟會生效。