MySQL死鎖分析及解決的方法--例子
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5、死鎖舉例分析
在MySQL中，行級鎖並不是直接鎖記錄，而是鎖索引。索引分為主鍵索引和非主鍵索引兩種，如果一條sql語句操作了主鍵索引，MySQL就會鎖定這條主鍵索引;如果一條語句操作了非主鍵索引，MySQL會先鎖定該非主鍵索引，再鎖定相關的主鍵索引。
在UPDATE、DELETE操作時，MySQL不僅鎖定WHERE條件掃描過的所有索引記錄，而且會鎖定相鄰的鍵值，即所謂的next-key locking。
例如，一個表db。tab_test，結構如下：
id：主鍵;
state：狀態;
time：時間;
索引：idx_1(state，time)
出現死鎖日誌如下：
?***(1) TRANSACTION:
?TRANSACTION 0 677833455, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11393, OSthread id 278546 starting index read
?mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
?LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 320
?MySQL thread id 83, query id 162348740 dcnet03 dcnet Searching rows for update
?update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute) (任務1的sql語句)
?***(1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: (任務1等待的索引記錄)
?RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 849384 n bits 208 index `PRIMARY` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833455 _mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
?Record lock, heap no 92 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 11; compact format; info bits 0
?0: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;; 1: len 6; hex 00002866eaee; asc (f ;; 2: len 7; hex 00000d40040110; asc @ ;; 3: len 8; hex 80000000000050b2; asc P ;; 4: len 8; hex 800000000000502a; asc P*;; 5: len 8; hex 8000000000005426; asc T&;; 6: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 7: len 23; hex 75706c6f6164666972652e636f6d2f6 8616e642e706870; asc xxx.com/;; 8: len 8; hex 800000000000042b; asc +;; 9: len 4; hex 474bfa2b; asc GK +;; 10: len 8; hex 8000000000004e24; asc N$;;
?*** (2) TRANSACTION:
?TRANSACTION 0 677833454, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11397, OS thread id 344086 updating or deleting, thread declared inside InnoDB 499
?mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
?3 lock struct(s), heap size 320, undo log entries 1
?MySQL thread id 84, query id 162348739 dcnet03 dcnet Updating update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180) (任務2的sql語句)
?*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S): (任務2已獲得的鎖)
?RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 849384 n bits 208 index `PRIMARY` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833454 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap
?Record lock, heap no 92 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 11; compact format; info bits 0
?0: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;; 1: len 6; hex 00002866eaee; asc (f ;; 2: len 7; hex 00000d40040110; asc @ ;; 3: len 8; hex 80000000000050b2; asc P ;; 4: len 8; hex 800000000000502a; asc P*;; 5: len 8; hex 8000000000005426; asc T&;; 6: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 7: len 23; hex 75706c6f6164666972652e636f6d2f6 8616e642e706870; asc uploadfire.com/hand.php;; 8: len 8; hex 800000000000042b; asc +;; 9: len 4; hex 474bfa2b; asc GK +;; 10: len 8; hex 8000000000004e24; asc N$;;
?*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: (任務2等待的鎖)
?RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 843102 n bits 600 index `idx_1` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833454 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
?Record lock, heap no 395 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 3; compact format; info bits 0
?0: len 8; hex 8000000000000425; asc %;; 1: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 2: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;;
?*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (1)
?(回滾了任務1，以解除死鎖)
原因分析：
當“update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute)”執行時，MySQL會使用idx_1索引，因此首先鎖定相關的索引記錄，因為idx_1是非主鍵索引，為執行該語句，MySQL還會鎖定主鍵索引。
假設“update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180)”幾乎同時執行時，本語句首先鎖定主鍵索引，由於需要更新state的值，所以還需要鎖定idx_1的某些索引記錄。
這樣第一條語句鎖定了idx_1的記錄，等待主鍵索引，而第二條語句則鎖定了主鍵索引記錄，而等待idx_1的記錄，這樣死鎖就產生了。
6、解決辦法
拆分第一條sql，先查出符合條件的主鍵值，再按照主鍵更新記錄：
?select id from tab_test where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute);
?update tab_test state=1064,time=now() where id in(......);
關於MySQL死鎖問題的例項分析及解決方法就介紹到這裡了，希望本次的介紹能夠對您有所收穫