Android之設定EditText輸入型別(setInputType()方法和android:inputType屬性)
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-26
在Android開發過程中，我們經常使用到EditText控制元件，並且會根據各種需求設定它的輸入型別。設定EditText輸入型別主要有兩種方法，一種是使用EditText的setInputType()方法，另一種是在佈局檔案中使用android:inputType屬性來設定。
下面將介紹這兩種方法：
（1）使用EditText的setInputType()方法設定輸入型別：
EditText editText;
//輸入型別為沒有指定明確的型別的特殊內容型別
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NULL);
//輸入型別為普通文字
editText.setInputType 下面是幾個簡單的例子：
/**
* 第一個例子：對使用者可見的密碼欄位
*/
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_TEXT |
InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD);
/**
* 第二個例子：具有自動大寫的多行郵寄地址
*/
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_TEXT |
InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_POSTAL_ADDRESS |
InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_MULTI_LINE);
/**
* 第三個例子：一個時間欄位
*/
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME |
InputType.TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME);在本文的後續，將會附上Android原始碼中的InputType.java。
（2）在佈局檔案中使用android:inputType屬性來設定：
//輸入型別為沒有指定明確的型別的特殊內容型別
android:inputType="none"
//輸入型別為普通文字
android:inputType="text"
//輸入型別為數字文字
android:inputType="number"
//輸入型別為電話號碼
android:inputType=”phone”
//輸入型別為日期和時間
android:inputType=”datetime”
//輸入型別為{@link#TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}的預設變化值，只允許輸入一個日期。
android:inputType=”date”
//輸入型別為{@link#TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}的預設變化值，只允許輸入一個時間。
android:inputType=”time”
//輸入型別為小數數字，允許十進位制小數點提供分數值。
android:inputType="numberDecimal"
//輸入型別為數字是帶符號的，允許在開頭帶正號或者負號
android:inputType="numberSigned"
//輸入型別為數字密碼
android:inputType="numberPassword"
//輸入型別為自動完成文字型別
android:inputType="textAutoComplete"
//輸入型別為自動糾正文字型別
android:inputType="textAutoCorrect"
//輸入型別為所有字元大寫
android:inputType="textCapCharacters"
//輸入型別為每句的第一個字元大寫
android:inputType="textCapSentences"
//輸入型別為每個單詞的第一個字母大寫
android:inputType="textCapWords"
//輸入法多行文字
android:inputType="textImeMultiLine"
//進行輸入時，輸入法無提示
android:inputType="textNoSuggestions"
//輸入一個短的，可能是非正式的訊息，如即時訊息或簡訊。
android:inputType="textShortMessage"
//輸入長內容，可能是正式的訊息內容，比如電子郵件的主體
android:inputType="textLongMessage"
//輸入文字以過濾列表等內容
android:inputType="textFilter"
//輸入一個電子郵件地址
android:inputType="textEmailAddress"
//輸入電子郵件主題行
android:inputType="textEmailSubject"
//輸入一個密碼
android:inputType="textPassword"
//輸入對使用者可見的密碼
android:inputType="textVisiblePassword"
//輸入人的姓名
android:inputType="textPersonName"
//輸入郵寄地址
android:inputType="textPostalAddress"
//輸入語音發音輸入文字，如聯絡人拼音名稱欄位
android:inputType="textPhonetic"
//輸入URI
android:inputType="textUri"
//輸入網頁表單中的文字
android:inputType="textWebEditText"
//輸入網頁表單中的郵件地址
android:inputType="textWebEmailAddress"
//輸入網頁表單中的密碼
android:inputType="textWebPassword"最後，附上上Android原始碼中的InputType.java：
/*
* Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package android.text;
import android.text.TextUtils;
/**
* Bit definitions for an integer defining the basic content type of text
* held in an {@link Editable} object. Supported classes may be combined
* with variations and flags to indicate desired behaviors.
*
* <h3>Examples</h3>
*
* <dl>
* <dt>A password field with with the password visible to the user:
* <dd>inputType = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT |
* TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD
*
* <dt>A multi-line postal address with automatic capitalization:
* <dd>inputType = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT |
* TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_POSTAL_ADDRESS |
* TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_MULTI_LINE
*
* <dt>A time field:
* <dd>inputType = TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME |
* TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME
* </dl>
*/
public interface InputType {
/**
* Mask of bits that determine the overall class
* of text being given. Currently supported classes are:
* {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}, {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER},
* {@link #TYPE_CLASS_PHONE}, {@link #TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}.
* <p>IME authors: If the class is not one you
* understand, assume {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT} with NO variation
* or flags.<p>
*/
public static final int TYPE_MASK_CLASS = 0x0000000f;
/**
* Mask of bits that determine the variation of
* the base content class.
*/
public static final int TYPE_MASK_VARIATION = 0x00000ff0;
/**
* Mask of bits that provide addition bit flags
* of options.
*/
public static final int TYPE_MASK_FLAGS = 0x00fff000;
/**
* Special content type for when no explicit type has been specified.
* This should be interpreted to mean that the target input connection
* is not rich, it can not process and show things like candidate text nor
* retrieve the current text, so the input method will need to run in a
* limited "generate key events" mode, if it supports it. Note that some
* input methods may not support it, for example a voice-based input
* method will likely not be able to generate key events even if this
* flag is set.
*/
public static final int TYPE_NULL = 0x00000000;
/**
* Class for normal text. This class supports the following flags (only
* one of which should be set):
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_CHARACTERS},
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_WORDS}, and.
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES}. It also supports the
* following variations:
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_NORMAL}, and
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_URI}. If you do not recognize the
* variation, normal should be assumed.
*/
public static final int TYPE_CLASS_TEXT = 0x00000001;
/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: capitalize all characters. Overrides
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_WORDS} and
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES}. This value is explicitly defined
* to be the same as {@link TextUtils#CAP_MODE_CHARACTERS}. Of course,
* this only affects languages where there are upper-case and lower-case letters.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_CHARACTERS = 0x00001000;
/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: capitalize the first character of
* every word. Overrides {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES}. This
* value is explicitly defined
* to be the same as {@link TextUtils#CAP_MODE_WORDS}. Of course,
* this only affects languages where there are upper-case and lower-case letters.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_WORDS = 0x00002000;
/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: capitalize the first character of
* each sentence. This value is explicitly defined
* to be the same as {@link TextUtils#CAP_MODE_SENTENCES}. For example
* in English it means to capitalize after a period and a space (note that other
* languages may have different characters for period, or not use spaces,
* or use different grammatical rules). Of course,
* this only affects languages where there are upper-case and lower-case letters.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES = 0x00004000;
/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: the user is entering free-form
* text that should have auto-correction applied to it. Without this flag,
* the IME will not try to correct typos. You should always set this flag
* unless you really expect users to type non-words in this field, for
* example to choose a name for a character in a game.
* Contrast this with {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE} and
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS}:
* {@code TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} means that the IME will try to
* auto-correct typos as the user is typing, but does not define whether
* the IME offers an interface to show suggestions.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT = 0x00008000;
/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: the text editor (which means
* the application) is performing auto-completion of the text being entered
* based on its own semantics, which it will present to the user as they type.
* This generally means that the input method should not be showing
* candidates itself, but can expect the editor to supply its own
* completions/candidates from
* {@link android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodSession#displayCompletions
* InputMethodSession.displayCompletions()} as a result of the editor calling
* {@link android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager#displayCompletions
* InputMethodManager.displayCompletions()}.
* Note the contrast with {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} and
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS}:
* {@code TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE} means the editor should show an
* interface for displaying suggestions, but instead of supplying its own
* it will rely on the Editor to pass completions/corrections.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE = 0x00010000;
/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: multiple lines of text can be
* entered into the field. If this flag is not set, the text field
* will be constrained to a single line. The IME may also choose not to
* display an enter key when this flag is not set, as there should be no
* need to create new lines.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_MULTI_LINE = 0x00020000;
/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: the regular text view associated
* with this should not be multi-line, but when a fullscreen input method
* is providing text it should use multiple lines if it can.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_IME_MULTI_LINE = 0x00040000;
/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: the input method does not need to
* display any dictionary-based candidates. This is useful for text views that
* do not contain words from the language and do not benefit from any
* dictionary-based completions or corrections. It overrides the
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} value when set.
* Please avoid using this unless you are certain this is what you want.
* Many input methods need suggestions to work well, for example the ones
* based on gesture typing. Consider clearing
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} instead if you just do not
* want the IME to correct typos.
* Note the contrast with {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} and
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE}:
* {@code TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS} means the IME should never
* show an interface to display suggestions. Most IMEs will also take this to
* mean they should not try to auto-correct what the user is typing.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS = 0x00080000;
/**
* Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: plain old normal text.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_NORMAL = 0x00000000;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a URI.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_URI = 0x00000010;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering an e-mail address.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS = 0x00000020;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering the subject line of
* an e-mail.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_SUBJECT = 0x00000030;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a short, possibly informal
* message such as an instant message or a text message.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_SHORT_MESSAGE = 0x00000040;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering the content of a long, possibly
* formal message such as the body of an e-mail.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_LONG_MESSAGE = 0x00000050;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering the name of a person.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PERSON_NAME = 0x00000060;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a postal mailing address.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_POSTAL_ADDRESS = 0x00000070;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a password.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD = 0x00000080;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a password, which should
* be visible to the user.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD = 0x00000090;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering text inside of a web form.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_EDIT_TEXT = 0x000000a0;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering text to filter contents
* of a list etc.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_FILTER = 0x000000b0;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering text for phonetic
* pronunciation, such as a phonetic name field in contacts. This is mostly
* useful for languages where one spelling may have several phonetic
* readings, like Japanese.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PHONETIC = 0x000000c0;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering e-mail address inside
* of a web form. This was added in
* {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}. An IME must target
* this API version or later to see this input type; if it doesn't, a request
* for this type will be seen as {@link #TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS}
* when passed through {@link android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo#makeCompatible(int)
* EditorInfo.makeCompatible(int)}.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_EMAIL_ADDRESS = 0x000000d0;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering password inside
* of a web form. This was added in
* {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}. An IME must target
* this API version or later to see this input type; if it doesn't, a request
* for this type will be seen as {@link #TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD}
* when passed through {@link android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo#makeCompatible(int)
* EditorInfo.makeCompatible(int)}.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_PASSWORD = 0x000000e0;
/**
* Class for numeric text. This class supports the following flags:
* {@link #TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED} and
* {@link #TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL}. It also supports the following
* variations: {@link #TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_NORMAL} and
* {@link #TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_PASSWORD}.
* <p>IME authors: If you do not recognize
* the variation, normal should be assumed.</p>
*/
public static final int TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER = 0x00000002;
/**
* Flag of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}: the number is signed, allowing
* a positive or negative sign at the start.
*/
public static final int TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED = 0x00001000;
/**
* Flag of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}: the number is decimal, allowing
* a decimal point to provide fractional values.
*/
public static final int TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL = 0x00002000;
/**
* Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}: plain normal
* numeric text. This was added in
* {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}. An IME must target
* this API version or later to see this input type; if it doesn't, a request
* for this type will be dropped when passed through
* {@link android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo#makeCompatible(int)
* EditorInfo.makeCompatible(int)}.
*/
public static final int TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_NORMAL = 0x00000000;
/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}: entering a numeric password.
* This was added in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}. An
* IME must target this API version or later to see this input type; if it
* doesn't, a request for this type will be dropped when passed
* through {@link android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo#makeCompatible(int)
* EditorInfo.makeCompatible(int)}.
*/
public static final int TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_PASSWORD = 0x00000010;
/**
* Class for a phone number. This class currently supports no variations
* or flags.
*/
public static final int TYPE_CLASS_PHONE = 0x00000003;
/**
* Class for dates and times. It supports the
* following variations:
* {@link #TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_NORMAL}
* {@link #TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_DATE}, and
* {@link #TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME}.
*/
public static final int TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME = 0x00000004;
/**
* Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}: allows entering
* both a date and time.
*/
public static final int TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_NORMAL = 0x00000000;
/**
* Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}: allows entering
* only a date.
*/
public static final int TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_DATE = 0x00000010;
/**
* Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}: allows entering
* only a time.
*/
public static final int TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME = 0x00000020;
}