Git命令操作(一)
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-26
1.建立內容
下面建立一些檔案，它們會被放到版本控制之中
#Switch to homecd ~/# Create a directorymkdir ~/repo01# Switch into itcd repo01# Create a new directorymkdir datafiles# Create a few filestouch test01touch test02touch test03touch datafiles/data.txt# Put a little text into the first filels >test012. 建立倉庫、新增檔案和提交更改
每個Git倉庫都是放置在.git資料夾下.這個目錄包含了倉庫的所有歷史記錄，.git/config檔案包含了倉庫的本地配置。
以下將會建立一個Git倉庫，新增檔案倒倉庫的索引中，提交更改。
# Initialize the local Git repositorygit init# Add all (files and directories) to the Git repositorygit add .# Make a commit of your file to the local repositorygit commit -m "Initial commit"# Show the log filegit log3. diff命令與commit更改
通過git diff命令，使用者可以檢視更改。通過改變一個檔案的內容，看看git diff命令輸出什麼，然後提交這個更改到倉庫中
echo "This is a change" > test01
echo "and this is another change" > test02# Check the changes via the diff command git diff# Commit the changes, -a will commit changes for modified files# but will not add automatically new filesgit commit -a -m "These are new changes"
4. Status, Diff 和 Commit Log
下面會向你展示倉庫現有的狀態以及過往的提交歷史
# Make some changes in the fileecho "This is a new change" > test01echo "and this is another new change" > test02# See the current status of your repository # (which files are changed / new / deleted)git status# Show the differences between the uncommitted files # and the last commit in the current branchgit diff# Add the changes to the index and commitgit add . && git commit -m "More chaanges - typo in the commit message"# Show the history of commits in the current branchgit log# This starts a nice graphical view of the changesgitk --all5. 更正提交的資訊 - git amend
通過git amend命令，我們可以修改最後提交的的資訊
上述的提交資訊中存在錯誤，下面會修改這個錯誤
git commit --amend -m "More changes - now correct"6. 刪除檔案
如果你刪除了一個在版本控制之下的檔案，那麼使用git add .不會在索引中刪除這個檔案。需要通過帶-a選項的git commit命令和-A選項的git add命令來完成
# Create a file and put it under version controltouch nonsense.txtgit add . && git commit -m "a new file has been created"# Remove the filerm nonsense.txt# Try standard way of committing -> will not work git add . && git commit -m "a new file has been created"# Now commit with the -a flaggit commit -a -m "File nonsense.txt is now removed"# Alternatively you could add deleted files to the staging index viagit add -A . git commit -m "File nonsense.txt is now removed"