微信公眾號開發之調起微信掃一掃介面
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-27
參考微信JS-SDK說明文件 看到網上很多都說微信的說明文件很坑,在我看來,仔細閱讀的話,介紹還是很全的。
1.首先在JSP頁面引入http://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.1.0.js
2.通過config介面注入許可權驗證配置
wx.config({ debug: true, // 開啟除錯模式,呼叫的所有api的返回值會在客戶端alert出來,若要檢視傳入的引數,可以在pc端開啟,引數資訊會通過log打出,僅在pc端時才會列印。 appId: '', // 必填,企業號的唯一標識,此處填寫企業號corpid timestamp: , // 必填,生成簽名的時間戳 nonceStr: '', // 必填,生成簽名的隨機串 signature: '',// 必填,簽名,見附錄1 jsApiList: [] // 必填,需要使用的JS介面列表,所有JS介面列表見附錄2 });
3.通過ready介面處理成功驗證
wx.ready(function(){
// config資訊驗證後會執行ready方法,所有介面呼叫都必須在config介面獲得結果之後,config是一個客戶端的非同步操作,所以如果需要在頁面載入時就呼叫相關介面,則須把相關介面放在ready函式中呼叫來確保正確執行。對於使用者觸發時才呼叫的介面,則可以直接呼叫,不需要放在ready函式中。
});
4.通過error介面處理失敗驗證
wx.error(function(res){ // config資訊驗證失敗會執行error函式,如簽名過期導致驗證失敗,具體錯誤資訊可以開啟config的debug模式檢視,也可以在返回的res引數中檢視,對於SPA可以在這裡更新簽名。 });
5.調起微信掃一掃
wx.scanQRCode({ desc: 'scanQRCode desc', needResult: 0, // 預設為0,掃描結果由微信處理,1則直接返回掃描結果, scanType: ["qrCode","barCode"], // 可以指定掃二維碼還是一維碼,預設二者都有 success: function (res) { // 回撥 } error: function(res){ if(res.errMsg.indexOf('function_not_exist') > 0){ alert('版本過低請升級') } } });
具體程式碼實現如下:
scanBarcode.jsp
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html lang="zh-CN">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=320.1,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://203.195.235.76/jssdk/css/style.css"/>
<script src="http://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.1.0.js"></script>
<script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../resources/css/example.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../resources/css/weui.min.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../resources/css/borrowScan.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="body_bd body_fd">
<a class="weui-btn weui-btn-primary weui-btn-zdy" id="scanQRCode1">
<p>掃描條碼</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
$.ajax({
url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/wechat/jsapisign",
type: "post",
data: {
url: location.href.split('#')[0]
},
contentType: 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8',
async: true,
success: function (data) {
wx.config({
debug: false, // 開啟除錯模式,呼叫的所有api的返回值會在客戶端alert出來,若要檢視傳入的引數,可以在pc端開啟,引數資訊會通過log打出,僅在pc端時才會列印。
appId: data.appid, // 必填,公眾號的唯一標識
timestamp: data.timestamp, // 必填,生成簽名的時間戳
nonceStr: data.nonceStr, // 必填,生成簽名的隨機串
signature: data.signature,// 必填,簽名,見附錄1
jsApiList: ["scanQRCode"] // 必填,需要使用的JS介面列表,所有JS介面列表見附錄2
});
}
});
wx.ready(function () {
// 9.1.2 掃描二維碼並返回結果
document.querySelector('#scanQRCode1').onclick = function () {
wx.scanQRCode({
needResult: 1,
desc: 'scanQRCode desc',
success: function (res) {
//掃碼後獲取結果引數賦值給Input
var url = res.resultStr;
//商品條形碼,取","後面的
if (url.indexOf(",") >= 0) {
var tempArray = url.split(',');
var barCode = tempArray[1];
window.location.href = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=${appId}&redirect_uri=${basePath}/wechat/toBookDetail?barCode=" + barCode + "&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_base&state=BINDFACE#wechat_redirect";
} else {
alert("請對準條形碼掃碼!");
}
}
});
};
});
//初始化jsapi介面 狀態
wx.error(function (res) {
alert("呼叫微信jsapi返回的狀態:" + res.errMsg);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
微信驗籤程式碼 WxController.java
/**
* 微信驗籤
* @param url
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/jsapisign", method = {RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST}, produces = MEDIATYPE_CHARSET_JSON_UTF8)
@ResponseBody
public String jsApiSign(String url) {
//新增微信js簽名信息
Map<String, String> signMap = WXJsapiticket.jsApiSign(url);
return JSON.toJSONString(signMap);
}
用到的方法類
WXJsapiticket.java
public class WXJsapiticket {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WxController.class);
/**
* 微信jsapi驗籤
* @param url
* @return
*/
public static Map<String, String> jsApiSign(String url) {
Map<String, String> ret = new HashMap<String, String>();
String nonce_str = CheckUtil.create_nonce_str();
String timestamp = CheckUtil.create_timestamp();
String jsapi_ticket = getJsApiTicket();
String string1 = CheckUtil.getString1(nonce_str,timestamp,jsapi_ticket,url);
String signature = CheckUtil.getSha1(string1);
ret.put("appid", WXConstants.APPID);//取你自己的公眾號appid
ret.put("url", url);
ret.put("jsapi_ticket", jsapi_ticket);
ret.put("nonceStr", nonce_str);
ret.put("timestamp", timestamp);
ret.put("signature", signature);
logger.info("jsApiSign------url=" + url + "-----jsapi_ticket=" + jsapi_ticket + "--------nonceStr=" + nonce_str + "--------timestamp=" + timestamp + "-------signature=" + signature);
return ret;
}
public static String getJsApiTicket(){
Map<String,Object> map = JsApiTicketCache.getInstance().getJsApiTicketAndExpiresIn();
return (String) map.get("jsapi_ticket");
}
}
CheckUtil.java
public class CheckUtil {
public static final String token = "xiaodou"; //開發者自行定義Token
/**
* 對所有待簽名引數按照欄位名的ASCII 碼從小到大排序(字典序)後,使用URL鍵值對的格式 (即 key1=value1&key2=value2…)拼接成字串string1
* @param nonce_str
* @param timestamp
* @param jsapi_ticket
* @param url
* @return
*/
public static String getString1(String nonce_str,String timestamp,String jsapi_ticket,String url){
//1.定義陣列存放nonce_str,timestamp,jsapi_ticket,url
String[] arr = {"noncestr="+nonce_str,"timestamp="+timestamp,"jsapi_ticket="+jsapi_ticket,"url="+url};
//2.對陣列進行排序
Arrays.sort(arr);
//3.生成字串
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for(String s : arr){
sb.append(s);
sb.append("&");
}
sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length()-1);
return sb.toString();
}
public static String getSha1(String str){
if(str==null||str.length()==0){
return null;
}
char hexDigits[] = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9',
'a','b','c','d','e','f'};
try {
MessageDigest mdTemp = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
mdTemp.update(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));
byte[] md = mdTemp.digest();
int j = md.length;
char buf[] = new char[j*2];
int k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
byte byte0 = md[i];
buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];
buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];
}
return new String(buf);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
return null;
}
}
public static String create_nonce_str() {
return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
}
public static String create_timestamp() {
return Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000);
}
}
JsApiTicketCatch.java(對jsapi_ticket的快取可自行設定,redis或者存到資料庫都是可行的)
/**
* 快取ticket
*/
public class JsApiTicketCache {
//快取jsapi_ticket的Map,map中包含jsapiTicket,expiresIn和快取的時間戳time
private Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
private static JsApiTicketCache jsApiTicketCache = null;
private JsApiTicketCache() { }
// 靜態工廠方法
public static JsApiTicketCache getInstance() {
if (jsApiTicketCache == null) {
jsApiTicketCache = new JsApiTicketCache();
}
return jsApiTicketCache;
}
public Map<String, String> getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {
this.map = map;
}
/**
* 獲取 jsapi_ticket expires_in
* @return
*/
public Map<String,Object> getJsApiTicketAndExpiresIn() {
Map<String,Object> result = new HashMap<String,Object>();
JsApiTicketCache jsApiTicketCache = JsApiTicketCache.getInstance();
Map<String, String> map = jsApiTicketCache.getMap();
String time = map.get("time");
String jsapiTicket = map.get("jsapi_ticket");
String expiresIn = map.get("expires_in");
Long nowDate = new Date().getTime();
if (jsapiTicket != null && time != null && expiresIn!=null) {
//這裡設定過期時間為微信規定的過期時間減去5分鐘
int outTime = (Integer.parseInt(expiresIn)-300) * 1000;
if (nowDate - Long.parseLong(time) < outTime) {
System.out.println("-----從快取讀取jsapi_ticket:" + jsapiTicket);
//從快取中拿資料為返回結果賦值
result.put("jsapi_ticket", jsapiTicket);
result.put("expires_in", expiresIn);
}
} else {
JsapiTicket info = WeiXinUtil.getjsapiTicket();//實際中這裡要改為你自己呼叫微信介面去獲取jsapi_ticket和expires_in
System.out.println("-----通過呼叫微信介面獲取jsapi_ticket:" + info.getJsapiTicket());
//將資訊放置快取中
map.put("time", nowDate + "");
map.put("jsapi_ticket", info.getJsapiTicket());
map.put("expires_in", info.getExpiresIn()+"");
//為返回結果賦值
result.put("jsapi_ticket", info.getJsapiTicket());
result.put("expires_in", info.getExpiresIn());
}
return result;
}
}
WeiXinUtil.java
jsapi_ticket_url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&type=jsapi";//GET方式請求獲得jsapi_ticket
/**
* 獲取jsapi_ticket
* @return
*/
public static JsapiTicket getjsapiTicket() {
JsapiTicket jsapiTicket = null ;
String accessToken = (String) AccessTokenCache.getInstance().getAcessTokenAndExpiresIn().get("access_token");
String requestUrl = WXConstants.jsapi_ticket_url.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken);
JSONObject jsonObject = httpRequest(requestUrl, "GET", null);
// 如果請求成功
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
jsapiTicket = new JsapiTicket();
jsapiTicket.setJsapiTicket(jsonObject.getString("ticket"));
jsapiTicket.setExpiresIn(jsonObject.getInt("expires_in"));
} catch (JSONException e) {
jsapiTicket = null;
// 獲取token失敗
log.error("獲取ticket失敗 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInt("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
}
}
return jsapiTicket;
}
JsapiTicket.java
public class JsapiTicket {
private String id;
private String jsapiTicket;
private int expiresIn;
public String getJsapiTicket() {
return jsapiTicket;
}
public void setJsapiTicket(String jsapiTicket) {
this.jsapiTicket = jsapiTicket;
}
public int getExpiresIn() {
return expiresIn;
}
public void setExpiresIn(int expiresIn) {
this.expiresIn = expiresIn;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
在這裡總結一下開發中需要注意的地方(我遇到的坑):
1.確認url是頁面完整的url(請在當前頁面alert(location.href.split('#')[0])確認),包括'http(s)://'部分,以及'?'後面的GET引數部分,但不包括'#'hash後面的部分。
2.在生成string1時,拼接的引數均為小寫,特別注意noncestr,而在jsp頁面中為nonceStr(所有的引數一定要根據微信介面中的定義,否則會導致驗籤失敗)。