C++ 11 thread 執行緒管理
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-28
std::thread 在 <thread> 標頭檔案中宣告,因此使用 std::thread 時需要包含 <thread> 標頭檔案。
std::thread 構造
default (1) | thread() noexcept; |
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initialization (2) | template <class Fn, class... Args> explicit thread (Fn&& fn, Args&&... args); |
copy [deleted] (3) | thread (const thread&) = delete; |
move (4) | thread (thread&& x) noexcept; |
- (1). 預設建構函式,建立一個空的 thread 執行物件。
- (2). 初始化建構函式,建立一個 thread物件,該 thread物件可被 joinable,新產生的執行緒會呼叫 fn 函式,該函式的引數由 args 給出。
- (3). 拷貝建構函式(被禁用),意味著 thread 不可被拷貝構造。
- (4). move 建構函式,move 建構函式,呼叫成功之後 x 不代表任何 thread 執行物件。
- 注意:可被 joinable 的 thread 物件必須在他們銷燬之前被主執行緒 join 或者將其設定為 detached.
std::thread 各種建構函式例子如下(參考):
#include <iostream> #include <utility> #include <thread> #include <chrono> #include <functional> #include <atomic> void f1(int n) { for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { std::cout << "Thread " << n << " executing\n"; std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10)); } } void f2(int& n) { for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { std::cout << "Thread 2 executing\n"; ++n; std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10)); } } int main() { int n = 0; std::thread t1; // t1 is not a thread std::thread t2(f1, n + 1); // pass by value std::thread t3(f2, std::ref(n)); // pass by reference std::thread t4(std::move(t3)); // t4 is now running f2(). t3 is no longer a thread t2.join(); t4.join(); std::cout << "Final value of n is " << n << '\n'; }
move 賦值操作
move (1) | thread& operator= (thread&& rhs) noexcept; |
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copy [deleted] (2) | thread& operator= (const thread&) = delete; |
- (1). move 賦值操作,如果當前物件不可 joinable,需要傳遞一個右值引用(rhs)給 move 賦值操作;如果當前物件可被 joinable,則 terminate() 報錯。
- (2). 拷貝賦值操作被禁用,thread 物件不可被拷貝。
請看下面的例子:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <chrono> // std::chrono::seconds #include <iostream> // std::cout #include <thread> // std::thread, std::this_thread::sleep_for void thread_task(int n) { std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(n)); std::cout << "hello thread " << std::this_thread::get_id() << " paused " << n << " seconds" << std::endl; } /* * === FUNCTION ========================================================= * Name: main * Description: program entry routine. * ======================================================================== */ int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { std::thread threads[5]; std::cout << "Spawning 5 threads...\n"; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { threads[i] = std::thread(thread_task, i + 1); } std::cout << "Done spawning threads! Now wait for them to join\n"; for (auto& t: threads) { t.join(); } std::cout << "All threads joined.\n"; return EXIT_SUCCESS; } /* ---------- end of function main ---------- */
其他成員函式
- 獲取執行緒 ID。
- 檢查執行緒是否可被 join。
- Join 執行緒。
- Detach 執行緒
- Swap 執行緒 。
- 返回 native handle。
- 檢測硬體併發特性。