Linux 下Oracle 手工create database 指令碼和步驟
原來一直用dbca來建立資料庫，雖然方便，但有些引數就沒有辦法指定 ，所以這次參照網上的資料，整理了一個linux 下手工建立資料庫的指令碼，步驟如下：（只有這樣，才可以批量初始化，建立資料庫，不然就圖形介面的，要大規模的部署，還是有受限制的）
1 設定環境變數 ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/dbs
ORACLE_SID=center
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/BIN
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACEL_SID
export PATH NLS_LANG
2 系統規劃 db_name=center oracle_sid=center
3 手工建立目錄
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/center/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/center/bdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/center/cdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/center/dpdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/center/pfile
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/center/udump
mkdir -p /u02/oradata/center/
mkdir -p /u02/oradata/center/archive
4建立密碼檔案：
orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwd_center password=zdsoft
5---修改引數檔案：
例項：/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbs/initcenter.ora
---------------------------------------------------
center.__db_cache_size=331350016
center.__java_pool_size=4194304
center.__large_pool_size=8388608
center.__shared_pool_size=138412032
center.__streams_pool_size=0
*._kgl_large_heap_warning_threshold=8388608
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/center/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/center/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/admin/center/control01.ctl','/u02/oradata/center/control02.ctl','/u02/oradata/center/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/center/cdump'
*.db_2k_cache_size=33554432
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=128
*.db_files=4000
*.db_name='center'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4294967296
*.db_recovery_file_dest=''
*.log_archive_dest='/u02/oradata/center/archive'
*.log_checkpoints_to_alert=FALSE
*.open_cursors=300
*.parallel_execution_message_size=65535
*.parallel_max_servers=128
*.pga_aggregate_target=209715200
*.processes=150
*.recyclebin='ON'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.replication_dependency_tracking=FALSE
*.session_cached_cursors=100
*.sga_target=500m
*.shared_pool_size=100m
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_retention=0
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTS'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/center/udump'
*.workarea_size_policy='AUTO'
_allow_resetlogs_corruption=true
---------------------------------------------------
可將此檔案複製到：/u01/app/oracle/admin/center/pfile/initcenter.ora
6--- 登陸oracle：
> sqlplus / as sysdba
7--- 啟動例項：
SQL> startup nomount pfile=/u01/app/oracle/admin/center/pfile/initcenter.ora
8--- 建立資料庫的指令碼：
-----------------------------------------------------------
CREATE DATABASE center
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ('/u02/oradata/center/redo01.log','/u02/oradata/center/redo01_1.log') size 500m reuse,
GROUP 2 ('/u02/oradata/center/redo02.log','/u02/oradata/center/redo02_1.log') size 500m reuse,
GROUP 3 ('/u02/oradata/center/redo03.log','/u02/oradata/center/redo03_1.log') size 500m reuse
MAXLOGFILES 50
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 200
MAXDATAFILES 500
MAXINSTANCES 5
ARCHIVELOG
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
DATAFILE '/u02/oradata/center/system01.dbf' SIZE 1000M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u02/oradata/center/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 1000M
UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTS DATAFILE '/u02/oradata/center/undo.dbf' SIZE 500M
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '/u02/oradata/center/temp.dbf' SIZE 500M;
-----------------------------------------------------------
9--- 執行如下檔案(安照下面的先後順序)：
sql>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
sql>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
sql>conn system/manager
sql>@$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
10--- 建立相關表空間與使用者：
CREATE SMALLFILE TABLESPACE "TBS_NETDISK" DATAFILE '/u02/oradata/center/netdisk01.dbf' SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 250M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED LOGGING EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
CREATE SMALLFILE TABLESPACE "TBS_CENTER" DATAFILE '/u02/oradata/center/center01.dbf' SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 250M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED LOGGING EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
CREATE TABLESPACE TBS_INDX DATAFILE '/u02/oradata/center/indx01.dbf' SIZE 100M;
CREATE USER "ZDCENTER" PROFILE "DEFAULT" IDENTIFIED BY zdsoft DEFAULT TABLESPACE "TBS_CENTER" TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP" ACCOUNT UNLOCK
GRANT CREATE SESSION,CREATE TABLE,CONNECT,RESOURCE TO "ZDCENTER"
11--- 一點注意的地方：
1>.相關檔案的目錄要設定正確，有資料檔案，控制檔案，引數檔案等，還有就是它們的位置要與控制檔案中指定的要一致。
2>.init.ora中的undo_tablespace的名字必須要與create database的相同，包括大小寫等注意。否則很麻煩，報的錯誤你都不知道是不是在忽悠你！總之，一句話，控制檔案中的內容要和init檔案中的內容以及要和實際檔案的實際情況要相同。
3>.分析資料庫出錯可以到/u01/app/oracle/admin/center/bdump/alert_center.log中查詢。
btw: 刪除使用者和表空間的指令碼
刪除使用者
drop user user_name cascade；
刪除表空間
DROP TABLESPACE data01 INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;