[C] 讓VC、BCB支援C99的整數型別(stdint.h、inttypes.h)(相容GCC)
C99標準定義了stdint.h、inttypes.h,用於統一的跨平臺資料定義。可惜VC、BCB等編譯器對C99的相容性較差,有些版本沒有該標頭檔案。本文對此進行探討,編寫了一套相容VC、BCB、GCC的stdint.h、inttypes.h。
一、心得
1.1 檢查
先檢查一下各個編譯器對stdint.h、inttypes.h的支援情況——
VC6:stdint.h、inttypes.h都沒有。
VC2003:stdint.h、inttypes.h都沒有。
VC2005:stdint.h、inttypes.h都沒有。
VC2010:有stdint.h,沒有inttypes.h。
BCB6:有stdint.h,沒有inttypes.h。
GCC 4.7.0(Fedora 17):stdint.h、inttypes均有。
GCC 4.6.2(MinGW (20120426)):stdint.h、inttypes均有。
1.2 msinttypes
在網上搜索,發現了msinttypes,它提供了相容VC的stdint.h、inttypes.h。地址是——
http://code.google.com/p/msinttypes/
msinttypes的安裝方法——將壓縮包中的stdint.h、inttypes.h放在VC的include目錄。
我試用了一下,msinttypes基本上能解決問題,但覺得該方法有存在以下缺點——
1. 配置麻煩。如果安裝了多個版本的VC,每個目錄下都要複製一份stdint.h、inttypes.h。
2. VC版本區別。VC2010支援了stdint.h,是否還需要複製msinttypes的stdint.h呢?
3. 只支援VC平臺。msinttypes的標頭檔案用條件編譯檢查是不是VC編譯器,不允許在其他編譯器上編譯。
4. 存在一些小Bug,例如——VC6不支援“I32”長度控制字串、VC6編譯C++程式時wchar.h會報錯。
1.3 我的做法
我希望有這一套標頭檔案——自動判斷當前編譯器是否支援C99標準的stdint.h、inttypes.h,如果支援就使用編譯器的,否則使用自己來定義。
這套標頭檔案叫什麼名字呢?就叫stdint.h、inttypes.h。它們和程式原始碼放在一起,程式原始碼使用include引號方式包含這些標頭檔案。而在這些標頭檔案中,可以使用include尖括號方式包含系統的標頭檔案。(注:include尖括號方式只搜尋系統目錄中的標頭檔案。而include引號方式是優先搜尋使用者目錄,找不到時再搜尋系統目錄。)
對於主程式來說,只需將“#include <stdint.h>”改為“#include "stdint.h"”就能使這些標頭檔案生效了。而且就算使用者目錄下沒有這些標頭檔案(例如刪除了),include引號方式就會使用系統目錄中的stdint.h、inttypes.h,程式依然能成功編譯。
至於判斷當前編譯器是否支援C99標準的stdint.h、inttypes.h。可以根據編譯器的預定義巨集來判斷。
二、全部程式碼
stdint.h——
#ifndef _STDINT_H_ALL_ #define _STDINT_H_ALL_ // _STDINT_H_SYS_: 編譯器是否提供了<stdint.h> #undef _STDINT_H_SYS_ #if defined(__GNUC__) // GCC. #define _STDINT_H_SYS_ #elif defined(_MSC_VER) // MSVC. VC6至VC2005均沒有, 似乎從VC2010才支援的. #if _MSC_VER >=1600 // VC2010 #define _STDINT_H_SYS_ #endif // #if _MSC_VER >=1600 // VC2010 #elif defined(__BORLANDC__) // BCB. BCB6是支援的. #if __BORLANDC__ >=0x0560 // BCB6 #define _STDINT_H_SYS_ #endif // #if __BORLANDC__ >=0x0560 // BCB6 #else #define _INTTYPES_H_SYS_ // 假設其他編譯器支援C99. #endif // _STDINT_H_SYS_ #ifdef _STDINT_H_SYS_ // 使用編譯器提供的<stdint.h> #include <stdint.h> #else // 採用自定義的stdint.h. 參考了 msinttypes: http://code.google.com/p/msinttypes/ #ifndef _MSC_STDINT_H_ // [ #define _MSC_STDINT_H_ #include <limits.h> // For Visual Studio 6 in C++ mode and for many Visual Studio versions when // compiling for ARM we should wrap <wchar.h> include with 'extern "C++" {}' // or compiler give many errors like this: // error C2733: second C linkage of overloaded function 'wmemchr' not allowed //#ifdef __cplusplus //extern "C" { //#endif //# include <wchar.h> //#ifdef __cplusplus //} //#endif // 在VC6下測試時, 發現上面的方法會報告很多C2733錯誤. 還是直接include算了. #include <wchar.h> // Define _W64 macros to mark types changing their size, like intptr_t. #ifndef _W64 # if !defined(__midl) && (defined(_X86_) || defined(_M_IX86)) && _MSC_VER >= 1300 # define _W64 __w64 # else # define _W64 # endif #endif // 7.18.1 Integer types // 7.18.1.1 Exact-width integer types // Visual Studio 6 and Embedded Visual C++ 4 doesn't // realize that, e.g. char has the same size as __int8 // so we give up on __intX for them. #if (_MSC_VER < 1300) typedef signed char int8_t; typedef signed short int16_t; typedef signed int int32_t; typedef unsigned char uint8_t; typedef unsigned short uint16_t; typedef unsigned int uint32_t; #else typedef signed __int8 int8_t; typedef signed __int16 int16_t; typedef signed __int32 int32_t; typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t; typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t; typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t; #endif typedef signed __int64 int64_t; typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t; // 7.18.1.2 Minimum-width integer types typedef int8_t int_least8_t; typedef int16_t int_least16_t; typedef int32_t int_least32_t; typedef int64_t int_least64_t; typedef uint8_t uint_least8_t; typedef uint16_t uint_least16_t; typedef uint32_t uint_least32_t; typedef uint64_t uint_least64_t; // 7.18.1.3 Fastest minimum-width integer types typedef int8_t int_fast8_t; typedef int16_t int_fast16_t; typedef int32_t int_fast32_t; typedef int64_t int_fast64_t; typedef uint8_t uint_fast8_t; typedef uint16_t uint_fast16_t; typedef uint32_t uint_fast32_t; typedef uint64_t uint_fast64_t; // 7.18.1.4 Integer types capable of holding object pointers #ifdef _WIN64 // [ typedef signed __int64 intptr_t; typedef unsigned __int64 uintptr_t; #else // _WIN64 ][ typedef _W64 signed int intptr_t; typedef _W64 unsigned int uintptr_t; #endif // _WIN64 ] // 7.18.1.5 Greatest-width integer types typedef int64_t intmax_t; typedef uint64_t uintmax_t; // 7.18.2 Limits of specified-width integer types #if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS) // [ See footnote 220 at page 257 and footnote 221 at page 259 // 7.18.2.1 Limits of exact-width integer types #define INT8_MIN ((int8_t)_I8_MIN) #define INT8_MAX _I8_MAX #define INT16_MIN ((int16_t)_I16_MIN) #define INT16_MAX _I16_MAX #define INT32_MIN ((int32_t)_I32_MIN) #define INT32_MAX _I32_MAX #define INT64_MIN ((int64_t)_I64_MIN) #define INT64_MAX _I64_MAX #define UINT8_MAX _UI8_MAX #define UINT16_MAX _UI16_MAX #define UINT32_MAX _UI32_MAX #define UINT64_MAX _UI64_MAX // 7.18.2.2 Limits of minimum-width integer types #define INT_LEAST8_MIN INT8_MIN #define INT_LEAST8_MAX INT8_MAX #define INT_LEAST16_MIN INT16_MIN #define INT_LEAST16_MAX INT16_MAX #define INT_LEAST32_MIN INT32_MIN #define INT_LEAST32_MAX INT32_MAX #define INT_LEAST64_MIN INT64_MIN #define INT_LEAST64_MAX INT64_MAX #define UINT_LEAST8_MAX UINT8_MAX #define UINT_LEAST16_MAX UINT16_MAX #define UINT_LEAST32_MAX UINT32_MAX #define UINT_LEAST64_MAX UINT64_MAX // 7.18.2.3 Limits of fastest minimum-width integer types #define INT_FAST8_MIN INT8_MIN #define INT_FAST8_MAX INT8_MAX #define INT_FAST16_MIN INT16_MIN #define INT_FAST16_MAX INT16_MAX #define INT_FAST32_MIN INT32_MIN #define INT_FAST32_MAX INT32_MAX #define INT_FAST64_MIN INT64_MIN #define INT_FAST64_MAX INT64_MAX #define UINT_FAST8_MAX UINT8_MAX #define UINT_FAST16_MAX UINT16_MAX #define UINT_FAST32_MAX UINT32_MAX #define UINT_FAST64_MAX UINT64_MAX // 7.18.2.4 Limits of integer types capable of holding object pointers #ifdef _WIN64 // [ # define INTPTR_MIN INT64_MIN # define INTPTR_MAX INT64_MAX # define UINTPTR_MAX UINT64_MAX #else // _WIN64 ][ # define INTPTR_MIN INT32_MIN # define INTPTR_MAX INT32_MAX # define UINTPTR_MAX UINT32_MAX #endif // _WIN64 ] // 7.18.2.5 Limits of greatest-width integer types #define INTMAX_MIN INT64_MIN #define INTMAX_MAX INT64_MAX #define UINTMAX_MAX UINT64_MAX // 7.18.3 Limits of other integer types #ifdef _WIN64 // [ # define PTRDIFF_MIN _I64_MIN # define PTRDIFF_MAX _I64_MAX #else // _WIN64 ][ # define PTRDIFF_MIN _I32_MIN # define PTRDIFF_MAX _I32_MAX #endif // _WIN64 ] #define SIG_ATOMIC_MIN INT_MIN #define SIG_ATOMIC_MAX INT_MAX #ifndef SIZE_MAX // [ # ifdef _WIN64 // [ # define SIZE_MAX _UI64_MAX # else // _WIN64 ][ # define SIZE_MAX _UI32_MAX # endif // _WIN64 ] #endif // SIZE_MAX ] // WCHAR_MIN and WCHAR_MAX are also defined in <wchar.h> #ifndef WCHAR_MIN // [ # define WCHAR_MIN 0 #endif // WCHAR_MIN ] #ifndef WCHAR_MAX // [ # define WCHAR_MAX _UI16_MAX #endif // WCHAR_MAX ] #define WINT_MIN 0 #define WINT_MAX _UI16_MAX #endif // __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS ] // 7.18.4 Limits of other integer types #if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS) // [ See footnote 224 at page 260 // 7.18.4.1 Macros for minimum-width integer constants #define INT8_C(val) val##i8 #define INT16_C(val) val##i16 #define INT32_C(val) val##i32 #define INT64_C(val) val##i64 #define UINT8_C(val) val##ui8 #define UINT16_C(val) val##ui16 #define UINT32_C(val) val##ui32 #define UINT64_C(val) val##ui64 // 7.18.4.2 Macros for greatest-width integer constants #define INTMAX_C INT64_C #define UINTMAX_C UINT64_C #endif // __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS ] #endif // _MSC_STDINT_H_ ] #endif // #ifdef _STDINT_H_SYS_ #endif // #ifndef _STDINT_H_ALL_
inttypes.h——
#ifndef _INTTYPES_H_ALL_ #define _INTTYPES_H_ALL_ // _INTTYPES_H_SYS_: 編譯器是否提供了<inttypes.h> #undef _INTTYPES_H_SYS_ #if defined(__GNUC__) // GCC. #define _INTTYPES_H_SYS_ #elif defined(_MSC_VER) // MSVC. VC2010仍不支援. #elif defined(__BORLANDC__) // BCB. BCB6仍不支援. #else #define _INTTYPES_H_SYS_ // 假設其他編譯器支援C99. #endif // _INTTYPES_H_SYS_ #ifdef _INTTYPES_H_SYS_ // 使用編譯器提供的<inttypes.h> #include <inttypes.h> #else // 採用自定義的inttypes.h. 參考了 msinttypes: http://code.google.com/p/msinttypes/ #ifndef _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ // [ #define _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ #include "stdint.h" // 7.8 Format conversion of integer types typedef struct { intmax_t quot; intmax_t rem; } imaxdiv_t; // 7.8.1 Macros for format specifiers #if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS) // [ See footnote 185 at page 198 // The fprintf macros for signed integers are: #define PRId8 "d" #define PRIi8 "i" #define PRIdLEAST8 "d" #define PRIiLEAST8 "i" #define PRIdFAST8 "d" #define PRIiFAST8 "i" #define PRId16 "hd" #define PRIi16 "hi" #define PRIdLEAST16 "hd" #define PRIiLEAST16 "hi" #define PRIdFAST16 "hd" #define PRIiFAST16 "hi" #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER<=1200 // VC6 #define PRId32 "d" #define PRIi32 "i" #define PRIdLEAST32 "d" #define PRIiLEAST32 "i" #define PRIdFAST32 "d" #define PRIiFAST32 "i" #else #define PRId32 "I32d" #define PRIi32 "I32i" #define PRIdLEAST32 "I32d" #define PRIiLEAST32 "I32i" #define PRIdFAST32 "I32d" #define PRIiFAST32 "I32i" #endif #define PRId64 "I64d" #define PRIi64 "I64i" #define PRIdLEAST64 "I64d" #define PRIiLEAST64 "I64i" #define PRIdFAST64 "I64d" #define PRIiFAST64 "I64i" #define PRIdMAX "I64d" #define PRIiMAX "I64i" #define PRIdPTR "Id" #define PRIiPTR "Ii" // The fprintf macros for unsigned integers are: #define PRIo8 "o" #define PRIu8 "u" #define PRIx8 "x" #define PRIX8 "X" #define PRIoLEAST8 "o" #define PRIuLEAST8 "u" #define PRIxLEAST8 "x" #define PRIXLEAST8 "X" #define PRIoFAST8 "o" #define PRIuFAST8 "u" #define PRIxFAST8 "x" #define PRIXFAST8 "X" #define PRIo16 "ho" #define PRIu16 "hu" #define PRIx16 "hx" #define PRIX16 "hX" #define PRIoLEAST16 "ho" #define PRIuLEAST16 "hu" #define PRIxLEAST16 "hx" #define PRIXLEAST16 "hX" #define PRIoFAST16 "ho" #define PRIuFAST16 "hu" #define PRIxFAST16 "hx" #define PRIXFAST16 "hX" #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER<=1200 // VC6 #define PRIo32 "o" #define PRIu32 "u" #define PRIx32 "x" #define PRIX32 "X" #define PRIoLEAST32 "o" #define PRIuLEAST32 "u" #define PRIxLEAST32 "x" #define PRIXLEAST32 "X" #define PRIoFAST32 "o" #define PRIuFAST32 "u" #define PRIxFAST32 "x" #define PRIXFAST32 "X" #else #define PRIo32 "I32o" #define PRIu32 "I32u" #define PRIx32 "I32x" #define PRIX32 "I32X" #define PRIoLEAST32 "I32o" #define PRIuLEAST32 "I32u" #define PRIxLEAST32 "I32x" #define PRIXLEAST32 "I32X" #define PRIoFAST32 "I32o" #define PRIuFAST32 "I32u" #define PRIxFAST32 "I32x" #define PRIXFAST32 "I32X" #endif #define PRIo64 "I64o" #define PRIu64 "I64u" #define PRIx64 "I64x" #define PRIX64 "I64X" #define PRIoLEAST64 "I64o" #define PRIuLEAST64 "I64u" #define PRIxLEAST64 "I64x" #define PRIXLEAST64 "I64X" #define PRIoFAST64 "I64o" #define PRIuFAST64 "I64u" #define PRIxFAST64 "I64x" #define PRIXFAST64 "I64X" #define PRIoMAX "I64o" #define PRIuMAX "I64u" #define PRIxMAX "I64x" #define PRIXMAX "I64X" #define PRIoPTR "Io" #define PRIuPTR "Iu" #define PRIxPTR "Ix" #define PRIXPTR "IX" // The fscanf macros for signed integers are: #define SCNd8 "d" #define SCNi8 "i" #define SCNdLEAST8 "d" #define SCNiLEAST8 "i" #define SCNdFAST8 "d" #define SCNiFAST8 "i" #define SCNd16 "hd" #define SCNi16 "hi" #define SCNdLEAST16 "hd" #define SCNiLEAST16 "hi" #define SCNdFAST16 "hd" #define SCNiFAST16 "hi" #define SCNd32 "ld" #define SCNi32 "li" #define SCNdLEAST32 "ld" #define SCNiLEAST32 "li" #define SCNdFAST32 "ld" #define SCNiFAST32 "li" #define SCNd64 "I64d" #define SCNi64 "I64i" #define SCNdLEAST64 "I64d" #define SCNiLEAST64 "I64i" #define SCNdFAST64 "I64d" #define SCNiFAST64 "I64i" #define SCNdMAX "I64d" #define SCNiMAX "I64i" #ifdef _WIN64 // [ # define SCNdPTR "I64d" # define SCNiPTR "I64i" #else // _WIN64 ][ # define SCNdPTR "ld" # define SCNiPTR "li" #endif // _WIN64 ] // The fscanf macros for unsigned integers are: #define SCNo8 "o" #define SCNu8 "u" #define SCNx8 "x" #define SCNX8 "X" #define SCNoLEAST8 "o" #define SCNuLEAST8 "u" #define SCNxLEAST8 "x" #define SCNXLEAST8 "X" #define SCNoFAST8 "o" #define SCNuFAST8 "u" #define SCNxFAST8 "x" #define SCNXFAST8 "X" #define SCNo16 "ho" #define SCNu16 "hu" #define SCNx16 "hx" #define SCNX16 "hX" #define SCNoLEAST16 "ho" #define SCNuLEAST16 "hu" #define SCNxLEAST16 "hx" #define SCNXLEAST16 "hX" #define SCNoFAST16 "ho" #define SCNuFAST16 "hu" #define SCNxFAST16 "hx" #define SCNXFAST16 "hX" #define SCNo32 "lo" #define SCNu32 "lu" #define SCNx32 "lx" #define SCNX32 "lX" #define SCNoLEAST32 "lo" #define SCNuLEAST32 "lu" #define SCNxLEAST32 "lx" #define SCNXLEAST32 "lX" #define SCNoFAST32 "lo" #define SCNuFAST32 "lu" #define SCNxFAST32 "lx" #define SCNXFAST32 "lX" #define SCNo64 "I64o" #define SCNu64 "I64u" #define SCNx64 "I64x" #define SCNX64 "I64X" #define SCNoLEAST64 "I64o" #define SCNuLEAST64 "I64u" #define SCNxLEAST64 "I64x" #define SCNXLEAST64 "I64X" #define SCNoFAST64 "I64o" #define SCNuFAST64 "I64u" #define SCNxFAST64 "I64x" #define SCNXFAST64 "I64X" #define SCNoMAX "I64o" #define SCNuMAX "I64u" #define SCNxMAX "I64x" #define SCNXMAX "I64X" #ifdef _WIN64 // [ # define SCNoPTR "I64o" # define SCNuPTR "I64u" # define SCNxPTR "I64x" # define SCNXPTR "I64X" #else // _WIN64 ][ # define SCNoPTR "lo" # define SCNuPTR "lu" # define SCNxPTR "lx" # define SCNXPTR "lX" #endif // _WIN64 ] #endif // __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS ] // 7.8.2 Functions for greatest-width integer types // 7.8.2.1 The imaxabs function #define imaxabs _abs64 // 7.8.2.2 The imaxdiv function #ifdef _MSC_VER // This is modified version of div() function from Microsoft's div.c found // in %MSVC.NET%\crt\src\div.c #ifdef STATIC_IMAXDIV // [ static #else // STATIC_IMAXDIV ][ _inline #endif // STATIC_IMAXDIV ] imaxdiv_t __cdecl imaxdiv(intmax_t numer, intmax_t denom) { imaxdiv_t result; result.quot = numer / denom; result.rem = numer % denom; if (numer < 0 && result.rem > 0) { // did division wrong; must fix up ++result.quot; result.rem -= denom; } return result; } #endif // #ifdef _MSC_VER // 7.8.2.3 The strtoimax and strtoumax functions #define strtoimax _strtoi64 #define strtoumax _strtoui64 // 7.8.2.4 The wcstoimax and wcstoumax functions #define wcstoimax _wcstoi64 #define wcstoumax _wcstoui64 #endif // _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ ] #endif // #ifdef _INTTYPES_H_SYS_ #endif // #ifndef _INTTYPES_H_ALL_
測試程式碼:c99int.c——
#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS #define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS #define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS #include <stdio.h> #include <wchar.h> #include "stdint.h" #include "inttypes.h" int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { uint8_t i8 = (uint8_t)INT8_C(-1); uint16_t i16 = (uint16_t)INT16_C(-1); uint32_t i32 = (uint32_t)INT32_C(-1); uint64_t i64 = (uint64_t)INT64_C(-1); printf("c99int:\t%" PRIu8 ", %" PRIu16 ", %" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu64 "\n", i8, i16, i32, i64); return 0; }
三、測試結果
在以下編譯器中成功編譯——
VC6
VC2003
VC2005
VC2010(x86與x64)
BCB6
GCC 4.7.0(Fedora 17)
GCC 4.6.2(MinGW (20120426))