【SpringCloud】(一):SpringCloud入門程式
什麼是SpringCloud,和SpringBoot的關係
官網:http://projects.spring.io/spring-cloud/
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spring Cloud是一個基於Spring Boot實現的雲應用開發工具,它為基於JVM的雲應用開發中的配置管理、服務發現、斷路器、智慧路由、微代理、控制匯流排、全域性鎖、決策競選、分散式會話和叢集狀態管理等操作提供了一種簡單的開發方式。
Spring boot 是 Spring 的一套快速配置腳手架,可以基於spring boot 快速開發單個微服務,Spring Cloud是一個基於Spring Boot實現的雲應用開發工具;Spring boot專注於快速、方便整合的單個個體,Spring Cloud是關注全域性的服務治理框架;spring boot使用了預設大於配置的理念,很多整合方案已經幫你選擇好了,能不配置就不配置,Spring Cloud很大的一部分是基於Spring boot來實現。Spring boot可以離開Spring Cloud獨立使用開發專案,但是Spring Cloud離不開Spring boot,屬於依賴的關係。
spring -> spring booot > spring cloud 這樣的關係。
作者:純潔的微笑
連結:https://www.zhihu.com/question/47304987/answer/169239519
來源:知乎
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使用建立服務
http://start.spring.io/
服務提供者:使用者微服務
服務消費者:電影微服務
服務提供者:microservice-simple-provider-user
POM.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.dynamic.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>microservice-simple-provider-user</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>microservice-simple-provider-user</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.h2database</groupId> <artifactId>h2</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
User:使用jpa,加上相應註解
package com.dynamic.cloud.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class User implements Serializable
{
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
@Column
private String username;
@Column
private String name;
@Column
private int age;
@Column
private BigDecimal balance;
}
UserRepository
package com.dynamic.cloud.repository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.dynamic.cloud.entity.User;
@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Long>
{
public User findById(Long id);
}
UserController
package com.dynamic.cloud.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.dynamic.cloud.entity.User;
import com.dynamic.cloud.repository.UserRepository;
@RestController
public class UserController
{
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
@GetMapping("/simple/{id}")
public User findById(@PathVariable Long id)
{
return this.userRepository.findById(id);
}
}
啟動類
MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication
package com.dynamic.cloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication.class, args);
}
}
配置檔案:application.yml
server:
port: 7900
spring:
jpa:
generate-ddl: false
show-sql: true
hibernate:
ddl-auto: none
datasource:
platform: h2
schema: classpath:schema.sql #建表語句
data: classpath:data.sql #資料
logging:
level:
root: INFO
org.hibernate: INFO
org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACE
org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE
com.dynamic: DEBUG
資料檔案:schema.sql和data.sql
drop table user if exists;
create table user(
id bigint generated by default as identity,
username varchar(40),
name varchar(20),
age int(3),
balance decimal(10,2),
primary key(id)
);
insert into user(id,username, name, age, balance) values(1,'user1', '張三', 20, 100.00);
insert into user(id,username, name, age, balance) values(2,'user2', '李四', 20, 100.00);
insert into user(id,username, name, age, balance) values(3,'user3', '王五', 20, 100.00);
insert into user(id,username, name, age, balance) values(4,'user4', '馬六', 20, 100.00);
服務提供的埠是7900
服務消費者:microservice-simple-comsumer-movie
POM.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.dynamic.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-simple-comsumer-movie</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>microservice-simple-comsumer-movie</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
User
只是呼叫不需要註解
package com.dynamic.cloud.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public class User implements Serializable{
private Long id;
private String username;
private String name;
private int age;
private BigDecimal balance;
}
Controller
使用restTemplate進行呼叫,RestTemplate有點類似於一個WebService客戶端請求的模版,可以呼叫http請求的WebService,並將結果轉換成相應的物件型別
package com.dynamic.cloud.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import com.dynamic.cloud.entity.User;
@RestController
public class MovieController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Value("${user.userServicePath}")
private String userServicePath;
@GetMapping("/movie/{id}")
public User findById(@PathVariable Long id)
{
return this.restTemplate.getForObject(this.userServicePath+id, User.class);
}
}
啟動類
package com.dynamic.cloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceSimpleComsumerMovieApplication {
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate()
{
return new RestTemplate(); //例項化RestTemplate
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceSimpleComsumerMovieApplication.class, args);
}
}
配置檔案:application.yml
server:
port: 7901
user:
userServicePath: http://localhost:7900/simple/
消費端的埠是7901,請求7900的服務
啟動時去掉該選項。
總結:
SpringCloud基於SpringBoot,為微服務體系開發中的架構問題,提供了一整套的解決方案——服務註冊與發現,服務消費,服務保護與熔斷,閘道器,分散式呼叫追蹤,分散式配置管理等。