1. 程式人生 > >【深入Java基礎】HashMap的高階用法(二):同步

【深入Java基礎】HashMap的高階用法(二):同步

HashMap的高階用法:同步

HashMap是不支援同步的,不能用於多執行緒中。而HashTable是同步的,這個日後再論。我們可以使用以下兩種方法來實現HashMap的同步:

  • 使用ConcurrentHashMap

  • 使用Collections.synchronizedMap獲取同步map

使用ConcurrentHashMap

    ConcurrentHashMap<Integer,String> concurrentHashMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

使用Collections.synchronizedMap獲取同步map

    HashMap<Integer,String> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
    Map<Integer,String> synchronizedMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(hashMap);

測試

對於沒有同步的HashMap在多執行緒中執行一定會丟擲異常:

    java.util.ConcurrentModificationException

執行兩個執行緒同時對一個hashmap進行讀寫操作:

    HashMap<Integer,String> hashMap1 = new
HashMap<>(); //寫執行緒 new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { hashMap1.put(i,"value"+i); try { Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10
)); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }).start(); //讀執行緒 new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while (true) { if (hashMap1.size() > 0) { for (Map.Entry entry : hashMap1.entrySet()) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue()); } } try { Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10)); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }).start();

執行以上程式碼丟擲異常java.util.ConcurrentModificationException。原因是未實現同步時,在迭代hashmap的時候不能修改資料。

Collections.synchronizedMap實現同步:

    HashMap<Integer,String> hashMap1 = new HashMap<>();
        Map<Integer, String> map = Collections.synchronizedMap(hashMap1);
        //寫執行緒
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                    map.put(i,"value"+i);
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10));
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
        //讀執行緒
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (true) {
                    if (map.size() > 0) {
                        for (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) {
                            System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
                        }
                    }
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10));
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();

執行以上程式碼任然丟擲異常java.util.ConcurrentModificationException。可見該方法並不安全。(還是這樣測試有問題?)

ConcurrentHashMap實現同步:

      ConcurrentHashMap<Integer,String> concurrentHashMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
       //寫執行緒
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                    concurrentHashMap.put(i,"value"+i);
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10));
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
        //讀執行緒
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (true) {
                    if (concurrentHashMap.size() > 0) {
                        for (Map.Entry entry : concurrentHashMap.entrySet()) {
                            System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
                        }
                    }
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10));
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();

執行以上程式碼,無異常。

所以為了保證多執行緒下的hashmap的資料一致性使用ConcurrentHashMap最為合理。並且ConcurrentHashMap的效率也比較高。為什麼日後再論。

使用lock鎖手動實現hashmap的同步:

     ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);
     HashMap<Integer, String> hashMap1 = new HashMap<>();

            //寫執行緒
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                        hashMap1.put(i, "value" + i);
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10));
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    } catch (Exception e) {

                    } finally {
                        //lock.unlock();
                    }
                }
            }).start();


        //讀執行緒
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {

                while (true) {
                    lock.lock();
                    try {
                        if (hashMap1.size() > 0) {
                            for (Map.Entry entry : hashMap1.entrySet()) {
                                System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
                            }
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        System.out.println(e.getMessage());
                    } finally {
                        lock.unlock();
                    }


                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10));
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();