C#後臺傳送HTTP請求
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-29
HttpResponse
1.涵蓋POST,GET方法
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Compression;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Text;
namespace Common
{
public class HttpResponse
{
#region Static Field
private static readonly string DefaultUserAgent = "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)";
#endregion Static Field
#region public Method
/// <summary>
/// Get方法獲取Json資料
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetHttpResponseJson(string url, IWebProxy webProxy)
{
string json = string.Empty;
Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
HttpWebResponse Response = CreateGetHttpResponse(new HttpGetParametersModel()
{
Url = url,
WebProxy = webProxy
});
json = GetStream(Response, encoding);
return json;
}
/// <summary>
/// Post Url獲取Json資料
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string PostHttpResponseJson(string url, IWebProxy webProxy)
{
string json = string.Empty;
Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
HttpWebResponse Response = CreatePostHttpResponse(new HttpPostParametersModel()
{
Url = url,
RequestEncoding = encoding,
WebProxy = webProxy
});
json = GetStream(Response, encoding);
return json;
}
/// <summary>
/// Post帶引數的 Url獲取Json資料
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url"></param>
/// <param name="postDict"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string PostHttpResponseJson(string url, IWebProxy webProxy, IDictionary<string, string> postDict)
{
string json = string.Empty;
Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
HttpWebResponse Response = CreatePostHttpResponse(new HttpPostParametersModel()
{
Url = url,
DictParameters = postDict,
WebProxy = webProxy,
RequestEncoding = encoding
});
json = GetStream(Response, encoding);
return json;
}
/// <summary>
/// 建立GET方式的HTTP請求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">請求的URL</param>
/// <param name="timeout">請求的超時時間</param>
/// <param name="userAgent">請求的客戶端瀏覽器資訊,可以為空</param>
/// <param name="cookies">隨同HTTP請求傳送的Cookie資訊,如果不需要身份驗證可以為空</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static HttpWebResponse CreateGetHttpResponse(HttpGetParametersModel getParametersModel)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(getParametersModel.Url))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("getParametersModel.Url");
}
HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(getParametersModel.Url) as HttpWebRequest;
if (getParametersModel.WebProxy != null)
{
request.Proxy = getParametersModel.WebProxy;
}
request.Method = "GET";
request.UserAgent = DefaultUserAgent;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(getParametersModel.UserAgent))
{
request.UserAgent = getParametersModel.UserAgent;
}
if (getParametersModel.Timeout.HasValue)
{
request.Timeout = getParametersModel.Timeout.Value;
}
if (getParametersModel.Cookies != null)
{
request.CookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
request.CookieContainer.Add(getParametersModel.Cookies);
}
return request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;
}
/// <summary>
/// 建立POST方式的HTTP請求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">請求的URL</param>
/// <param name="parameters">隨同請求POST的引數名稱及引數值字典</param>
/// <param name="timeout">請求的超時時間</param>
/// <param name="userAgent">請求的客戶端瀏覽器資訊,可以為空</param>
/// <param name="requestEncoding">傳送HTTP請求時所用的編碼</param>
/// <param name="cookies">隨同HTTP請求傳送的Cookie資訊,如果不需要身份驗證可以為空</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static HttpWebResponse CreatePostHttpResponse(HttpPostParametersModel postParametersModel)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(postParametersModel.Url))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("postParametersModel.Url");
}
if (postParametersModel.RequestEncoding == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("postParametersModel.RequestEncoding");
}
HttpWebRequest request = null;
//如果是傳送HTTPS請求
if (postParametersModel.Url.StartsWith("https", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
{
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(CheckValidationResult);
request = WebRequest.Create(postParametersModel.Url) as HttpWebRequest;
request.ProtocolVersion = HttpVersion.Version10;
}
else
{
request = WebRequest.Create(postParametersModel.Url) as HttpWebRequest;
}
if (postParametersModel.WebProxy != null)
{
request.Proxy = postParametersModel.WebProxy;
}
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(postParametersModel.UserAgent))
{
request.UserAgent = postParametersModel.UserAgent;
}
else
{
request.UserAgent = DefaultUserAgent;
}
if (postParametersModel.Timeout.HasValue)
{
request.Timeout = postParametersModel.Timeout.Value;
}
if (postParametersModel.Cookies != null)
{
request.CookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
request.CookieContainer.Add(postParametersModel.Cookies);
}
//如果需要POST資料
if (!(postParametersModel.DictParameters == null || postParametersModel.DictParameters.Count == 0))
{
StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
int i = 0;
foreach (string key in postParametersModel.DictParameters.Keys)
{
if (i > 0)
{
buffer.AppendFormat("&{0}={1}", key, postParametersModel.DictParameters[key]);
}
else
{
buffer.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", key, postParametersModel.DictParameters[key]);
}
i++;
}
byte[] data = postParametersModel.RequestEncoding.GetBytes(buffer.ToString());
using (Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream())
{
stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
}
}
return request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;
}
#endregion public Method
#region Private Method
/// <summary>
/// 設定https證書校驗機制,預設返回True,驗證通過
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="certificate"></param>
/// <param name="chain"></param>
/// <param name="errors"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static bool CheckValidationResult(object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors)
{
return true; //總是接受
}
/// <summary>
/// 將response轉換成文字
/// </summary>
/// <param name="response"></param>
/// <param name="encoding"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetStream(HttpWebResponse response, Encoding encoding)
{
try
{
if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK)
{
switch (response.ContentEncoding.ToLower())
{
case "gzip":
{
string result = Decompress(response.GetResponseStream(), encoding);
response.Close();
return result;
}
default:
{
using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), encoding))
{
string result = sr.ReadToEnd();
sr.Close();
sr.Dispose();
response.Close();
return result;
}
}
}
}
else
{
response.Close();
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw e;
}
return "";
}
private static string Decompress(Stream stream, Encoding encoding)
{
byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
//int length = 0;
using (GZipStream gz = new GZipStream(stream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
{
//GZipStream gzip = new GZipStream(res.GetResponseStream(), CompressionMode.Decompress);
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(gz, encoding))
{
return reader.ReadToEnd();
}
/*
using (MemoryStream msTemp = new MemoryStream())
{
//解壓時直接使用Read方法讀取內容,不能呼叫GZipStream例項的Length等屬性,否則會出錯:System.NotSupportedException: 不支援此操作;
while ((length = gz.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
{
msTemp.Write(buffer, 0, length);
}
return encoding.GetString(msTemp.ToArray());
}
* */
}
}
#endregion Private Method
#region 廢棄方法
/// <summary>
/// 建立POST方式Json資料的HTTP請求(包括了https站點請求)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">請求的URL</param>
/// <param name="parameters">隨同請求POST的引數名稱及引數值字典</param>
/// <param name="timeout">請求的超時時間</param>
/// <param name="userAgent">請求的客戶端瀏覽器資訊,可以為空</param>
/// <param name="requestEncoding">傳送HTTP請求時所用的編碼</param>
/// <param name="cookies">隨同HTTP請求傳送的Cookie資訊,如果不需要身份驗證可以為空</param>
/// <returns></returns>
[Obsolete("該方法暫時廢棄")]
private HttpWebResponse CreatePostHttpResponseJson(string url, string postJson, string parameters, int? timeout, string userAgent, Encoding requestEncoding, string referer)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(url))
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("url");
}
if (requestEncoding == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("requestEncoding");
}
HttpWebRequest request = null;
//如果是傳送HTTPS請求
if (url.StartsWith("https", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
{
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(CheckValidationResult);
request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
request.ProtocolVersion = HttpVersion.Version10;
}
else
{
request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
}
request.Method = "POST";
//服務端 判斷 客戶端 提交的是否是 JSON資料 時
request.ContentType = "application/json;charset=UTF-8";
request.KeepAlive = true;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(userAgent))
{
request.UserAgent = userAgent;
}
else
{
request.UserAgent = DefaultUserAgent;
}
if (timeout.HasValue)
{
request.Timeout = timeout.Value;
}
//如果需要POST資料
#region post parameter 類似querystring格式
if (parameters != null)
{
byte[] data = requestEncoding.GetBytes(parameters);
using (Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream())
{
stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
stream.Close();
}
}
#endregion post parameter 類似querystring格式
#region post json
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(postJson))
{
using (var streamWriter = new StreamWriter(request.GetRequestStream()))
{
//string json = "{\"user\":\"test\"," +
// "\"password\":\"bla\"}";
streamWriter.Write(postJson);
streamWriter.Flush();
streamWriter.Close();
}
}
#endregion post json
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(referer))
{
request.Referer = referer;
}
HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;
if (request.CookieContainer != null)
{
response.Cookies = request.CookieContainer.GetCookies(request.RequestUri);
}
return response;
}
#endregion 廢棄方法
}
#region GET/POST請求引數模型
/// <summary>
/// GET請求引數模型
/// </summary>
public class HttpGetParametersModel
{
/// <summary>
/// 請求的URL(GET方式就附加引數)
/// </summary>
public string Url { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 超時時間
/// </summary>
public int? Timeout { get; set; }
/// <summary>
///瀏覽器代理型別
/// </summary>
public string UserAgent { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Web請求代理
/// </summary>
public IWebProxy WebProxy { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Cookies列表
/// </summary>
public CookieCollection Cookies { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// POST請求引數模型
/// </summary>
public class HttpPostParametersModel : HttpGetParametersModel
{
/// <summary>
/// POST引數字典
/// </summary>
public IDictionary<string, string> DictParameters { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 傳送HTTP請求時所用的編碼
/// </summary>
public Encoding RequestEncoding { get; set; }
}
#endregion GET/POST請求引數模型
}
WebProxy網站代理通過在Webconfig中設定
<defaultProxy>
<proxy
usesystemdefault="True"
proxyaddress="http://172.27.1.252:80"
bypassonlocal="True" />
</defaultProxy>
方法呼叫
public static string GetBookInfoByISBNLinkAPI(string BookISBN)
{
try
{
string url ="https://api.douban.com/v2/book/isbn/9787500859062";
return HttpResponse.GetHttpResponseJson(url, null);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
return "ISBN異常!";
}
}