nginx常見內部引數,錯誤總結
1、日誌簡介
nginx日誌主要有兩種:訪問日誌和錯誤日誌。訪問日誌主要記錄客戶端訪問nginx的每一個請求,格式可以自定義;錯誤日誌主要記錄客戶端訪問nginx出錯時的日誌,格式不支援自定義。兩種日誌都可以選擇性關閉。
通過訪問日誌,你可以得到使用者地域來源、跳轉來源、使用終端、某個URL訪問量等相關資訊;通過錯誤日誌,你可以得到系統某個服務或server的效能瓶頸等。因此,將日誌好好利用,你可以得到很多有價值的資訊。
2、訪問日誌
[Access.log]
log_format main '$remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $http_host '
'$status $upstream_status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $ssl_protocol $ssl_cipher $upstream_addr '
'$request_time $upstream_response_time';
變數名稱 |
變數描述 |
舉例說明 |
$remote_addr |
客戶端地址 |
113.140.15.90 |
$remote_user |
客戶端使用者名稱稱 |
- |
$time_local |
訪問時間和時區 |
18/Jul/2012:17:00:01 +0800 |
$request |
請求的URI和HTTP協議 |
"GET /pa/img/home/logo-alipay-t.png HTTP/1.1" |
$http_host |
請求地址,即瀏覽器中你輸入的地址(IP或域名) |
img.alipay.com 10.253.70.103 |
$status |
HTTP請求狀態 |
200 |
$upstream_status |
upstream狀態 |
200 |
$body_bytes_sent |
傳送給客戶端檔案內容大小 |
547 |
$http_referer |
跳轉來源 |
"https://cashier.alipay.com.../" |
$http_user_agent |
使用者終端代理 |
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; GTB7.0; .NET4.0C; |
$ssl_protocol |
SSL協議版本 |
TLSv1 |
$ssl_cipher |
交換資料中的演算法 |
RC4-SHA |
$upstream_addr |
後臺upstream的地址,即真正提供服務的主機地址 |
10.228.35.247:80 |
$request_time |
整個請求的總時間 |
0.205 |
$upstream_response_time |
請求過程中,upstream響應時間 |
0.002 |
線上例項:
116.9.137.90 - [02/Aug/2012:14:47:12 +0800] "GET /images/XX/20100324752729.png HTTP/1.1"img.alipay.com 200 200 2038 https://cashier.alipay.com/XX/PaymentResult.htm?payNo=XX&outBizNo=2012XX "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; Tablet PC 2.0; 360SE)" TLSv1 AES128-SHA 10.228.21.237:80 0.198 0.001
線下測試($http_referer):
10.14.21.197 - - [14/Aug/2012:17:28:22 +0800] "GET /spanner/watch/v1?--db=ztg-1&--mode=compare&--index=status&--option=&--cluster=whole&-F=2012%2F8%2F12-00%3A00%3A00&-T=%2B2880&-i=1&-n=0&_=1344936501292 HTTP/1.1" 200 94193 "http://spanner.alipay.net/optionFrame/history.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.60 Safari/537.1"
備註:$http_referer和重定向有關。
線下測試($http_host):
備註:$http_host的值和你在瀏覽器裡輸入的值有關。
3、錯誤日誌
錯誤資訊 |
錯誤說明 |
"upstream prematurely(過早的) closed connection" |
請求uri的時候出現的異常,是由於upstream還未返回應答給使用者時使用者斷掉連線造成的,對系統沒有影響,可以忽略 |
"recv() failed (104: Connection reset by peer)" |
(1)伺服器的併發連線數超過了其承載量,伺服器會將其中一些連線Down掉; (2)客戶關掉了瀏覽器,而伺服器還在給客戶端傳送資料; (3)瀏覽器端按了Stop |
"(111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream" |
使用者在連線時,若遇到後端upstream掛掉或者不通,會收到該錯誤 |
"(111: Connection refused) while reading response header from upstream" |
使用者在連線成功後讀取資料時,若遇到後端upstream掛掉或者不通,會收到該錯誤 |
"(111: Connection refused) while sending request to upstream" |
Nginx和upstream連線成功後傳送資料時,若遇到後端upstream掛掉或者不通,會收到該錯誤 |
"(110: Connection timed out) while connecting to upstream" |
nginx連線後面的upstream時超時 |
"(110: Connection timed out) while reading upstream" |
nginx讀取來自upstream的響應時超時 |
"(110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream" |
nginx讀取來自upstream的響應頭時超時 |
"(110: Connection timed out) while reading upstream" |
nginx讀取來自upstream的響應時超時 |
"(104: Connection reset by peer) while connecting to upstream" |
upstream傳送了RST,將連線重置 |
"upstream sent invalid header while reading response header from upstream" |
upstream傳送的響應頭無效 |
"upstream sent no valid HTTP/1.0 header while reading response header from upstream" |
upstream傳送的響應頭無效 |
"client intended to send too large body" |
用於設定允許接受的客戶端請求內容的最大值,預設值是1M,client傳送的body超過了設定值 |
"reopening logs" |
使用者傳送kill -USR1命令 |
"gracefully shutting down", |
使用者傳送kill -WINCH命令 |
"no servers are inside upstream" |
upstream下未配置server |
"no live upstreams while connecting to upstream" |
upstream下的server全都掛了 |
"SSL_do_handshake() failed" |
SSL握手失敗 |
"SSL_write() failed (SSL:) while sending to client" |
|
"(13: Permission denied) while reading upstream" |
|
"(98: Address already in use) while connecting to upstream" |
|
"(99: Cannot assign requested address) while connecting to upstream" |
|
"ngx_slab_alloc() failed: no memory in SSL session shared cache" |
ssl_session_cache大小不夠等原因造成 |
"could not add new SSL session to the session cache while SSL handshaking" |
ssl_session_cache大小不夠等原因造成 |
"send() failed (111: Connection refused)" |