在移動之前會報錯：

SQL Server阻止了對元件xp_cmdshell過程的解決方案
錯誤描述：SQL Server阻止了對元件‘xp_cmdshell’的過程‘sys.xp_cmdshell’的訪問。因為此元件已作為此服務囂安全配置的一部分而被關閉。系統管理員可以通過使用sp_configure啟用‘xp_cmdshell’。有關啟用‘xp_cmdshell’的詳細資訊，請參閱sQL幫助檔案。

可以在Master下執行

sp_configure 'show advanced options',1
reconfigure
go
sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',1
reconfigure
go
 

USE master

exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',1
reconfigure
go
exec sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',1
reconfigure
go
GO
DECLARE
    @DBName sysname,
    @DestPath varchar(256)
DECLARE @DB table(
    name sysname,
    physical_name sysname)

BEGIN TRY
SELECT
    @DBName = 'dbname',   --input database name
    @DestPath = 'e:\db'         --input destination path

-- kill database processes
DECLARE @SPID varchar(20)
DECLARE curProcess CURSOR FOR
SELECT spid
FROM sys.sysprocesses
WHERE DB_NAME(dbid) = @DBName
OPEN curProcess
    FETCH NEXT FROM curProcess INTO @SPID
    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
    BEGIN
            EXEC('KILL ' + @SPID)
            FETCH NEXT FROM curProcess
    END
CLOSE curProcess
DEALLOCATE curProcess
-- query physical name
INSERT @DB(
    name,
    physical_name)
SELECT
    A.name,
    A.physical_name
FROM sys.master_files A
INNER JOIN sys.databases B
    ON A.database_id = B.database_id
        AND B.name = @DBName
WHERE A.type <=1
--set offline
EXEC('ALTER DATABASE ' + @DBName + ' SET OFFLINE')
--move to dest path
DECLARE
    @login_name sysname,
    @physical_name sysname,
    @temp_name varchar(256)
DECLARE curMove CURSOR FOR
SELECT
    name,
    physical_name
FROM @DB
OPEN curMove
    FETCH NEXT FROM curMove INTO @login_name,@physical_name
        WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
        BEGIN
            SET @temp_name = RIGHT(@physical_name,CHARINDEX('\',REVERSE(@physical_name)) - 1)
            EXEC('exec xp_cmdshell ''move "' + @physical_name + '" "' + @DestPath + '"''')
            EXEC('ALTER DATABASE ' + @DBName + ' MODIFY FILE ( NAME = ' + @login_name
                    + ', FILENAME = ''' + @DestPath + @temp_name + ''')')
            FETCH NEXT FROM curMove INTO @login_name,@physical_name
        END
CLOSE curMove
DEALLOCATE curMove
-- set online
EXEC('ALTER DATABASE ' + @DBName + ' SET ONLINE')
-- show result
SELECT
    A.name,
    A.physical_name
FROM sys.master_files A
INNER JOIN sys.databases B
    ON A.database_id = B.database_id
        AND B.name = @DBName
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
    SELECT ERROR_MESSAGE() AS ErrorMessage
END CATCH
GO