自動化運維saltstack 安裝部署以及一鍵部署實現負載均衡
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-31
saltstack介紹
SaltStack是一個伺服器基礎架構集中化管理平臺，SaltStack基於Python語言實現，也是基於C/S架構，結合輕量級訊息佇列（ZeroMQ）與Python第三方模組（Pyzmq、PyCrypto、Pyjinjia2、python-msgpack和PyYAML等）構建，SaltStack整合了Puppet和Chef的功能，更適合大規模批量管理伺服器，配置簡單。
SaltStack工作原理
saltstack由Master和Minion構成，通過ZeroMQ進行通訊。
Saltstack的master端監聽4505與4506埠，4505為salt的訊息釋出系統，4506為salt客戶端與服務端通訊的埠，salt客戶端程式不監聽埠，SaltStack 客戶端（Minion）在啟動時，會自動生成一套金鑰，包含私鑰和公鑰。之後將公鑰傳送給伺服器端，伺服器端驗證並接受公鑰，以此來建立可靠且加密的通訊連線。然後一直保持該TCP連線，master通過這條TCP連線對客戶端控制，如果連線斷開，master對客戶端就無能為力了。當然，客戶端若檢查到斷開後會定期的一直連線master端的。
實驗環境：redhat6.5，防火牆和selinux狀態為關閉狀態；
server1 172.25.60.1 salt-master
server2 172.25.60.2 salt-minion
server3 172.25.60.3 salt-minion
server4 172.25.60.4 salt-minion
配置yum源
[[email protected] rhel6]$ pwd
/var/www/html/salt/rhel6
###安裝saltstack軟體配置yum源需要使用的包### saltstack安裝部署
server1安裝salit-master:
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y salt-master
server2和server3安裝salt-minion:
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install -y salt-minion
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install -y salt-minion
server1修改配置檔案
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/salt/
[[email protected] salt]# ls
cloud cloud.maps.d master minion.d proxy.d
cloud.conf.d cloud.profiles.d master.d pki roster
cloud.deploy.d cloud.providers.d minion proxy
[[email protected] salt]# vim master
15 interface: 172.25.60.1
server2和server3修改配置檔案：
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/salt/
[[email protected] salt]# ls
cloud cloud.maps.d master minion.d proxy
cloud.conf.d cloud.profiles.d master.d minion_id proxy.d
cloud.deploy.d cloud.providers.d minion pki roster
[[email protected] salt]# vim minion
16 master: 172.25.60.1
每個虛擬機器啟動服務：
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/salt-master start
Starting salt-master daemon: [ OK ]
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/salt-minion start
Starting salt-minion:root:server2 daemon: OK
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/salt-minion start
Starting salt-minion:root:server2 daemon: OK
檢視服務是否啟動：
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -antplue
tcp 0 0 172.25.60.1:4505 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 8559 996/python2.6
tcp 0 0 172.25.60.1:4506 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 14279 1549/python2.6
將server2和server3新增到server1的認證salt-key裡面:
[[email protected] salt]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
server2
server3
Rejected Keys:
[[email protected] salt]# salt-key -a server2
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
server2
Proceed? [n/Y] y
Key for minion server2 accepted.
[[email protected] salt]# salt-key -a server3
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
server3
Proceed? [n/Y] y
Key for minion server3 accepted.
[[email protected] salt]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
server2
server3
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:
檢視server1的salt-minion情況：
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y tree
[[email protected] pki]# pwd
/etc/salt/pki
[[email protected] pki]# tree .
.
|-- master
| |-- master.pem
| |-- master.pub
| |-- minions
| | |-- server2
| | `-- server3
| |-- minions_autosign
| |-- minions_denied
| |-- minions_pre
| `-- minions_rejected
`-- minion
7 directories, 4 files
檢視server2和server3的salt-minion情況：
[[email protected] pki]# pwd
/etc/salt/pki
[[email protected] pki]# tree .
.
|-- master
`-- minion
|-- minion_master.pub
|-- minion.pem
`-- minion.pub
2 directories, 3 filessaltstack簡單模組命令測試
[root@server1 ~]# salt '*' test.ping
server3:
True
server2:
True
[root@server1 ~]# salt '*' cmd.run hostname
server3:
server3
server2:
server2
[root@server1 ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'df -Th'
server3:
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root ext4 19G 967M 17G 6% /
tmpfs tmpfs 499M 16K 499M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 ext4 485M 33M 427M 8% /boot
server2:
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root ext4 19G 967M 17G 6% /
tmpfs tmpfs 499M 16K 499M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 ext4 485M 33M 427M 8% /boot建立salt-master的工作目錄
修改配置檔案：
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
524 file_roots:
525 base:
526 - /srv/salt/
重新啟動服務：
[root@server1 salt]# /etc/init.d/salt-master restart
Stopping salt-master daemon: [ OK ]
Starting salt-master daemon: [ OK ]
建立工作主目錄：
[root@server1 ~]# mkdir /srv/saltserver1為server2自動化部署http服務
[[email protected] ~]# cd /srv/salt/
[[email protected] salt]# mkdir httpd
[[email protected] salt]# cd httpd/
###編寫http安裝服務sls檔案###
[[email protected] httpd]# vim apache.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- httpd
- php
###將該檔案推送給server2執行安裝檔案###
（httpd.apache中httpd表示httpd目錄，apache表示我們編輯的檔案）
[[email protected] httpd]# salt server2 state.sls httpd.apache test=True
###上面命令表示執行測試，不進行安裝###
[[email protected] httpd]# salt server2 state.sls httpd.apache
server2:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd, php
Started: 13:58:44.762661
Duration: 20169.999 ms
Changes:
----------
apr:
----------
new:
1.3.9-5.el6_2
old:
apr-util:
----------
new:
1.3.9-3.el6_0.1
old:
apr-util-ldap:
----------
new:
1.3.9-3.el6_0.1
old:
httpd:
----------
new:
2.2.15-29.el6_4
old:
httpd-tools:
----------
new:
2.2.15-29.el6_4
old:
mailcap:
----------
new:
2.1.31-2.el6
old:
php:
----------
new:
5.3.3-26.el6
old:
php-cli:
----------
new:
5.3.3-26.el6
old:
php-common:
----------
new:
5.3.3-26.el6
old:
Summary for server2
------------
Succeeded: 1 (changed=1)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 1
Total run time: 20.170 s
###上面的配置檔案也可以修改為###
httpd:
pkg.installed
php:
pkg.installed
###再次執行該命令也可以測試apache是否安裝成功###
[[email protected] httpd]# salt server2 state.sls httpd.apache
server2:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed ###測試的安裝包已經安裝
Started: 11:06:23.404093
Duration: 278.786 ms
Changes:
Summary for server2
------------
Succeeded: 1
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 1
Total run time: 278.786 ms修改server2的httpd服務為8080埠：
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /srv/salt/httpd/file
###將server2的配置檔案傳送到server1的新建目錄###
[[email protected] conf.d]# scp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 172.25.60.1:/srv/salt/httpd/file
###修改httpd.conf檔案的80埠為8080埠###
[[email protected] ~]# vim /srv/salt/httpd/file/httpd.conf
136 Listen 8080
###修改server1的apache的安裝檔案###
[[email protected] file]# vim /srv/salt/httpd/apache.sls
[[email protected] file]# cat /srv/salt/httpd/apache.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- httpd
- php
apapche-config:
file.managed:
- name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf #####傳送到server2的配置檔案，檔名和路徑需要保持一直，
- source: salt://httpd/file/httpd.conf #####該路徑是載入（更改8080埠操作）檔案的路徑
指定httpd.conf檔案路徑，推送時該路徑下檔案將被髮送到server2的httpd配置檔案下，httpd啟用該檔案修改埠為8080
apache-service: ###設定httpd服務開機自啟
service.running:
- name: httpd
- enable: True
[[email protected] file]# /etc/init.d/salt-master restart
Stopping salt-master daemon: [ OK ]
測試：
[[email protected] httpd]# salt server2 state.sls httpd.apache
server2:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 14:16:47.766538
Duration: 271.519 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-config
Function: file.managed
Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Result: True
Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf updated
Started: 14:16:48.039457
Duration: 44.548 ms
Changes:
----------
diff:
---
+++
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses (0.0.0.0)
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
-Listen 80
+Listen 8080
#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
Started: 14:16:48.084378
Duration: 109.853 ms
Changes:
----------
httpd:
True
Summary for server2
------------
Succeeded: 3 (changed=2)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 3
Total run time: 425.920 ms
進入server2檢視是否修改成功：
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -antplue
tcp 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 0 16662 1996/httpd 給server2的httpd服務設定相關的使用者和組
修改配置檔案：
[[email protected] file]# vim /srv/salt/httpd/apache.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- httpd
- php
apache-config:
file.managed:
- name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
- source: salt://httpd/file/httpd.conf
- mode: 644
- user: root
- group: root
apache-service:
service.running:
- name: httpd
- enable: True
- reload: True ###檔案更改後進行重新載入reload
- watch: ####監控檔案，修改更改的檔案
- file: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
給server2新增使用者和使用者組saltstack一鍵部署（server3原始碼編譯安裝 nginx）
1.原始碼編譯安裝nginx
[[email protected] nginx]# pwd
/srv/salt/nginx
[[email protected] nginx]# cat install.sls
nginx-install:
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- gcc
- openssl-devel
- pcre-devel
file.managed:
- name: /mnt/nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz ###指定tar包放置
- source: salt://nginx/nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz ###指定tar包
cmd.run:
- name: cd /mnt && tar zxf nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz && cd nginx-1.10.1 && sed -i.bak 's/define NGINX_VER "nginx\/" NGINX_VERSION/define NGINX_VER "nginx"'/g src/core/nginx.h && sed -i.bak 's/CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"/#CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"/g' auto/cc/gcc && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-threads --with-http_ssl_module --with-file-aio --with-http_stub_status_module &> /dev/null && make &> /dev/null && make install &> /dev/null
- creates: /usr/local/nginx
###先切入/mnt目錄中，解包，然後修改src/core/nginx.h使其不顯示版本號，然後修改gcc，註釋掉debug，然後進行./configure編譯三部曲，（&> /dev/null使其不顯示編譯的過程），creates：檢測目錄下有沒有nginx目錄，防止重複編譯。###
[[email protected] nginx]# salt server3 state.sls nginx.install
##推送時只要不報錯就表示完成
server3:
----------
ID: nginx-install
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 15:02:21.163881
Duration: 306.046 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: nginx-install
Function: file.managed
Name: /mnt/nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz
Result: True
Comment: File /mnt/nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz is in the correct state
Started: 15:02:21.472147
Duration: 45.622 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: nginx-install
Function: cmd.run
Name: cd /mnt && tar zxf nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz && cd nginx-1.10.1 && sed -i.bak 's/define NGINX_VER "nginx\/" NGINX_VERSION/define NGINX_VER "nginx"'/g src/core/nginx.h && sed -i.bak 's/CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"/#CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"/g' auto/cc/gcc && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-threads --with-http_ssl_module --with-file-aio --with-http_stub_status_module &> /dev/null && make &> /dev/null && make install &> /dev/null
Result: True
Comment: /usr/local/nginx exists
Started: 15:02:21.518365
Duration: 0.316 ms
Changes:
Summary for server3
------------
Succeeded: 3
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 3
Total run time: 351.984 ms2.nginx啟動指令碼：
server3的nginx安裝好了以後沒有啟動指令碼，需要自己配置：
將server2的httpd服務啟動指令碼/etc/init.d/httpd傳送給server3的/srv/salt/nginx/files/目錄下，修改配置檔案如下：
#!/bin/bash
#
# nginx Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# processname: nginx
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
#
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
nginx=${HTTPD-/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx}
prog=nginx
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/nginx}
RETVAL=0
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
$nginx
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} $nginx
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
$nginx -s reload
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then
failure $"nginx shutdown"
fi
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $nginx
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
force-reload|reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl [email protected]
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status}"
RETVAL=2
esac
exit $RETVAL3.啟動nginx，建立使用者以及使用者組
1.在server1的/srv/salt/nginx/files目錄下建立目錄pkgs和users,分別為安裝nginx所需要的依賴包，建立Nginx的使用者！
[[email protected] salt]# ls
_grains haproxy httpd keepalive nginx pkgs top.sls users
[[email protected] salt]# cd pkgs/
[[email protected] pkgs]# ls
make.sls
[[email protected] pkgs]# cat make.sls
make:
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- gcc
- pcre-devel
- openssl-devel
[[email protected] salt]# cd users/
[[email protected] users]# ls
nginx.sls
[[email protected] users]# cat nginx.sls
nginx-group:
group.present:
- name: nginx
- gid: 800
nginx-user:
user.present:
- name: nginx
- shell: /sbin/nologin
- home: /usr/local/nginx
- createhome: false
- uid: 800
- gid: 800
2.修改install.sls配置檔案包含新建的兩個模組：
[[email protected] salt]# cd nginx/
[[email protected] nginx]# ls
files install.sls service.sls
[[email protected] nginx]# cat install.sls
include:
- pkgs.make
- users.nginx
nginx-install:
# pkg.installed:
# - pkgs:
# - gcc
# - openssl-devel
# - pcre-devel
file.managed:
- name: /mnt/nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz
- source: salt://nginx/files/nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz
cmd.run:
- name: cd /mnt && tar zxf nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz && cd nginx-1.10.1 && sed -i.bak 's/define NGINX_VER "nginx\/" NGINX_VERSION/define NGINX_VER "nginx"'/g src/core/nginx.h && sed -i.bak 's/CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"/#CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"/g' auto/cc/gcc && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-threads --with-http_ssl_module --with-file-aio --with-http_stub_status_module &> /dev/null && make &> /dev/null && make install &> /dev/null
- creates: /usr/local/nginx
3.編輯service.sls檔案：
[[email protected] nginx]# cat service.sls
include:
- nginx.install
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:
file.managed:
- source: salt://nginx/files/nginx.conf
nginx-service:
file.managed:
- name: /etc/init.d/nginx
- source: salt://nginx/files/nginx
- mode: 755 ###給配置檔案新增執行許可權
service.running:
- name: nginx
- reload: True
- watch:
- file: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
4.將serve3的/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf檔案傳送到server1的/srv/salt/nginx/files/目錄下，修改配置檔案：
[[email protected] files]# pwd
/srv/salt/nginx/files
[[email protected] files]# ls
nginx nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz nginx.conf
推送測試：
[[email protected] nginx]# salt server3 state.sls nginx.service
server3:
----------
ID: nginx-service
Function: file.managed
Name: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
Result: True
Comment: File /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf is in the correct state
Started: 15:58:58.219243
Duration: 47.734 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: nginx-service
Function: cmd.run
Name: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
Result: True
Comment: Command "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" run
Started: 15:58:58.267515
Duration: 8.309 ms
Changes:
----------
pid:
4724
retcode:
0
stderr:
stdout:
Summary for server3
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 56.043 ms
檢視server3是否啟動：ps ax
4725 ? Ss 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx server1安裝haproxy
1.將server1新增salt-key的認證
[root@server1 nginx]# salt server1 state.sls haproxy.install
No minions matched the target. No command was sent, no jid was assigned.
ERROR: No return received
server1安裝salt-minion,修改配置檔案/etc/salt/minion檔案：
[root@server1 salt]# vim minion
16 master: 172.25.60.1
[root@server1 salt]# salt-key -a server1
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
server1
Proceed? [n/Y] y
Key for minion server1 accepted.
[root@server1 ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
server1
server2
server3
server4
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:2.server1安裝haproxy：
在server1的/srv/salt/目錄下新建目錄haproxy.進入haproxy目錄編輯install.sls檔案：
[[email protected] haproxy]# cat install.sls
haproxy-install:
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- haproxy
[[email protected] haproxy]# salt server1 state.sls haproxy.install
server1:
----------
ID: haproxy-install
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: haproxy
Started: 16:07:09.310949
Duration: 6465.456 ms
Changes:
----------
haproxy:
----------
new:
1.4.24-2.el6
old:
Summary for server1
------------
Succeeded: 1 (changed=1)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 1
Total run time: 6.465 s3.haproxy負載均衡
[[email protected] haproxy]# cat install.sls
haproxy-install:
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- haproxy
file.managed:
- name: /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
- source: salt://haproxy/files/haproxy.cfg
service.running:
- name: haproxy
- reload: True
- watch:
- file: haproxy-install
將/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg檔案複製到當前目錄下，修改配置檔案：
[[email protected] haproxy]# cp /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg files/
[[email protected] haproxy]# ls files/
haproxy.cfg
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
frontend main *:80
# acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets
# acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js
# use_backend static if url_static
default_backend app
backend app
balance roundrobin
server app1 172.25
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