本文將帶你一步步用python語言實現一個snake小遊戲。

轉載地址：https://www.zhihu.com/question/55873159/answer/146647646

'''
Created on 2018年5月17日

@author: within
'''
import random  
import pygame  
import sys  
from pygame.locals import *  
  
Snakespeed = 17  
Window_Width = 800  
Window_Height = 500  
Cell_Size = 20  # Width and height of the cells  
# Ensuring that the cells fit perfectly in the window. eg if cell size was  
# 10     and window width or windowheight were 15 only 1.5 cells would  
# fit.  
assert Window_Width % Cell_Size == 0, "Window width must be a multiple of cell size."  
# Ensuring that only whole integer number of cells fit perfectly in the window.  
assert Window_Height % Cell_Size == 0, "Window height must be a multiple of cell size."  
Cell_W = int(Window_Width / Cell_Size)  # Cell Width  
Cell_H = int(Window_Height / Cell_Size)  # Cellc Height  
  
  
White = (255, 255, 255)  
Black = (0, 0, 0)  
Red = (255, 0, 0)  # Defining element colors for the program.  
Green = (0, 255, 0)  
DARKGreen = (0, 155, 0)  
DARKGRAY = (40, 40, 40)     
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)  
Red_DARK = (150, 0, 0)  
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)  
BLUE_DARK = (0, 0, 150)  
  
  
BGCOLOR = Black  # Background color  
  
  
UP = 'up'  
DOWN = 'down'      # Defining keyboard keys.  
LEFT = 'left'  
RIGHT = 'right'  
  
HEAD = 0  # Syntactic sugar: index of the snake's head  
  
  
def main():  
    global SnakespeedCLOCK, DISPLAYSURF, BASICFONT  
  
    pygame.init()  
    SnakespeedCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()  
    DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((Window_Width, Window_Height))  
    BASICFONT = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 18)  
    pygame.display.set_caption('Snake')  
  
    showStartScreen()  
    while True:  
        runGame()  
        showGameOverScreen()  
  
  
def runGame():  
    # Set a random start point.  
    startx = random.randint(5, Cell_W - 6)  
    starty = random.randint(5, Cell_H - 6)  
    wormCoords = [{'x': startx, 'y': starty},  
                  {'x': startx - 1, 'y': starty},  
                  {'x': startx - 2, 'y': starty}]  
    direction = RIGHT  
  
    # Start the apple in a random place.  
    apple = getRandomLocation()  
  
    while True:  # main game loop  
        for event in pygame.event.get():  # event handling loop  
            if event.type == QUIT:  
                terminate()  
            elif event.type == KEYDOWN:  
                if (event.key == K_LEFT) and direction != RIGHT:  
                    direction = LEFT  
                elif (event.key == K_RIGHT) and direction != LEFT:  
                    direction = RIGHT  
                elif (event.key == K_UP) and direction != DOWN:  
                    direction = UP  
                elif (event.key == K_DOWN) and direction != UP:  
                    direction = DOWN  
                elif event.key == K_ESCAPE:  
                    terminate()  
  
        # check if the Snake has hit itself or the edge  
        if wormCoords[HEAD]['x'] == -1 or wormCoords[HEAD]['x'] == Cell_W or wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] == -1 or wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] == Cell_H:  
            return  # game over  
        for wormBody in wormCoords[1:]:  
            if wormBody['x'] == wormCoords[HEAD]['x'] and wormBody['y'] == wormCoords[HEAD]['y']:  
                return  # game over  
  
        # check if Snake has eaten an apply  
        if wormCoords[HEAD]['x'] == apple['x'] and wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] == apple['y']:  
            # don't remove worm's tail segment  
            apple = getRandomLocation()  # set a new apple somewhere  
        else:  
            del wormCoords[-1]  # remove worm's tail segment  
  
        # move the worm by adding a segment in the direction it is moving  
        if direction == UP:  
            newHead = {'x': wormCoords[HEAD]['x'],  
                       'y': wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] - 1}  
        elif direction == DOWN:  
            newHead = {'x': wormCoords[HEAD]['x'],  
                       'y': wormCoords[HEAD]['y'] + 1}  
        elif direction == LEFT:  
            newHead = {'x': wormCoords[HEAD][  
                'x'] - 1, 'y': wormCoords[HEAD]['y']}  
        elif direction == RIGHT:  
            newHead = {'x': wormCoords[HEAD][  
                'x'] + 1, 'y': wormCoords[HEAD]['y']}  
        wormCoords.insert(0, newHead)  
        DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)  
        drawGrid()  
        drawWorm(wormCoords)  
        drawApple(apple)  
        drawScore(len(wormCoords) - 3)  
        pygame.display.update()  
        SnakespeedCLOCK.tick(Snakespeed)  
  
  
def drawPressKeyMsg():  
    pressKeySurf = BASICFONT.render('Press a key to play.', True, White)  
    pressKeyRect = pressKeySurf.get_rect()  
    pressKeyRect.topleft = (Window_Width - 200, Window_Height - 30)  
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(pressKeySurf, pressKeyRect)  
  
  
def checkForKeyPress():  
    if len(pygame.event.get(QUIT)) > 0:  
        terminate()  
    keyUpEvents = pygame.event.get(KEYUP)  
    if len(keyUpEvents) == 0:  
        return None  
    if keyUpEvents[0].key == K_ESCAPE:  
        terminate()  
    return keyUpEvents[0].key  
  
  
def showStartScreen():  
    titleFont = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 100)  
    titleSurf1 = titleFont.render('Snake!', True, White, DARKGreen)  
    degrees1 = 0  
    degrees2 = 0  
    while True:  
        DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)  
        rotatedSurf1 = pygame.transform.rotate(titleSurf1, degrees1)  
        rotatedRect1 = rotatedSurf1.get_rect()  
        rotatedRect1.center = (Window_Width / 2, Window_Height / 2)  
        DISPLAYSURF.blit(rotatedSurf1, rotatedRect1)  
  
        drawPressKeyMsg()  
  
        if checkForKeyPress():  
            pygame.event.get()  # clear event queue  
            return  
        pygame.display.update()  
        SnakespeedCLOCK.tick(Snakespeed)  
        degrees1 += 3  # rotate by 3 degrees each frame  
        degrees2 += 7  # rotate by 7 degrees each frame  
  
  
def terminate():  
    pygame.quit()  
    sys.exit()  
  
  
def getRandomLocation():  
    return {'x': random.randint(0, Cell_W - 1), 'y': random.randint(0, Cell_H - 1)}  
  
  
def showGameOverScreen():  
    gameOverFont = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 100)  
    gameSurf = gameOverFont.render('Game', True, White)  
    overSurf = gameOverFont.render('Over', True, White)  
    gameRect = gameSurf.get_rect()  
    overRect = overSurf.get_rect()  
    gameRect.midtop = (Window_Width / 2, 10)  
    overRect.midtop = (Window_Width / 2, gameRect.height + 10 + 25)  
  
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(gameSurf, gameRect)  
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(overSurf, overRect)  
    drawPressKeyMsg()  
    pygame.display.update()  
    pygame.time.wait(500)  
    checkForKeyPress()  # clear out any key presses in the event queue  
  
    while True:  
        if checkForKeyPress():  
            pygame.event.get()  # clear event queue  
            return  
  
  
def drawScore(score):  
    scoreSurf = BASICFONT.render('Score: %s' % (score), True, White)  
    scoreRect = scoreSurf.get_rect()  
    scoreRect.topleft = (Window_Width - 120, 10)  
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(scoreSurf, scoreRect)  
  
  
def drawWorm(wormCoords):  
    for coord in wormCoords:  
        x = coord['x'] * Cell_Size  
        y = coord['y'] * Cell_Size  
        wormSegmentRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, Cell_Size, Cell_Size)  
        pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGreen, wormSegmentRect)  
        wormInnerSegmentRect = pygame.Rect(  
            x + 4, y + 4, Cell_Size - 8, Cell_Size - 8)  
        pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, Green, wormInnerSegmentRect)  
  
  
def drawApple(coord):  
    x = coord['x'] * Cell_Size  
    y = coord['y'] * Cell_Size  
    appleRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, Cell_Size, Cell_Size)  
    pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, Red, appleRect)  
  
  
def drawGrid():  
    for x in range(0, Window_Width, Cell_Size):  # draw vertical lines  
        pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGRAY, (x, 0), (x, Window_Height))  
    for y in range(0, Window_Height, Cell_Size):  # draw horizontal lines  
        pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGRAY, (0, y), (Window_Width, y))  
  
  
if __name__ == '__main__':  
    try:  
        main()  
    except SystemExit:  
        pass  
 

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