Oracle維護常用SQL語句
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-01
1、查看錶空間的名稱及大小
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
group by t.tablespace_name;
2、查看錶空間物理檔案的名稱及大小
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;
3、查看回滾段名稱及大小
select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
order by segment_name ;
4、檢視控制檔案
select name from v$controlfile;
5、檢視日誌檔案
select member from v$logfile;
6、查看錶空間的使用情況
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
7、檢視資料庫庫物件
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
8、檢視資料庫的版本
Select version FROM Product_component_version
Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)=''Oracle'';
9、檢視資料庫的建立日期和歸檔方式
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;
10、捕捉執行很久的SQL
column username format a12
column opname format a16
column progress format a8
select username,sid,opname,
round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) ''%'' as progress,
time_remaining,sql_text
from v$session_longops , v$sql
where time_remaining <> 0
and sql_address = address
and sql_hash_value = hash_value
/
11、檢視資料表的引數資訊
SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,
next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
last_analyzed
FROM dba_tab_partitions
--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
ORDER BY partition_position
12、檢視還沒提交的事務
select * from v$locked_object;
select * from v$transaction;
13、查詢object為哪些程序所用
select
p.spid,
s.sid,
s.serial# serial_num,
s.username user_name,
a.type object_type,
s.osuser os_user_name,
a.owner,
a.object object_name,
decode(sign(48 - command),
1,
to_char(command), ''Action Code #'' to_char(command) ) action,
p.program oracle_process,
s.terminal terminal,
s.program program,
s.status session_status
from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p
where s.paddr = p.addr and
s.type = ''USER'' and
a.sid = s.sid and
a.object=''SUBSCRIBER_ATTR''
order by s.username, s.osuser
14、回滾段檢視
select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents
Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,
v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,
sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,
v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and
v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum
15、耗資源的程序（top session）
select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1,
to_char(command), ''Action Code #'' to_char(command) ) action, status
session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num,
nvl(s.username, ''[Oracle process]'') user_name, s.terminal terminal,
s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$processp
where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number(''38'') and (''ALL'' = ''ALL''
or s.status = ''ALL'') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc
16、檢視鎖（lock）情況
select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name,
decode(ls.type, ''RW'', ''Row wait enqueue lock'', ''TM'', ''DML enqueue lock'', ''TX'',
''Transaction enqueue lock'', ''UL'', ''User supplied lock'') lock_type,
o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, ''Row Share'', 3,
''Row Exclusive'', 4, ''Share'', 5, ''Share Row Exclusive'', 6, ''Exclusive'', null)
lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2
from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type,
l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s,
v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner
<> ''SYS'' order by o.owner, o.object_name
17、檢視等待（wait）情況
SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value
FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN (''db block gets'',
''consistent gets'') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count
18、檢視sga情況
SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC
19、檢視catched object
SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace,
type, sharable_mem, loads, executions,
locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache
20、檢視V$SQLAREA
SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,
VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,
USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,
BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA
21、檢視object分類數量
select decode (o.type#,1,''INDEX'' , 2,''TABLE'' , 3 , ''CLUSTER'' , 4, ''VIEW'' , 5 ,
''SYNONYM'' , 6 , ''SEQUENCE'' , ''OTHER'' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from
sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,''INDEX'' , 2,''TABLE'' , 3
, ''CLUSTER'' , 4, ''VIEW'' , 5 , ''SYNONYM'' , 6 , ''SEQUENCE'' , ''OTHER'' ) union select
''COLUMN'' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select ''DB LINK'' , count(*) from
22、按使用者檢視object種類
select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,
sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))
clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,
NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,
sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))
others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# =
o.owner# and u.name <> ''PUBLIC'' group by u.name order by
sys.link$ union select ''CONSTRAINT'' , count(*) from sys.con$
23、有關connection的相關資訊
1）檢視有哪些使用者連線
select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
''Action Code #'' to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process,
status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program,
s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '''' query,
0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num
from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = ''USER''
order by s.username, s.osuser
2）根據v.sid檢視對應連線的資源佔用等情況
select n.name,
v.value,
n.class,
n.statistic#
from v$statname n,
v$sesstat v
where v.sid = 71 and
v.statistic# = n.statistic#
order by n.class, n.statistic#
3）根據sid檢視對應連線正在執行的sql
select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
command_type,
sql_text,
sharable_mem,
persistent_mem,
runtime_mem,
sorts,
version_count,
loaded_versions,
open_versions,
users_opening,
executions,
users_executing,
loads,
first_load_time,
invalidations,
parse_calls,
disk_reads,
buffer_gets,
rows_processed,
sysdate start_time,
sysdate finish_time,
''>'' address sql_address,
''N'' status
from v$sqlarea
where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)
24、查詢表空間使用情況select a.tablespace_name "表空間名稱",
100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "佔用率(%)",
round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",
round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空閒(M)",
round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",
Largest "最大擴充套件段(M)",
to_char(sysdate,''yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'') "取樣時間"
from (select f.tablespace_name,
sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,
sum(decode(f.autoextensible,''YES'',f.maxbytes,''NO'',f.bytes)) maxbytes
from dba_data_files f
group by tablespace_name) a,
(select f.tablespace_name,
sum(f.bytes) bytes_free
from dba_free_space f
group by tablespace_name) b,
(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,
ts.name tablespace_name
from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts
where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#
group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c
where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name
25、 查詢表空間的碎片程度
select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name
having count(tablespace_name)>10;
alter tablespace name coalesce;
alter table name deallocate unused;
create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,''free space'' segment_name from dba_free_space
union all
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;
select * from ts_blocks_v;
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
group by t.tablespace_name;
2、查看錶空間物理檔案的名稱及大小
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;
3、查看回滾段名稱及大小
select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
order by segment_name ;
4、檢視控制檔案
select name from v$controlfile;
5、檢視日誌檔案
select member from v$logfile;
6、查看錶空間的使用情況
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
7、檢視資料庫庫物件
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
8、檢視資料庫的版本
Select version FROM Product_component_version
Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)=''Oracle'';
9、檢視資料庫的建立日期和歸檔方式
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;
10、捕捉執行很久的SQL
column username format a12
column opname format a16
column progress format a8
select username,sid,opname,
round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) ''%'' as progress,
time_remaining,sql_text
from v$session_longops , v$sql
where time_remaining <> 0
and sql_address = address
and sql_hash_value = hash_value
/
11、檢視資料表的引數資訊
SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,
next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
last_analyzed
FROM dba_tab_partitions
--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
ORDER BY partition_position
12、檢視還沒提交的事務
select * from v$locked_object;
select * from v$transaction;
13、查詢object為哪些程序所用
select
p.spid,
s.sid,
s.serial# serial_num,
s.username user_name,
a.type object_type,
s.osuser os_user_name,
a.owner,
a.object object_name,
decode(sign(48 - command),
1,
to_char(command), ''Action Code #'' to_char(command) ) action,
p.program oracle_process,
s.terminal terminal,
s.program program,
s.status session_status
from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p
where s.paddr = p.addr and
s.type = ''USER'' and
a.sid = s.sid and
a.object=''SUBSCRIBER_ATTR''
order by s.username, s.osuser
14、回滾段檢視
select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents
Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,
v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,
sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,
v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and
v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum
15、耗資源的程序（top session）
select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1,
to_char(command), ''Action Code #'' to_char(command) ) action, status
session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num,
nvl(s.username, ''[Oracle process]'') user_name, s.terminal terminal,
s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$processp
where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number(''38'') and (''ALL'' = ''ALL''
or s.status = ''ALL'') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc
16、檢視鎖（lock）情況
select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name,
decode(ls.type, ''RW'', ''Row wait enqueue lock'', ''TM'', ''DML enqueue lock'', ''TX'',
''Transaction enqueue lock'', ''UL'', ''User supplied lock'') lock_type,
o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, ''Row Share'', 3,
''Row Exclusive'', 4, ''Share'', 5, ''Share Row Exclusive'', 6, ''Exclusive'', null)
lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2
from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type,
l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s,
v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner
<> ''SYS'' order by o.owner, o.object_name
17、檢視等待（wait）情況
SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value
FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN (''db block gets'',
''consistent gets'') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count
18、檢視sga情況
SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC
19、檢視catched object
SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace,
type, sharable_mem, loads, executions,
locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache
20、檢視V$SQLAREA
SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,
VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,
USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,
BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA
21、檢視object分類數量
select decode (o.type#,1,''INDEX'' , 2,''TABLE'' , 3 , ''CLUSTER'' , 4, ''VIEW'' , 5 ,
''SYNONYM'' , 6 , ''SEQUENCE'' , ''OTHER'' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from
sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,''INDEX'' , 2,''TABLE'' , 3
, ''CLUSTER'' , 4, ''VIEW'' , 5 , ''SYNONYM'' , 6 , ''SEQUENCE'' , ''OTHER'' ) union select
''COLUMN'' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select ''DB LINK'' , count(*) from
22、按使用者檢視object種類
select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,
sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))
clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,
NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,
sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))
others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# =
o.owner# and u.name <> ''PUBLIC'' group by u.name order by
sys.link$ union select ''CONSTRAINT'' , count(*) from sys.con$
23、有關connection的相關資訊
1）檢視有哪些使用者連線
select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
''Action Code #'' to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process,
status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program,
s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '''' query,
0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num
from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = ''USER''
order by s.username, s.osuser
2）根據v.sid檢視對應連線的資源佔用等情況
select n.name,
v.value,
n.class,
n.statistic#
from v$statname n,
v$sesstat v
where v.sid = 71 and
v.statistic# = n.statistic#
order by n.class, n.statistic#
3）根據sid檢視對應連線正在執行的sql
select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
command_type,
sql_text,
sharable_mem,
persistent_mem,
runtime_mem,
sorts,
version_count,
loaded_versions,
open_versions,
users_opening,
executions,
users_executing,
loads,
first_load_time,
invalidations,
parse_calls,
disk_reads,
buffer_gets,
rows_processed,
sysdate start_time,
sysdate finish_time,
''>'' address sql_address,
''N'' status
from v$sqlarea
where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)
24、查詢表空間使用情況select a.tablespace_name "表空間名稱",
100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "佔用率(%)",
round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",
round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空閒(M)",
round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",
Largest "最大擴充套件段(M)",
to_char(sysdate,''yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'') "取樣時間"
from (select f.tablespace_name,
sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,
sum(decode(f.autoextensible,''YES'',f.maxbytes,''NO'',f.bytes)) maxbytes
from dba_data_files f
group by tablespace_name) a,
(select f.tablespace_name,
sum(f.bytes) bytes_free
from dba_free_space f
group by tablespace_name) b,
(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,
ts.name tablespace_name
from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts
where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#
group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c
where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name
25、 查詢表空間的碎片程度
select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name
having count(tablespace_name)>10;
alter tablespace name coalesce;
alter table name deallocate unused;
create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,''free space'' segment_name from dba_free_space
union all
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;
select * from ts_blocks_v;
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;