環境：

OS：Redhat 5.5 64Bit

DB：Oracle 11.2.0.3 64Bit  Grid/Database

VM 虛擬機器

說明：在Oracle10g 版本中兩種是在一個介質中，11g是分為兩個介質。

步驟：

1：Linux系統磁碟管理（磁碟組、裸裝置等）

2：Grid軟體安裝

3：Database軟體安裝

4：ASM管理

一：Linux系統磁碟管理

一般情況下，我們都是在我的虛擬機器做實驗，所以，我一開始規劃了硬碟儲存比如40GB，安裝完Linux作業系統，系統只有一個sda，而且預設情況下這個容量不能再分配空間了，我們需要再新增一塊硬碟，使用fdisk命令如下

[[email protected]
 
 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        5221    41833260   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         974     7823623+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             975        1948     7823655   83  Linux
 

[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').
----------輸入m 檢視幫助
Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)
-------------輸入p檢視
Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf9f81f26

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
-----------輸入n新建分割槽（e是擴充套件分割槽，p是主要分割槽）
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
 

-----------建立主分割槽，輸入分割槽號1，設定大小+8G
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +8G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf9f81f26

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        1045     8393931   83  Linux

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (1046-2610, default 1046): 
Using default value 1046
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1046-2610, default 2610): +8G       

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf9f81f26

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        1045     8393931   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2            1046        2090     8393962+  83  Linux
-----------輸入w儲存
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

原因：linux上，在安裝系統之後，建立分割槽並且在不重新啟動機器的情況下系統能夠識別這些分割槽需要使用partprobe。

到目前為止，我們的這些分割槽

1：可以直接Mount路徑進行檔案系統的儲存

使用分割槽，要進行格式化，比如下面是格式化為ext3的檔案系統mkfs.ext3  /dev/sdb1

2：Oracle資料庫掛接裸裝置

下面是怎麼將分割槽檔案對映為裸裝置，我們需要在如下檔案新增記錄

[[email protected] ~]# more /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules
# Enter raw device bindings here.
#
# An example would be:
#   ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sda, or
#   ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8", ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw
2 %M %m"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw2 to the device with major 8, minor 1.

ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb2", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %N"
KERNEL=="raw*", OWNER="grid" GROUP="dba", MODE="0660"

然後是將我的檔案許可權賦予grid使用者（後面安裝Grid需要建立）

執行完畢，儲存檔案需要重啟一下服務 start_udev

然後檢視raw路徑

[[email protected] ~]# ls /dev/raw
raw1  raw2

二：安裝Grid軟體

其實安裝Grid軟體，比較簡單，如果安裝過DB軟體，基本上一樣，在安裝介面有幾個需要注意

1：建立grid使用者  所屬dba組

2：安裝軟體，在安裝過程中需要注意如下介面

建立ASM磁碟組，名字griddg，選擇相關的裸裝置raw1

剩下的基本預設安裝即可

3：配置一下grid使用者的環境變數

安裝完畢之後，可以檢視作業系統是否有asm程序

[[email protected] ~]$ ps -ef | grep  asm
avahi     3322     1  0 11:03 ?        00:00:00 avahi-daemon: running [asm.local]
grid     26982     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_pmon_+ASM
grid     26984     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_psp0_+ASM
grid     26986     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_vktm_+ASM
grid     26990     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_gen0_+ASM
grid     26992     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_diag_+ASM
grid     26994     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_dia0_+ASM
grid     26996     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_mman_+ASM
grid     26998     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_dbw0_+ASM
grid     27000     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_lgwr_+ASM
grid     27002     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_ckpt_+ASM
grid     27004     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_smon_+ASM
grid     27006     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_rbal_+ASM
grid     27008     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_gmon_+ASM
grid     27010     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_mmon_+ASM
grid     27012     1  0 12:51 ?        00:00:00 asm_mmnl_+ASM
grid     27081 27056  0 12:56 pts/4    00:00:00 grep asm

login as: grid
[email protected]'s password:
Last login: Wed Dec 11 12:36:47 2013 from 192.168.100.111
-----------這裡面必須使用sysasm來登入而不能使用sysdba
[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Dec 11 13:07:41 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option

SQL> set line 2000
SQL> set long 2000
---------檢視磁碟狀態，現在是兩個裸裝置Raw1和raw2，raw1已經被使用了建立griddg磁碟組了
SQL> select name,path from v$asm_disk;

NAME                           PATH
------------------------------ ------------------
                               /dev/raw/raw2
GRIDDG_0000                    /dev/raw/raw1


-----------檢視磁碟組狀態，可以看到griddg是mounted狀態
SQL> select name ,state from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME                           STATE
------------------------------ -----------
GRIDDG                         MOUNTED

關於ASM的相關檢視，可以參考如下

同樣，ASM也提供了ASMCMD命令來讓使用者更好的管理ASM

[[email protected] ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> help

            asmcmd [-V] [-v <errors|warnings|normal|info|debug>] [--privilege <s                                                                                                              ysasm|sysdba>] [-p] [command]
asmcmd_no_conn_str

        Starts asmcmd or executes the command

        asmcmd [-V] [-v <errors|warnings|normal|info|debug>] [--privilege <sysas                                                                                                              m|sysdba>] [-p] [command]

        The environment variables ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID determine the
        instance to which the program connects, and ASMCMD establishes a
        bequeath connection to it, in the same manner as a SQLPLUS / AS
        SYSASM.  The user must be a member of the OSASM group.

        Specifying the -V option prints the asmcmd version number and
        exits immediately.

        Specifying the -v option prints extra information that can help
        advanced users diagnose problems.

        Specify the --privilege option to choose the type of connection. There a                                                                                                              re
        only two possibilities: connecting as SYSASM or as SYSDBA.
        The default value if this option is unspecified is SYSASM.

        Specifying the -p option allows the current directory to be displayed
        in the command prompt, like so:

        ASMCMD [+DATA/ORCL/CONTROLFILE] >

        [command] specifies one of the following commands, along with its
        parameters.

        Type "help [command]" to get help on a specific ASMCMD command.';

        commands:
        --------

        md_backup, md_restore

        lsattr, setattr

        cd, cp, du, find, help, ls, lsct, lsdg, lsof, mkalias
        mkdir, pwd, rm, rmalias

        chdg, chkdg, dropdg, iostat, lsdsk, lsod, mkdg, mount
        offline, online, rebal, remap, umount

        dsget, dsset, lsop, shutdown, spbackup, spcopy, spget
        spmove, spset, startup

        chtmpl, lstmpl, mktmpl, rmtmpl

        chgrp, chmod, chown, groups, grpmod, lsgrp, lspwusr, lsusr
        mkgrp, mkusr, orapwusr, passwd, rmgrp, rmusr

        volcreate, voldelete, voldisable, volenable, volinfo
        volresize, volset, volstat

三：安裝DB軟體

在安裝DB軟體之前，需要使用ASMCA來建立資料磁碟組

點選建立

建立完畢之後，我們就可以安裝DB軟體了

安裝DB軟體，我們選擇先安裝軟體，後建庫的模式

安裝完軟體，配置好oracle使用者的環境變數，然後執行dbca，選擇自定義建庫模式

在選擇資料庫儲存的時候 選擇ASM，然後選擇區域即可

我們可以使用sqlplus連線，檢視檔案儲存位置來確認是否建庫完畢

[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Dec 11 17:58:29 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATADG/orcl/datafile/system.260.833896429
+DATADG/orcl/datafile/sysaux.261.833896455
+DATADG/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.262.833896477
+DATADG/orcl/datafile/users.264.833896499