Cobbler批量安裝部署-帥的一批

阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-01

Cobbler批量安裝部署

本文由帥氣的張存張先生創作，聯絡方式15600080087（微信同步）QQ1776803208

1. Cobbler介紹

Cobbler是一個Linux伺服器安裝的服務，可以通過網路啟動(PXE)的方式來快速安裝、重灌物理伺服器和虛擬機器，同時還可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令列方式管理，也提供了基於Web的介面管理工具(cobbler-web)，還提供了API介面，可以方便二次開發使用。

Cobbler是較早前的kickstart的升級版，優點是比較容易配置，還自帶web介面比較易於管理。

Cobbler內建了一個輕量級配置管理系統，但它也支援和其它配置管理系統整合，如Puppet，暫時不支援SaltStack。

1.1 Cobbler整合的服務

PXE服務支援
DHCP服務管理
DNS服務管理(可選bind,dnsmasq)
電源管理
Kickstart服務支援
YUM倉庫管理
TFTP(PXE啟動時需要)
Apache(提供kickstart的安裝源，並提供定製化的kickstart配置)

1.2 系統環境準備

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS release 6.5 (Final)

[[email protected] ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64

[[email protected] ~]# getenforce

Disabled

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables status

iptables: Firewall is not running.

[[email protected] ~]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+" 'NR==2 {print $4}'

192.168.1.45

[[email protected] ~]# hostname

zhangcun

# 配置阿里雲的epel源

[[email protected] 
 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

[[email protected]~]#wget https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org//packages/Django14/1.4.14/1.el6/noarch/Django14-1.4.14-1.el6.noarch.rpm

2. Cobbler安裝配置

2.1 安裝Cobbler

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ql cobbler # 檢視安裝的檔案，下面列出部分。

/etc/cobbler # 配置檔案目錄

/etc/cobbler/settings # cobbler主配置檔案，這個檔案是YAML格式，Cobbler是python寫的程式。

/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template # DHCP服務的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template # tftp服務的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/rsync.template # rsync服務的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/iso # iso模板配置檔案目錄

/etc/cobbler/pxe # pxe模板檔案目錄

/etc/cobbler/power # 電源的配置檔案目錄

/etc/cobbler/users.conf # Web服務授權配置檔案

/etc/cobbler/users.digest     # 用於web訪問的使用者名稱密碼配置檔案

/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS服務的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/modules.conf     # Cobbler模組配置檔案

/var/lib/cobbler              # Cobbler資料目錄

/var/lib/cobbler/config       # 配置檔案

/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts   # 預設存放kickstart檔案

/var/lib/cobbler/loaders      # 存放的各種載入程式

/var/www/cobbler              # 系統安裝映象目錄

/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror    # 匯入的系統映象列表

/var/www/cobbler/images       # 匯入的系統映象啟動檔案

/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror  # yum源儲存目錄

/var/log/cobbler              # 日誌目錄

/var/log/cobbler/install.log  # 客戶端系統安裝日誌

/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log  # cobbler日誌

2.2 配置Cobbler

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart

停止httpd： [失敗]

正在啟動 httpd： [確定]

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd start

Starting cobbler daemon: [確定]

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler check

# 檢查Cobbler的配置，如果看不到下面的結果，再次執行/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.

2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.

3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

5 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

6 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one

7 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

# 看著上面的結果，一個一個解決。

# 第1、2、6個問題，順便修改其他功能

[[email protected] ~]# cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori} # 備份

# server，Cobbler伺服器的IP。

sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.1.45/' /etc/cobbler/settings

# next_server，如果用Cobbler管理DHCP，修改本項，作用不解釋，看kickstart。

sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.1.45/' /etc/cobbler/settings

# 用Cobbler管理DHCP

sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings

# 防止迴圈裝系統，適用於伺服器第一啟動項是PXE啟動。

sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings

# 設定新裝系統的預設root密碼123456。下面的命令來源於提示6。random-phrase-here為干擾碼，可以自行設定。

[[email protected] ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'zhangcun' '123456'

$1$zhangcun$fHRSYDNc8fX.DBOrJ/oDi1

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

default_password_crypted: "$1$zhangcun$fHRSYDNc8fX.DBOrJ/oDi1"

# 第3個問題

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler get-loaders # 會自動從官網下載

[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ # 下載的內容

[[email protected] loaders]# ls

COPYING.elilo COPYING.yaboot grub-x86_64.efi menu.c32 README

COPYING.syslinux elilo-ia64.efi grub-x86.efi pxelinux.0 yaboot

# 第4個問題

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

disable = no

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

停止 xinetd： [確定]

正在啟動 xinetd： [確定]

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart

Stopping cobbler daemon: [確定]

Starting cobbler daemon: [確定]

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories # 和debian系統相關，不需要

2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them # fence裝置相關，不需要

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

2.3 配置DHCP

# 修改cobbler的dhcp模版，不要直接修改dhcp本身的配置檔案，因為cobbler會覆蓋。

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

# 僅列出修改過的欄位

……

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers 192.168.1.1;

option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;

……

2.4 同步cobbler配置

# 同步最新cobbler配置，它會根據配置自動修改dhcp等服務。

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler sync # 同步所有配置，可以仔細看一下sync做了什麼。

task started: 2015-12-03_204822_sync

task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Dec 3 20:48:22 2015)

running pre-sync triggers

cleaning trees

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images

copying bootloaders

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0

copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot

trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

copying distros to tftpboot

copying images

generating PXE configuration files

generating PXE menu structure

rendering DHCP files

generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

rendering TFTPD files

generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

cleaning link caches

running post-sync triggers

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

running: dhcpd -t -q

received on stdout:

received on stderr:

running: service dhcpd restart

received on stdout: 關閉 dhcpd：[確定]

正在啟動 dhcpd：[確定]

received on stderr:

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

# 再看一下dhcp的配置檔案。

[[email protected] ~]# less /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

# ******************************************************************

# Cobbler managed dhcpd.conf file

# generated from cobbler dhcp.conf template (Thu Dec 3 12:48:23 2015)

# Do NOT make changes to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Instead, make your changes

# in /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template, as /etc/dhcpd.conf will be

# overwritten.

# ******************************************************************

ddns-update-style interim;

…………

2.5 開機啟動

# 啟動相關服務並設定開機啟動(可選) 與第二種方法二選一

chkconfig httpd on

chkconfig xinetd on

chkconfig cobblerd on

chkconfig dhcpd on

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

/etc/init.d/xinetd restart

/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart

/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart

# 編寫Cobbler相關服務啟動指令碼(可選)

cat >>/etc/init.d/cobbler<<EOF

#!/bin/bash

# chkconfig: 345 80 90

# description:cobbler

case \$1 in

start)

/etc/init.d/httpd start

/etc/init.d/xinetd start

/etc/init.d/dhcpd start

/etc/init.d/cobblerd start

;;

stop)

/etc/init.d/httpd stop

/etc/init.d/xinetd stop

/etc/init.d/dhcpd stop

/etc/init.d/cobblerd stop

;;

restart)

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

/etc/init.d/xinetd restart

/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart

/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart

;;

status)

/etc/init.d/httpd status

/etc/init.d/xinetd status

/etc/init.d/dhcpd status

/etc/init.d/cobblerd status

;;

sync)

cobbler sync

;;

echo "Input error,please in put 'start|stop|restart|status|sync'!"

exit 2

;;

esac

EOF

# chmod +x /etc/init.d/cobbler

# chkconfig cobbler on

3. Cobbler的命令列管理

3.1 檢視命令幫助

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler

usage

=====

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler import --help # 匯入映象

Usage: cobbler [options]

Options:

-h, --help show this help message and exit

--arch=ARCH OS architecture being imported

--breed=BREED the breed being imported

--os-version=OS_VERSION

the version being imported

--path=PATH local path or rsync location

--name=NAME name, ex 'RHEL-5'

--available-as=AVAILABLE_AS

tree is here, don't mirror

--kickstart=KICKSTART_FILE

assign this kickstart file

--rsync-flags=RSYNC_FLAGS

pass additional flags to rsync

cobbler check 核對當前設定是否有問題

cobbler list 列出所有的cobbler元素

cobbler report 列出元素的詳細資訊

cobbler sync 同步配置到資料目錄,更改配置最好都要執行下

cobbler reposync 同步yum倉庫

cobbler distro 檢視匯入的發行版系統資訊

cobbler system 檢視新增的系統資訊

cobbler profile 檢視配置資訊

3.2 匯入映象

[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ # 掛載CentOS6的系統映象。

# 匯入系統映象

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-6.5-x86_64 --arch=x86_64

# --path 映象路徑

# --name 為安裝源定義一個名字

# --arch 指定安裝源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支援的選項有: x86│x86_64│ia64

# 安裝源的唯一標示就是根據name引數來定義，本例匯入成功後，安裝源的唯一標示就是：CentOS-1-x86_64，如果重複，系統會提示匯入失敗。

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler distro list # 檢視映象列表

CentOS-6.5-x86_64

# 映象存放目錄，cobbler會將映象中的所有安裝檔案拷貝到本地一份，放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror下的CentOS-6.5-x86_64目錄下。因此/var/www/cobbler目錄必須具有足夠容納安裝檔案的空間。

[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/

[[email protected] ks_mirror]# ls

CentOS-6.5-x86_64 config

[[email protected] ks_mirror]# ls CentOS-6.5-x86_64/

CentOS_BuildTag GPL LiveOS RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

EFI images Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7

EULA isolinux repodata TRANS.TBL

3.3 指定ks.cfg檔案及調整核心引數

# Cobbler的ks.cfg檔案存放位置

[[email protected] ks_mirror]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/

[[email protected] kickstarts]# ls # 自帶很多

default.ks install_profiles sample_autoyast.xml sample_esxiks sample_old.seed

esxi4-ks.cfg legacy.ks sample_end.ks（預設使用的ks檔案） sample_esxiks sample.seed

esxi5-ks.cfg pxerescue.ks sample_esx4.ks sample.ks

[[email protected] kickstarts]# rz # 上傳準備好的ks檔案 (索要檔案請加微信zcun8866)

rz waiting to receive.

Starting zmodem transfer. Press Ctrl+C to cancel.

Transferring Cobbler-CentOS-6.5-x86_64.cfg...

100% 1 KB 1 KB/sec 00:00:01 0 Errors

[[email protected] kickstarts]# mv Cobbler-CentOS-6.5-x86_64.cfg CentOS-6.5-x86_64.cfg

# 在第一次匯入系統映象後，Cobbler會給映象指定一個預設的kickstart自動安裝檔案在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts下的sample_end.ks。

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler list

distros:

CentOS-6.5-x86_64

profiles:

CentOS-6.5-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:

# 檢視安裝映象檔案資訊

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler distro report --name=CentOS-6.5-x86_64

Name : CentOS-6.5-x86_64

Architecture : x86_64

TFTP Boot Files : {}

Breed : redhat

Comment :

Fetchable Files : {}

Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img

Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz

Kernel Options : {}

Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}

Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@[email protected]@/cblr/links/CentOS-6.5-x86_64'}

Management Classes : []

OS Version : rhel7

Owners : ['admin']

Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>

Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>

Template Files : {}

# 檢視所有的profile設定

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile report

# 檢視指定的profile設定

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile report --name=CentOS-6.5-x86_64

Name : CentOS-6.5-x86_64

TFTP Boot Files : {}

Comment :

DHCP Tag : default

Distribution : CentOS-6.5-x86_64

Enable gPXE? : 0

Enable PXE Menu? : 1

Fetchable Files : {}

Kernel Options : {}

Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}

Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks -->預設ks檔案

Kickstart Metadata : {}

Management Classes : []

Management Parameters : <<inherit>>

Name Servers : []

Name Servers Search Path : []

Owners : ['admin']

Parent Profile :

Internal proxy :

Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>

Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>

Repos : []

Server Override : <<inherit>>

Template Files : {}

Virt Auto Boot : 1

Virt Bridge : xenbr0

Virt CPUs : 1

Virt Disk Driver Type : raw

Virt File Size(GB) : 5

Virt Path :

Virt RAM (MB) : 512

Virt Type : kvm

# 編輯profile，修改關聯的ks檔案

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-6.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-6.5-x86_64.cfg

# 修改安裝系統的核心引數，在CentOS7系統有一個地方變了，就是網絡卡名變成eno16777736這種形式，但是為了運維標準化，我們需要將它變成我們常用的eth0，因此使用下面的引數。但要注意是CentOS7才需要下面的步驟，CentOS6不需要。

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.2-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile report CentOS-6.5-x86_64

Name : CentOS-6.5-x86_64

TFTP Boot Files : {}

Comment :

DHCP Tag : default

Distribution : CentOS-6.5-x86_64

Enable gPXE? : 0

Enable PXE Menu? : 1

Fetchable Files : {}

Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}

Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}

Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-6.5-x86_64.cfg

Kickstart Metadata : {}

Management Classes : []

Management Parameters : <<inherit>>

Name Servers : []

Name Servers Search Path : []

Owners : ['admin']

Parent Profile :

Internal proxy :

Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>

Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>

Repos : []

Server Override : <<inherit>>

Template Files : {}

Virt Auto Boot : 1

Virt Bridge : xenbr0

Virt CPUs : 1

Virt Disk Driver Type : raw

Virt File Size(GB) : 5

Virt Path :

Virt RAM (MB) : 512

Virt Type : kvm

# 每次修改完都要同步一次

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler sync

3.4 安裝系統

可以很愉快的告訴你到這裡就可以安裝系統了！

不解釋，開機就可以看到下面的圖片了

Cobbler批量安裝部署-帥的一批