目錄

1. 使用H2資料庫測試

2. 使用PowerMock和Mockito進行Service層測試

   • 簡單方法如何測試
   • 複雜方法如何測試

3. 使用MockMvc進行Controller層單元測試

   • 簡單方法如何測試
   • 需要登陸或者許可權的方法如何測試
4. 使用SpringTest進行Dao層測試

1.使用H2資料庫測試

配置檔案：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 
 xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
 
>

    <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2" database-name="cardapy">
        <jdbc:script location="classpath:h2_type.sql"/>
        <jdbc:script location="classpath:create-db-res.sql"/>
        <jdbc:script location="classpath:insert-data.sql"/>
    </jdbc:embedded-database
 
>

    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:conf/mybatis-config.xml"/>
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.cardpay,
        com.cardpay.common.mapper,
        com.cardpay.mgt.usermanager.model"/>
        <!--<property name="mapperLocations" value="**/model/*.xml"/>-->
        <!--返回Map的攔截器-->
        <property name="plugins">
            <array>
                <bean class="com.cardpay.common.intercepts.SqlTimeInterceptor"/>
                <bean class="com.cardpay.common.intercepts.MapInterceptor"/>
                <bean class="com.github.pagehelper.PageHelper">
                    <property name="properties">
                        <value>
                            rowBoundsWithCount = true
                            reasonable = true
                        </value>
                    </property>
                </bean>
            </array>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!-- 這裡如果全部掃描的話, 會有問題-->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.cardpay"/>
        <property name="markerInterface" value="com.cardpay.common.base.dao.IBaseDao"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- (事務管理)transaction manager, use JtaTransactionManager for global tx -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

資料庫型別：

SET MODE MySQL;

資料庫指令碼：
需要注意的是SQL指令碼不支援註釋，需要刪除如下後才能執行

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for b_repayment_plan
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS b_repayment_plan;
CREATE TABLE b_repayment_plan (
  id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  application_id int(11) DEFAULT NULL ,
  status tinyint(2) DEFAULT NULL ,
  repay_date timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL ,
  loan_term varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL ,
  monthly_payment varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL ,
  real_repay_date timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY (id),
  KEY repayment_applicatin_fk_idx73 (application_id) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=37 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

插入的資料：
配置檔案中已經指明database-name所有插入資料時SQL中不需要指定資料庫

INSERT INTO `t_application_var` VALUES ('8', '1', '689', '1', null);
INSERT INTO `t_application_var` VALUES ('561896', '1945', '580', '100', '2');

2.使用PowerMock和Mockito進行Service層測試

1. 簡單方法

在任何需要用到 PowerMock 的類開始之前，首先我們要做如下宣告：
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
然後，還需要用註釋的形式將需要測試的靜態方法提供給 PowerMock：
@PrepareForTest( { YourClassWithEgStaticMethod.class })

@mock為一個interface提供一個虛擬的實現。
@InjectMocks將本test類中的mock（或@mock）注入到被標註的物件中去，也就是說被標註的物件中需要使用標註了mock（或@mock）的物件。
在測試中，可以使用 When().thenReturn()語句來指定被引用的方法返回任意需要的值，達到覆蓋測試的效果。
assertEquals為Junit的斷言方法，驗證返回值是否為預期值
verify驗證在測試中是否呼叫了指定的方法並且是預期的值

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({ExpertApplicationServiceImpl.class})
public class ExpertApplicationServiceImplTest {

    @Mock
    private ExpertApplicationMapper expertApplicationMapper;

    @Mock
    private ApplicationMapper applicationMapper;

    @InjectMocks
    private ExpertApplicationServiceImpl expertApplicationService;

    @Test
    public void update() throws Exception {
        ExpertApplication expertApplication = new ExpertApplication();
        List<ExpertApplication> expertApplicationList = new ArrayList<>();
        when(expertApplicationMapper.update(expertApplication)).thenReturn(1);
        int updateResult = expertApplicationService.update(expertApplication);
        assertEquals(1,updateResult);
        verify(expertApplicationMapper).update(expertApplication);
    }

原方法:

    @Override
    public int update(ExpertApplication obj) {
        return expertApplicationDao.update(obj);
    }

2. 複雜方法

這裡介紹一下稍微複雜一點的方法如何測試
這個方法主要問題是在原方法中使用添加了new出來的物件並呼叫了add方法
如果不做任何處理的話在verify方法add時會丟擲異常，因為測試中new出的物件和verify驗證的物件並不是同一個物件。解決辦法是使用：
whenNew(ExpertApplication.class).withAnyArguments().thenReturn(expertApplication);
這個方法可以在測試程式碼中new的物件也替換為做自己指定的物件！
測試方法：

    @Test
    public void division() throws Exception {
        Integer applicationId = 1234;
        String ids = "1,2,3,4,5";
        String finalId = "6";
        Application application = new Application();
        application.setId(applicationId);
        ExpertApplication expertApplication = new ExpertApplication();

        when(applicationMapper.get(applicationId)).thenReturn(application);
        whenNew(ExpertApplication.class).withAnyArguments().thenReturn(expertApplication);

        expertApplicationService.division(applicationId,ids,finalId);

        verify(expertApplicationMapper).delete(applicationId);
        verify(expertApplicationMapper,times(6)).add(expertApplication);
    }

原方法：

    @Override
    public int division(Integer applicationId, String expertIds, String finalExpertId) {
        expertApplicationDao.delete(applicationId);
        String[] expertIdArray = expertIds.split(",");
        Date date = new Date();
        //--------------給普通專家進行分案----------
        for (String expertId : expertIdArray) {
            ExpertApplication expertApplication = new ExpertApplication();
            expertApplication.setExpertId(Integer.parseInt(expertId));
            expertApplication.setApplicationId(applicationId);
            expertApplication.setExpertEvaluationResult(EXPERT_REVIEWING.getStatusKey());
            expertApplication.setIfBoss(EXPERT);
            expertApplication.setCreatedAt(date);//建立時間
            expertApplication.setModifiedAt(date);//更新修改時間
            expertApplicationDao.add(expertApplication);
        }
        //--------------新增終審專家資料------------------------
        ExpertApplication expertApplication = new ExpertApplication();
        expertApplication.setExpertId(Integer.parseInt(finalExpertId));
        expertApplication.setApplicationId(applicationId);
        expertApplication.setExpertEvaluationResult(EXPERT_REVIEWING.getStatusKey());
        expertApplication.setIfBoss(FINAL_EXPERT);
        expertApplication.setCreatedAt(date);//建立時間
        expertApplication.setModifiedAt(date);//更新修改時間
        expertApplicationDao.add(expertApplication);
        //-------------------更新進件狀態---------------------------------------
        Application application = applicationDao.get(applicationId);
        application.setStatus(EXPERT_REVIEWING.getStatusKey());// 專家評審中
        return applicationDao.update(application);
    }

3.使用MockMvc進行Controller層單元測試

首先需要繼承基類

@Rollback
@Transactional
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(name = "child", locations = {"classpath:pccims-servlet-test.xml"})
public abstract class TestEnv extends BaseTest {

    protected MockMvc mockMvc;

    protected Subject subject;

    protected static User baseUser;

    static {
        baseUser = User.UserBuilder.get().withId(1).withName("manager").withEmail("[email protected]")
                .withPassword("7d9ca79d6ead7127c3a17fd00c1e6090").build();
    }

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        SecurityManager securityManger = PowerMockito.mock(SecurityManager.class, Mockito.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS);
        ThreadContext.bind(securityManger);
        subject = new Subject.Builder(getSecurityManager()).buildSubject();
        setSubject(subject);
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
    }

    protected void setUser(User user, String role) {
        PowerMockito.when(subject.getPrincipal()).thenReturn(user);
        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(role)) {
            PowerMockito.when(subject.hasRole(role)).thenReturn(true);
        } else {
            role = user.getName();
            switch (role) {
                case Constant.ROLE_ADMIN:
                    PowerMockito.when(subject.hasRole(Constant.ROLE_ADMIN)).thenReturn(true);
                    break;
                case Constant.ROLE_MANAGER:
                    PowerMockito.when(subject.hasRole(Constant.ROLE_MANAGER)).thenReturn(true);
                    break;
                case Constant.ROLE_LEADER:
                    PowerMockito.when(subject.hasRole(Constant.ROLE_LEADER)).thenReturn(true);
                    break;
                case Constant.ROLE_EXPERT:
                    PowerMockito.when(subject.hasRole(Constant.ROLE_EXPERT)).thenReturn(true);
                    break;
                default:
                    PowerMockito.when(subject.hasRole(role)).thenReturn(false);
            }
        }
    }

    protected void setUser(User user) {
        setUser(user, null);
    }
}

1.簡單方法

目前介面都是返回json，所以主要測試的就是返回的json是否正確
如何使用JsonPath請參考：
mockMvc.perform執行一個請求；
delete("/api/experts/1")構造一個請求
andExpect新增執行完成後的斷言

    @Test
    public void deleteTest() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(delete("/api/experts/1"))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.code").value(200));
    }

2.需要登陸或者許可權的方法

baseUser預設是客戶經理角色，如需要其他角色許可權可以自行建立User並set

    @Test
    public void add() throws Exception {
        setUser(baseUser);
        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/experts").param("name","A").param("cname","趙鐵柱"))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.code").value(200));
    }

4.使用SpringTest進行Dao層測試

繼承基類
注意此基類和Controller層基類不同

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PowerMockRunnerDelegate(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@PowerMockIgnore("javax.management.*")
@ContextConfiguration(locations={ "classpath:spring-core-config-test.xml","classpath:pccims-servlet-test.xml"})
//配置事務的回滾,對資料庫的增刪改都會回滾,便於測試用例的迴圈利用
@Rollback
@Transactional
public abstract class TestEnv{}

Dao層測試比較簡單隻需要在資料庫插入需要的測試資料並且呼叫mapper方法測試SQL返回的資料是否和預期一樣即可

    @Autowired
    private ExpertMapper expertMapper;

    @Test
    public void findByDivisionalRules() throws Exception {
        Expert expert = new Expert();
        expert.setAreaDivisionalRules("陝西");
        expert.setProductType("3");
        List<Expert> expertList = expertMapper.findByDivisionalRules(expert);
        assertTrue(expertList.size() > 0);
    }