CentOS 6.6 yum源完全配置
本文來自Q群52240781
一 yum 簡介
yum,是"Yellow dog Updater,Modified"的簡稱,是杜克大學為了提高RPM軟體包安裝性而開發的一種軟體包管理器. 起初是由yellow dog這一發行版的開發者Terra Soft研發,用python寫成,那時還叫做yup(yellow dog updater),後經杜克大學的[email protected]開發團隊進行改進,遂有此名. yum的宗旨是自動化地升級,安裝/移除rpm包,收集rpm包的相關資訊,檢查依賴性並自動提示使用者解決. yum的關鍵之處是要有可靠的repository,顧名思義,這是軟體的倉庫,它可以是http或ftp站點,也可以是本地軟體池,但必須包含rpm的header,header包括了rpm包的各種資訊,包括描述,功能,提供的檔案,依賴性等.
正是收集了這些header並加以分析,才能自動化地完成餘下的任務.
yum 的理念是使用一箇中心倉庫(repository)管理一部分甚至一個distribution的應用程式相互關係,根據計算出來的軟體依賴關係進行相關的升級,安裝, 刪除等操作,減少了Linux使用者一直頭痛的dependencies的問題. 這一點上,yum和apt相同. apt原為debian的deb型別軟體管理所使用,但是現在也能用到RedHat 門下的rpm了.
yum主要功能是更方便的新增/刪除/更新RPM包,自動解決包的依賴性問題,便於管理大量系統的更新問題.
yum可以同時配置多個資源庫(Repository),簡潔的配置檔案(/etc/yum.conf),自動解決增加或刪除rpm包時遇到的依賴性問題,保持與RPM資料庫的一致性.
+--------------------------+
| 使用Yum下載RPM包而不安裝
+--------------------------+
方法一：通過yum自帶一個工具：yumdownloader
# yum -y install yum-utils*
# rpm -ql yum-utils
/usr/bin/debuginfo-install
/usr/bin/package-cleanup
/usr/bin/repo-graph
/usr/bin/repo-rss
/usr/bin/repoclosure
/usr/bin/repodiff
/usr/bin/repomanage
/usr/bin/repoquery
/usr/bin/reposync
/usr/bin/repotrack
/usr/bin/verifytree
/usr/bin/yum-builddep
/usr/bin/yum-debug-dump
/usr/bin/yum-groups-manager
/usr/bin/yumdownloader #可以看到yumdownloade這個工具是由yum-utils這個軟體安裝生成的！
安裝好後就可以直接使用了，使用非常簡單，如下：
# yumdownloader vlock
vlock-1.3-23.i386.rpm | 11 kB 00:00
# ls
vlock-1.3-23.i386.rpm
方法二：使用yum的一個外掛：yum-downloadonly
安裝外掛
# yum install yum-downloadonly
會自動下載安裝yum-plugin-downloadonly
# ls /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/downloadonly.conf
/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/downloadonly.conf
安裝yum支援的所有外掛
yum install axel
yum install yum-presto
yum install yum-fastestmirror
yum install yum-metadata-parser
yum install yum-downloadonly
yum install yum-priorities
yum install yum-*
下載檔案:
# yum install --downloadonly tftp
下載後文件在/var/cache下
# ls /var/cache/yum/i386/6/base/packages/tftp-0.49-7.el6.i686.rpm
# yum install --downloadonly tftp --downloaddir=~/ #指定檔案下載路徑
二 yum安裝
CentOS預設已經安裝了yum,不需要另外安裝,這裡為了實驗目的,先將yum解除安裝再重新安裝.
1 檢視系統預設安裝的yum
# rpm -qa|grep yum
2 解除安裝yum
# rpm -e yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-14.el5.centos.1 yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos yum-3.2.22-33.el5.centos
3 重新安裝yum
這裡可以通過wget 從網上下載相關包安裝,也可以掛載系統安裝光碟進行安裝,這裡選擇掛載系統安裝光碟進行安裝.
# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/
# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.22-33.el5.centos.noarch.rpm yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-14.el5.centos.1.noarch.rpm yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos.i386.rpm
# yum -v
yum 的基礎安裝包包括:
yum //RPM installer/updater
yum-fastestmirror //Yum plugin which chooses fastest repository from a mirrorlist
yum-metadata-parser //A fast metadata parser for yum
三 yum配置
yum的配置檔案分為兩部分main和repository
main部分定義了全域性配置選項,整個yum 配置檔案應該只有一個main. 常位於/etc/yum.conf中.
repository部分定義了每個源/伺服器的具體配置,可以有一到多個. 常位於/etc/yum.repo.d/目錄下的各檔案.
yum.conf檔案一般位於/etc目錄下,一般其中只包含main部分的配置選項.
# cat /etc/yum.conf
############################################
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum
##yum快取的目錄,yum在此儲存下載的rpm包和資料庫,預設設定為/var/cache/yum
keepcache=0
##安裝完成後是否保留軟體包,0為不保留(預設為0),1為保留
debuglevel=2
##Debug資訊輸出等級,範圍為0-10,預設為2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
##yum日誌檔案位置. 使用者可以到/var/log/yum.log檔案去查詢過去所做的更新.
pkgpolicy=newest
##包的策略. 一共有兩個選項,newest和last,這個作用是如果你設定了多個repository,而同一軟體在不同的repository中同時存在,yum應該安裝哪一個,如果是newest,則yum會安裝最新的那個版本. 如果是last,則yum會將伺服器id以字母表排序,並選擇最後的那個伺服器上的軟體安裝. 一般都是選newest.
distroverpkg=redhat-release
##指定一個軟體包,yum會根據這個包判斷你的發行版本,預設是redhat-release,也可以是安裝的任何針對自己發行版的rpm包.
tolerant=1
##有1和0兩個選項,表示yum是否容忍命令列發生與軟體包有關的錯誤,比如你要安裝1,2,3三個包,而其中3此前已經安裝了,如果你設為1,則yum不會出現錯誤資訊. 預設是0.
exactarch=1
##有1和0兩個選項,設定為1,則yum只會安裝和系統架構匹配的軟體包,例如,yum不會將i686的軟體包安裝在適合i386的系統中. 預設為1.
retries=6
##網路連線發生錯誤後的重試次數,如果設為0,則會無限重試. 預設值為6.
obsoletes=1
##這是一個update的引數,具體請參閱yum(8),簡單的說就是相當於upgrade,允許更新陳舊的RPM包.
plugins=1
##是否啟用外掛,預設1為允許,0表示不允許. 我們一般會用yum-fastestmirror這個外掛.
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=16&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
# Note: yum-RHN-plugin doesn't honor this.
metadata_expire=1h
installonly_limit=5
# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo
# in /etc/yum.repos.d
############################################
除了上述之外,還有一些可以新增的選項,如:
exclude=selinux* ## 排除某些軟體在升級名單之外,可以用萬用字元,列表中各個專案要用空格隔開,這個對於安裝了諸如美化包,中文補丁的朋友特別有用.
gpgcheck=1 ## 有1和0兩個選擇,分別代表是否是否進行gpg(GNU Private Guard) 校驗,以確定rpm包的來源是有效和安全的. 這個選項如果設定在[main]部分,則對每個repository都有效. 預設值為0.
四 配置本地yum源
1 掛載系統安裝光碟
# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/
或者掛在系統映象
# mount -o loop -t iso9660 CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /media/_local_repo_DVD1
# mount -o loop -t iso9660 CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso /media/_local_repo_DVD2
2 配置本地yum源
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# ls
會看到四個repo 檔案
CentOS-Base.repo 是yum網路源的配置檔案
CentOS-Media.repo 是yum本地源的配置檔案
建立_local_DVD.repo
# vim _local_DVD.repo
#########################################
[_local_DVD]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/
file:///mnt/cdrom/
file:///media/cdrecorder/
file:///media/_local_repo_DVD1
file:///media/_local_repo_DVD2
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#########################################
在baseurl中修改第2個路徑為/mnt/cdrom(即為光碟掛載點)
將enabled=0改為1
3 禁用預設的yum 網路源
將yum 網路源配置檔案改名為CentOS-Base.repo.backup,否則會先在網路源中尋找適合的包,改名之後直接從本地源讀取.
4 執行yum 命令
# yum install vim
關於repo 檔案的格式
所有repository 伺服器設定都應該遵循如下格式:
[serverid]
name=Some name for this server
baseurl=url://path/to/repository/
#serverid 是用於區別各個不同的repository,必須有一個獨一無二的名稱；
#name 是對repository 的描述,支援像$releasever $basearch這樣的變數；
#baseurl 是伺服器設定中最重要的部分,只有設定正確,才能從上面獲取軟體. 它的格式是:
baseurl=url://server1/path/to/repository/
url://server2/path/to/repository/
url://server3/path/to/repository/
其中url 支援的協議有 http://, ftp://, file:// 三種. baseurl後可以跟多個url,你可以自己改為速度比較快的映象站,但baseurl只能有一個,也就是說不能像如下格式:
baseurl=url://server1/path/to/repository/
baseurl=url://server2/path/to/repository/
baseurl=url://server3/path/to/repository/
其中url 指向的目錄必須是這個repository header 目錄的上一級,它也支援$releasever $basearch 這樣的變數.
url 之後可以加上多個選項,如gpgcheck, exclude, failovermethod 等,比如:
##########################################################
[updates-released]
name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Released Updates
baseurl=http://download.atrpms.net/mirrors/fedoracore/updates/$releasever/$basearch
http://redhat.linux.ee/pub/fedora/linux/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch
http://fr2.rpmfind.net/linux/fedora/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch
enable=1
gpgcheck=1
exclude=gaim
failovermethod=priority
##########################################################
#其中gpgcheck,exclude 的含義和[main] 部分相同,但只對此伺服器起作用,failovermethode 有兩個選項roundrobin和priority,意思分別是有多個url可供選擇時,yum 選擇的次序,roundrobin是隨機選擇,如果連線失敗則使用下一個,依次迴圈,priority則根據url的次序從第一個開始. 如果不指明,預設是roundrobin.
五 配置國內yum源
系統預設的yum 源速度往往不盡人意,為了達到快速安裝的目的,在這裡修改yum源為國內源.
上海交通大學yum源
a. 備份/etc/yum.repos.d/的CentOS-Base.repo檔案為CentOS-Base.repo.backup;並複製一份改名為CenOS-sjtu.repo,內容為:
----------------------------------------------
# CentOS-Base.repo
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
enable=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
enable=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
enable=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
----------------------------------------------
關於變數
$releasever:代表發行版的版本,從[main]部分的distroverpkg獲取,如果沒有,則根據redhat-release包進行判斷.
$arch:cpu體系,如i686,athlon等
$basearch:cpu的基本體系組,如i686和athlon同屬i386,alpha和alphaev6同屬alpha.
b. 匯入GPG KEY
yum 可以使用gpg 對包進行校驗,確保下載包的完整性,所以我們先要到各個repository 站點找到gpg key,一般都會放在首頁的醒目位置,一些名字諸如RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 之類的純文字檔案,把它們下載下來,然後用rpm --import RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 命令將key匯入.
c. 執行yum 命令
其他國內yum源列表如下:
1. 企業貢獻:
搜狐開源映象站:http://mirrors.sohu.com/
網易開源映象站:http://mirrors.163.com/
2. 大學教學:
北京理工大學:
http://mirror.bit.edu.cn (IPv4 only)
http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn (IPv6 only)
北京交通大學:
http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn (IPv4 only)
http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn (IPv6 only)
http://debian.bjtu.edu.cn (IPv4+IPv6)
蘭州大學:http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/
廈門大學:http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/
清華大學:
http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv4+IPv6)
http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv6 only)
http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv4 only)
天津大學:http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/
中國科學技術大學:
http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ (IPv4+IPv6)
http://mirrors4.ustc.edu.cn/
http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/
東北大學:
http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ (IPv4 only)
http://mirror.neu6.edu.cn/ (IPv6 only)
電子科技大學:http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/
六 使用第三方軟體庫
CentOS/RHEL預設的yum軟體倉庫非常有限,僅僅限於發行版本那幾張盤裡面的常規包和一些軟體包的更新,利用RpmForge,可以增加非常多的第三方rpm軟體包. RpmForge庫現在已經擁有超過10000種CentOS的軟體包,被CentOS社群認為是最安全也是最穩定的一個第三方軟體庫.
1 安裝yum-priorities外掛
這個外掛是用來設定yum在呼叫軟體源時的順序的. 因為官方提供的軟體源,都是比較穩定和被推薦使用的. 因此,官方源的順序要高於第三方源的順序. 如何保證這個順序,就需要安裝yum-priorities這外掛了.
# yum -y install yum-priorities
2 安裝完yum-priorities外掛後需要設定/etc/yum.repos.d/ 目錄下的.repo相關檔案(如CentOS-Base.repo),在這些檔案中插入順序指令:priority=N (N為1到99的正整數,數值越小越優先)
一般配置[base],[addons],[updates],[extras]的priority=1,[CentOSplus],[contrib]的priority=2,其他第三的軟體源為:priority=N (推薦N>10)
以CentOS-Base.repo 為例:
##############################################################
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
priority=1
##############################################################
+---------------------------+
| 新增adobe軟體倉並匯入金鑰 |
+---------------------------+
32位
# rpm -ivh adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
64位
# rpm -ivh adobe-release-x86_64-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux
設定/etc/yum.repos.d/中的adobe-linux-x86_64.repo中的priority=10
現在可以安裝adobe的flashplayer外掛了
# yum install flash-plugin
+------------------+
| 安裝atomic yum源 |
+------------------+
# wget http://www.atomicorp.com/installers/atomic #下載
# sh ./atomic #安裝
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/atomic.repo #修改atomic yum源優先順序，priority=11
##############################################################
[atomic]
name=CentOS / Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - atomicrocketturtle.com
mirrorlist=http://www.atomicorp.com/mirrorlist/atomic/centos-6-$basearch
#mirrorlist=http://www.atomicorp.com/channels/atomic/centos/6/mirrors-atomic
enabled=1
protect=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY.art.txt
priority=11
##############################################################
+----------------+
| 安裝epel yum源 |
+----------------+
rpmfusion主要為桌面發行版提供大量rpm包,而EPEL則為伺服器版本提供大量的rpm包,而且大多數rpm包在官方repository中是找不到的;
CentOS 5.*
32位系統
# rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
64位系統:
# rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
匯入key:
# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-5
CentOS 6.*
32位系統:
# ipm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
64位系統:
# rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
匯入key:
# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
如果用比較新的軟體,用epel-test.repo這個檔案就行了
別忘了安裝# yum install yum-priorities
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo #修改epel yum源優先順序，priority=12
###############################################################
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
priority=12
#################################################################
+--------------------+
| 安裝rpmforge軟體源 |
+--------------------+
1 下載與安裝相應rpmforge的rpm檔案包,到http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/ 查詢對應版本的軟體下載
32位# wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.i686.rpm
64位# wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
2 安裝DAG的PGP Key
# rpm --import http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
或者匯入本地的key
# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-*
3 驗證rpmforge的rpm檔案包
# rpm -K rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.*.rpm
4 安裝rpmforge的rpm檔案包
# rpm -i rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.*.rpm
5 設定/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo檔案中源的級別
# cat rpmforge.repo
########################################################
### Name: RPMforge RPM Repository for RHEL 6 - dag
### URL: http://rpmforge.net/
[rpmforge]
name=RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - dag
baseurl=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/$basearch/rpmforge
mirrorlist=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/mirrors-rpmforge
#mirrorlist=file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge
enabled=1
protect=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag
gpgcheck=1
priority=13
########################################################
+---------------------+
| 安裝rpmfusion yum源 |
+---------------------+
含有各種音視訊軟體，但穩定性不如rpmforge
32位
# rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/6/i386/rpmfusion-free-release-6-1.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/6/i386/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-6-1.noarch.rpm
64位
# rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/6/x86_64/rpmfusion-free-release-6-1.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/6/x86_64/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-6-1.noarch.rpm
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion-free-updates.repo #修改rpmfusion yum源優先順序，priority=13
#################################################################
[rpmfusion-free-updates-testing]
name=RPM Fusion for EL 6 - Free - Test Updates
#baseurl=http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/testing/6/$basearch/
mirrorlist=http://mirrors.rpmfusion.org/mirrorlist?repo=free-el-updates-testing-6&arch=$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmfusion-free-el-6
priority=14
#################################################################
安裝完畢執行
# yum clean all
# yum makecache
然後就可以使用新的yum源管理軟體
//////////////////////下面是一個yum配置的指令碼程式，可以運行於centos6.x////////////////////////////
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#! /bin/bash
# created by longbin <[email protected]>
# 2015-08-06
## yum and yum plugins installation scripts
PLAT_ARCH=$(uname -i | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z')
## check whether system is centos or not
function check_system_distributor() {
## get system distributor ID: centos ?
LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR=$(cat /etc/issue |tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'|awk ' /release/ {print $1}' | sed -n "1p")
LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR=${LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR:=$(lsb_release -i |tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'|awk '/distributor/ {print $3}')}
LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR=${LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR:=$(cat /etc/*release |tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'|awk '/\<release\>/ {print $1}'|sed -n '1p')}
LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR=${LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR:=$(cat /etc/*release |tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'|awk '/distrib_id=/ {print $1}'|sed 's/distrib_id=//'|sed -n '1p')}
echo "checking system distributor and release ID ..."
if [[ "${LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR}" == "centos" ]] ;then
echo -e "\tCurrent OS Distributor: ${LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR}"
else
echo -e "\tCurrent OS is not centos"
echo -e "\tCurrent OS Distributor: ${LINUX_DISTRIBUTOR}"
exit 1
fi
}
## check whether system is centos 6.5 or 6.6
function check_system_release_version() {
## get system release version: 6.5/6.6 ?
LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION=$(cat /etc/issue | awk '/release/ {print $3}'| sed -n '1p')
LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION=${LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION:=$(lsb_release -r | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' | awk '/release/ {print $2}')}
LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION=${LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION:=$(cat /etc/*release |tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'|awk '/\<release\>/ {print $3}'|sed -n '1p')}
LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION=${LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION:=$(cat /etc/*release |tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'|awk '/distrib_release=/ {print $1}'|sed 's/distrib_release=//'|sed -n '1p')}
case ${LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION:0:5} in
6.*)
echo -e "\tCurrent OS Version: ${LINUX_RELEASE_VERSION}"
;;
*)
echo "Only support centos version, eg: 6.5/6.6 ..."
exit 1
;;
esac
echo "checked OK, preparing to setup softwares ..."
}
function check_user_UID() {
sudo ls > /dev/null
if [ "x$?" == "x1" ] ;then
echo -e "\tThere is a configuration/permission problem."
echo -e "\tPlease ensure that you have the permission"
exit 1
fi
if [ "x${UID}" == "x0" ] ;then
SUDO=''
else
SUDO=sudo
fi
}
function check_yum_install_env() {
check_system_distributor
check_system_release_version
check_user_UID
trap 'echo -e "\nAborted by user, exit";exit' INT
if [ "x$(which yum 2>/dev/null)" == "x" ] ;then
echo "yum not exists, please install yum manully"
exit 1
fi
}
function yum_plugins_installation() {
echo "Preparing to install yum plugins ..."
# ${SUDO} yum install yum-*
# ${SUDO} yum install axel
${SUDO} yum install yum-presto
${SUDO} yum install yum-fastestmirror
${SUDO} yum install yum-metadata-parser
${SUDO} yum install yum-downloadonly
${SUDO} yum install yum-priorities
}
function yum_axel_plugin_install() {
${SUDO} yum install axel
# if [ "x${PLAT_ARCH}" == "xx86_64" ] ;then
# ${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/axel-2.4-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
# else
# ${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/axel/axel-2.4-1.el6.rf.i686.rpm
# fi
# pushd /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/
# ${SUDO} wget http://cnfreesoft.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/axelget/axelget.conf
${SUDO} wget http://www.ha97.com/code/axelget.conf -P /etc/pluginconf.d/
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ;then
local tmp_file=$(mktemp)
${SUDO} cat > ${tmp_file} << EOF
[main]
enabled=1
onlyhttp=1
enablesize=54000
cleanOnException=1
EOF
${SUDO} mv ${tmp_file} /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/axelget.conf
fi
# popd
# pushd /usr/lib/yum-plugins/
# ${SUDO} wget http://cnfreesoft.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/axelget/axelget.py
${SUDO} wget http://www.ha97.com/code/axelget.py -P /usr/lib/yum-plugins/
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ;then
local tmp_file=$(mktemp)
${SUDO} cat > ${tmp_file} << EOF
from yum.plugins import PluginYumExit, TYPE_CORE, TYPE_INTERACTIVE
from urlparse import urljoin
import os,time
requires_api_version = '2.3'
plugin_type = (TYPE_CORE, TYPE_INTERACTIVE)
enablesize=300000
trymirrornum=-1
maxconn=10
httpdownloadonly=False
cleanOnException=0
def init_hook(conduit):
global enablesize,trymirrornum,maxconn,cleanOnException,httpdownloadonly
enablesize = conduit.confInt('main','enablesize',default=30000)
trymirrornum = conduit.confInt('main','trymirrornum',default=-1)
maxconn = conduit.confInt('main','maxconn',default=10)
httpdownloadonly=conduit.confBool('main','onlyhttp',default=False)
cleanOnException=conduit.confInt('main','cleanOnException',default=0)
return
def predownload_hook(conduit):
global enablesize,cleanOnException,httpdownloadonly
preffermirror=""
PkgIdx=0
TotalPkg=len(conduit.getDownloadPackages())
for po in (conduit.getDownloadPackages()):
PkgIdx+=1
if hasattr(po, 'pkgtype') and po.pkgtype == 'local':
continue
totsize = long(po.size)
ret = False
if totsize <= enablesize:
conduit.info(2, "Package %s download size %d less than %d,Skip plugin!" % (po.repo.id,totsize,enablesize))
continue
else:
conduit.info(2, "[%d/%d]Ok,we will try to use axel to download this big file:%d" % (PkgIdx,TotalPkg,totsize))
local = po.localPkg()
if os.path.exists(local):
if not os.path.exists(local+".st"):
fstate=os.stat(local)
if totsize == fstate.st_size:
conduit.info(2,"Target already exists,skip to next file!")
continue
localall = "%s %s" % (local,local+".st")
rmcmd = "rm -f %s" % (localall)
curmirroridx = 0
conduit.info(2,"Before we start,clean all the key files")
os.system(rmcmd)
connnum = totsize / enablesize
if connnum*enablesize<totsize:
connnum+=1
if connnum > maxconn:
connnum = maxconn
mirrors=[]
mirrors[:0]=po.repo.urls
if preffermirror != "":
mirrors[:0] = [preffermirror]
for url in mirrors:
if url.startswith("ftp://") and httpdownloadonly:
print "Skip Ftp Site:",url
continue
if url.startswith("file://"):
print "Skip Local Site:",url
continue
curmirroridx += 1
if (curmirroridx > trymirrornum) and (trymirrornum != -1):
conduit.info(2, "Package %s has tried %d mirrors,Skip plugin!" % (po.repo.id,trymirrornum))
break
remoteurl = "%s/%s" % (url,po.remote_path)
syscmd = "axel -a -n %s %s -o %s" % (connnum,remoteurl,local)
conduit.info(2, "Execute axel cmd:\n%s" % syscmd)
os.system(syscmd)
time.sleep(2)
if os.path.exists(local+".st"):
conduit.info(2,"axel exit by exception,let's try another mirror")
if cleanOnException:
conduit.info(2,"because cleanOnException is set to 1,we do remove key file first")
os.system(rmcmd)
continue
elif not os.path.exists(local):#this mirror may not update yet
continue
else:
ret = True
preffermirror=url
break
if not ret:
conduit.info (2,"try to run rm cmd:%s" % rmcmd)
os.system(rmcmd)
EOF
${SUDO} mv ${tmp_file} /usr/lib/yum-plugins/axelget.py
fi
# popd
}
# modify varible value of file callback function
function modify_varible_value_of_file_cb() {
if [ "$#" -lt 3 ] ;then
echo "too less arguments"
exit 1
fi
# echo $*
local filename=$1
local variable=$2
local value=$3
local res=$(cat ${filename}| sed -n "/^${variable}/p")
if [ "x${res}" == "x" ] ;then
#append variable and value to file
${SUDO} sed -i "/^enable[d]\?[ ]\?=[ ]\?1/ a ${variable}=${value}" ${filename}
else
#modify variable and value to file
${SUDO} sed -i "/^${variable}[ ]\?=/ s;${variable}.*$;${variable}=${value};" ${filename}
fi
}
function check_yum_conf_enable_plugins() {
local yum_conf=$(cat /etc/yum.conf| sed -n '/^plugins[ ]\?=[ ]\?1/p')
if [ "x${yum_conf}" != "x" ] ;then
return
else
# yum_conf_enable_plugins /etc/yum.conf
modify_varible_value_of_file_cb /etc/yum.conf plugins 1
fi
}
function backup_yum_repos_d_files() {
local backup_dir=/etc/yum.repos.d/repos.old.$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
${SUDO} mkdir -p ${backup_dir}
if [ "x$?" != "x0" ] ;then
return
fi
# pushd /etc/yum.repos.d
for file in $(ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | sed -n '/repo$/p') ;
do
if [ -f "/etc/yum.repos.d/${file}" ] ;then
${SUDO} cp /etc/yum.repos.d/${file} ${backup_dir}
fi
done
# popd
}
function create_local_repo_DVD() {
if [ -f CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso ] ;then
${SUDO} mkdir /media/_local_repo_DVD1
${SUDO} mount -o loop -t iso9660 CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /media/_local_repo_DVD1
fi
if [ -f CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso ] ;then
${SUDO} mkdir /media/_local_repo_DVD2
${SUDO} mount -o loop -t iso9660 CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso /media/_local_repo_DVD2
fi
local tmp_file=$(mktemp)
${SUDO} cat > ${tmp_file} << EOF
[_local_repo_DVD]
name=CentOS-\$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:/var/lib/yum/plugins/local
file:///media/CentOS/
file:///mnt/cdrom/
file:///media/cdrecorder/
file:///media/_local_repo_DVD1
file:///media/_local_repo_DVD2
enabled=0
priority=9
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
EOF
${SUDO} mv ${tmp_file} /etc/yum.repos.d/_local_repo_DVD.repo
}
function create_maintain_script() {
return #no need to create the script
local tmp_file=$(mktemp)
${SUDO} cat > ${tmp_file} << EOF
#! /bin/bash
read -p "backup or restore <bk/rs>? " select
if [[ "x\${select}" == "xbk" ]] ;then
for file in \$(ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | sed -n '/repo$/p')
do
sudo mv \${file} \${file}.backup
done
elif [[ "x\${select}" == "xrs" ]] ;then
for file in \$(ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | sed -n '/backup$/p')
do
sudo mv \${file} \${file%.backup*}
done
else
echo "Invalid option "
fi
EOF
${SUDO} mv ${tmp_file} /etc/yum.repos.d/_backup_restore.sh
}
# add adobe repo
function yum_add_adobe_repo() {
if [ "x${PLAT_ARCH}" == "xx86_64" ] ;then
#64bit#
${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/linux/x86_64/adobe-release-x86_64-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
else
#32bit#
${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/linux/i386/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
fi
${SUDO} rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux
# set adobe-linux-x86_64.repo priority=10
local repo_file=/etc/yum.repos.d/adobe-linux-${PLAT_ARCH}.repo
modify_varible_value_of_file_cb ${repo_file} priority 10
${SUDO} yum install flash-plugin
}
# add atomic repo
function yum_add_atomic_repo() {
${SUDO} wget http://www.atomicorp.com/installers/atomic #download
${SUDO} chmod a+x ./atomic
yes " " | sudo sh ./atomic #install
${SUDO} rm -f ./atomic
}
# add epel repo
function yum_add_epel_repo() {
# if [ "${PLAT_ARCH}" == "xx86_64" ] ;then
# #64bit:#
# ${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# else
# #32bit#
# ${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# fi
${SUDO} yum install epel-release
${SUDO} rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
}
# add rpmforge repo
function yum_add_rpmforge_repo() {
# download from http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/
if [ "x${PLAT_ARCH}" == "xx86_64" ] ;then
#64bit#
${SUDO} wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
else
#32bit#
${SUDO} wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.i686.rpm
fi
${SUDO} rpm --import http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
${SUDO} rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.*.rpm
${SUDO} rm -f rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf*.rpm
}
# add rpmfusion repo which includes many multimedia libs
function yum_add_rpmfusion_repo() {
if [ "x${PLAT_ARCH}" == "xx86_64" ] ;then
#64bit
${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/6/x86_64/rpmfusion-free-release-6-1.noarch.rpm
${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/6/x86_64/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-6-1.noarch.rpm
else
#32bit
${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/6/i386/rpmfusion-free-release-6-1.noarch.rpm
${SUDO} rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/6/i386/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-6-1.noarch.rpm
fi
}
function yum_add_nux_dextop_repo() {
if [ "x${PLAT_ARCH}" == "xx86_64" ] ;then
#64bit
${SUDO} rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el6/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-2.el6.nux.noarch.rpm
else
#32bit
${SUDO} rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el6/i386/nux-dextop-release-0-2.el6.nux.noarch.rpm
fi
# ${SUDO} rm -f nux-dextop-release*.rpm
modify_varible_value_of_file_cb nux-dextop.repo enable 1
}
function setup_yum_repos_priority() {
# pushd /etc/yum.repos.d/
REPO_FILE_LIST=" CentOS-Base.repo atomic.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo nux-dextop.repo rpmforge.repo rpmfusion-free-updates.repo "
repo_priority_num=1
for file in ${REPO_FILE_LIST}
do
file=/etc/yum.repos.d/${file}
if [ -f "${file}" ] ;then
echo "updating ${file} ..."
modify_varible_value_of_file_cb ${file} priority XXX
else
continue
fi
for ((i=0; i<5; i++)) ;
do
let prn=${repo_priority_num}+${i}
# echo ${repo_priority_num} ${prn}
${SUDO} sed "1, /^priority=XXX/ {/^priority=XXX/ s/priority=.*$/priority=${prn}/}" -i ${file}
done
let repo_priority_num+=5
done
# popd
}
function rebuild_yum_cache() {
${SUDO} yum clean all
${SUDO} yum makecache
}
function install_and_setup_yum_plugins() {
yum_plugins_installation
# yum_axel_plugin_install
}
function enable_and_backup_repos() {
check_yum_conf_enable_plugins
backup_yum_repos_d_files
}
function add_extra_repos() {
create_local_repo_DVD
# create_maintain_script
yum_add_adobe_repo
# yum_add_atomic_repo
yum_add_epel_repo
yum_add_nux_dextop_repo
yum_add_rpmforge_repo
yum_add_rpmfusion_repo
yum_axel_plugin_install
}
function setup_priority_and_rebuild_cache() {
setup_yum_repos_priority
rebuild_yum_cache
}
check_yum_install_env
install_and_setup_yum_plugins
enable_and_backup_repos
add_extra_repos
setup_priority_and_rebuild_cache
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
=========================================================================
YUM錯誤conflicts with file from package的解決辦法
YUM一堆錯誤,是64位的包和32位的包衝突.
YUM錯誤conflicts with file from package的解決辦法,先解除安裝有衝突的軟體包,如下是 yum -y remove subversion 然後再重新YUM就OK了.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Check Error:
file /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/psvn.el from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/subversion.mo from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/subversion.mo from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/subversion.mo from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/ko/LC_MESSAGES/subversion.mo from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/nb/LC_MESSAGES/subversion.mo from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64
file /usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/subversion.mo from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64
file /usr/share/xemacs/site-packages/lisp/psvn.el from install of subversion-1.4.6-jason.1.i386 conflicts with file from package subversion-1.4.2-4.el5_3.1.x86_64
Error Summary
-------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
正當高興的時候,發現yum安裝webmin的時候還是有錯誤:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:02 - Fatal Error Occurred: Something went wrong during installation: 0
FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:03 - Cannot continue installation.
FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:03 - Attempting to remove virtualmin repository configuration,so the installation can be
FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:03 - re-attempted after any problems have been resolved.
FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:03 - Removing temporary directory and files.
FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:03 - If you are unsure of what went wrong,you may wish to review the log
FATAL - 2010-11-28 15:51:03 - in /root/virtualmin-install.log
------------------------------------------------------------------------
看日誌發現,yum更新的時候有重複的32位和64位的包:
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
dovecot x86_64 1.0.7-7.el5 base 1.7 M
httpd i386 2.2.16-jason.1 utterramblings 3.0 M
httpd x86_64 1:2.2.3-43.3.vm virtualmin 1.2 M
mailman x86_64 3:2.1.9-4.el5 base 9.8 M
mod_dav_svn x86_64 1.4.2-4.el5_3.1 base 70 k
mod_dav_svn i386 1.4.6-jason.1 utterramblings 201 k
mod_perl x86_64 2.0.4-6.el5 base 4.0 M
mod_perl i386 2.0.4-7.jason.2 utterramblings 5.4 M
系統是64位的,所以很明顯utterramblings 的yum源32位是有問題的. 我們需要刪除這個utterramblings源.
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# mv utterrambling.repo utterrambling.repo.del
然後我們yum重新安裝virtualmin,終於一切正常了
yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.i686.rpm
yum-plugin-aliases-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
yum-plugin-changelog-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
yum-plugin-downloadonly-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
yum-plugin-security-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
yum-plugin-tmprepo-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
yum-plugin-verify-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
yum-plugin-versionlock-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
yum-presto-0.6.2-1.el6.noarch.rpm
yum-utils-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
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