1:linux 有時需要進行批量修改檔名，這時就使用到了rename命令很方便

2:在寫shell指令碼的時候，經常需要替換字串，這個使用使用tr命令很方便

rename命令，先使用man命令檢視使用方法

[[email protected] shell]# man rename 
RENAME(1)                  Linux Programmer’s Manual                 RENAME(1)


NAME
       rename - Rename files


SYNOPSIS
       rename from to file...


DESCRIPTION
       rename will rename the specified files by replacing the first occurrence of from in their name by to.


       For example, given the files foo1, ..., foo9, foo10, ..., foo278, the commands


              rename foo foo0 foo?
              rename foo foo0 foo??


       will turn them into foo001, ..., foo009, foo010, ..., foo278.


       And
              rename .htm .html *.htm


       will fix the extension of your html files.


SEE ALSO
       mmv(1), mv(1)


                                1 January 2000                       RENAME(1)
[

[email protected] shell]# 

從上面解釋看，rename 的命令格式為 rename   需要修改的字元     需要修改成的字元   需要修改的檔案

eg:

[[email protected] test]# touch aa01.txt

[[email protected] test]# touch aa02.txt

[[email protected] test]# touch aa03.txt
[[email protected] test]# touch aa11.txt
[[email protected] test]# 
[[email protected]

test]# rename aa bb aa*.txt
[[email protected] test]# ll
總計 0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:01 bb01.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb02.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb03.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb11.txt
[[email protected] test]# rename 0 1 bb0*
[[email protected] test]# ll
總計 0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:01 bb11.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb12.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb13.txt
[

[email protected] test]# rename 1 5 bb11.txt
[[email protected] test]# ll
總計 0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb12.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:02 bb13.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 04-08 17:01 bb51.txt
[[email protected] test]# 

tr命令，先通過man命令查詢使用方法

[[email protected] test]# man tr
TR(1)                            User Commands                           TR(1)


NAME
       tr - translate or delete characters


SYNOPSIS
       tr [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]


DESCRIPTION
       Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output.


       -c, -C, --complement
              first complement SET1


       -d, --delete
              delete characters in SET1, do not translate


       -s, --squeeze-repeats
              replace each input sequence of a repeated character that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence of that character


       -t, --truncate-set1
              first truncate SET1 to length of SET2


       --help display this help and exit


       --version
              output version information and exit


       SETs are specified as strings of characters.  Most represent themselves.  Interpreted sequences are:


       \NNN   character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)


       \\     backslash


       \a     audible BEL


       \b     backspace


       \f     form feed


       \n     new line


       \r     return


       \t     horizontal tab


       \v     vertical tab


       CHAR1-CHAR2
              all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order


       [CHAR*]
              in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1


       [CHAR*REPEAT]
              REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0


       [:alnum:]
              all letters and digits


       [:alpha:]
              all letters


       [:blank:]
              all horizontal whitespace


       [:cntrl:]
              all control characters


       [:digit:]
              all digits


       [:graph:]
              all printable characters, not including space


       [:lower:]
              all lower case letters


       [:print:]
              all printable characters, including space


       [:punct:]
              all punctuation characters


       [:space:]
              all horizontal or vertical whitespace


       [:upper:]
              all upper case letters


       [:xdigit:]
              all hexadecimal digits


       [=CHAR=]
              all characters which are equivalent to CHAR


       Translation occurs if -d is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear.  -t may be used only when translating.  SET2 is extended to length of SET1
       by repeating its last character as necessary.  Excess characters of SET2 are ignored.  Only [:lower:] and [:upper:] are guaranteed to expand in
       ascending  order;  used  in SET2 while translating, they may only be used in pairs to specify case conversion.  -s uses SET1 if not translating
       nor deleting; else squeezing uses SET2 and occurs after translation or deletion.


AUTHOR
       Written by Jim Meyering.


REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs to <[email protected]>.


COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       This   is   free   software.    You   may   redistribute   copies   of   it   under   the   terms   of   the   GNU   General   Public   License
       <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.


SEE ALSO
       The full documentation for tr is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the info and tr programs are properly installed at your site, the command


              info tr


       should give you access to the complete manual.

tr 5.97                            May 2011                              TR(1)

從解釋來看，tr命令是一個強大的字串替換命令，主要有三個引數，開始進行總結和測試

針對引數

-c或——complerment：取代所有不屬於第一字符集的字元；
-d或——delete：刪除所有屬於第一字符集的字元；
-s或--squeeze-repeats：把連續重複的字元以單獨一個字元表示；
-t或--truncate-set1：先刪除第一字符集較第二字符集多出的字元。

進行命令測試： 

[[email protected] test]# echo "TEST TEST" | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'
test test
[[email protected] test]# echo "TEST 123 TEST 123" | tr -d '1 2 3'
TESTTEST
[[email protected] test]# echo "TESTTT 123 TEESSTT" | tr -s 'TES'
TEST 123 TEST
[[email protected] test]# 

[[email protected] test]# cat 11.txt 
11
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
2211
22
[[email protected] test]# cat 11.txt  | tr '\n' ' '

11 2211 2211 2211 2211 2211 2211 2211 2211 2211 2211 22

[[email protected] test]# 

[[email protected] test]#