【Python】python中plot用法——線條、點、顏色
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-03
圖的存在，讓資料變得形象化。無論多麼複雜的東西，都是簡單的組合。
plot畫圖時可以設定線條引數。包括：顏色、線型、標記風格。
1）控制顏色
顏色之間的對應關係為
b---blue c---cyan g---green k----black
m---magenta r---red w---white y----yellow
有三種表示顏色的方式:
a:用全名 b:16進位制如：#FF00FF c：RGB或RGBA元組（1,0,1,1） d：灰度強度如：‘0.7’
2)控制線型
符號和線型之間的對應關係
- 實線
-- 短線
-. 短點相間線
： 虛點線
>>>import matplotlib >>>from pylab import * >>>help(plot) Help on function plot in module matplotlib.pyplot: plot(*args, **kwargs) Plot lines and/or markers to the :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes`. *args* is a variable length argument, allowing for multiple *x*, *y* pairs with an optional format string. For example, each of the following is legal:: plot(x, y) # plot x and y using default line style and color plot(x, y, 'bo') # plot x and y using blue circle markers plot(y) # plot y using x as index array 0..N-1 plot(y, 'r+') # ditto, but with red plusses If *x* and/or *y* is 2-dimensional, then the corresponding columns will be plotted. An arbitrary number of *x*, *y*, *fmt* groups can be specified, as in:: a.plot(x1, y1, 'g^', x2, y2, 'g-') Return value is a list of lines that were added. The following format string characters are accepted to control the line style or marker: ================ =============================== character description ================ =============================== ``'-'`` solid line style ``'--'`` dashed line style ``'-.'`` dash-dot line style ``':'`` dotted line style ``'.'`` point marker ``','`` pixel marker ``'o'`` circle marker ``'v'`` triangle_down marker ``'^'`` triangle_up marker ``'<'`` triangle_left marker ``'>'`` triangle_right marker ``'1'`` tri_down marker ``'2'`` tri_up marker ``'3'`` tri_left marker ``'4'`` tri_right marker ``'s'`` square marker ``'p'`` pentagon marker ``'*'`` star marker ``'h'`` hexagon1 marker ``'H'`` hexagon2 marker ``'+'`` plus marker ``'x'`` x marker ``'D'`` diamond marker ``'d'`` thin_diamond marker ``'|'`` vline marker ``'_'`` hline marker ================ =============================== The following color abbreviations are supported: ========== ======== character color ========== ======== 'b' blue 'g' green 'r' red 'c' cyan 'm' magenta 'y' yellow 'k' black 'w' white ========== ======== In addition, you can specify colors in many weird and wonderful ways, including full names (``'green'``), hex strings (``'#008000'``), RGB or RGBA tuples (``(0,1,0,1)``) or grayscale intensities as a string (``'0.8'``). Of these, the string specifications can be used in place of a ``fmt`` group, but the tuple forms can be used only as ``kwargs``. Line styles and colors are combined in a single format string, as in ``'bo'`` for blue circles. The *kwargs* can be used to set line properties (any property that has a ``set_*`` method). You can use this to set a line label (for auto legends), linewidth, anitialising, marker face color, etc. Here is an example:: plot([1,2,3], [1,2,3], 'go-', label='line 1', linewidth=2) plot([1,2,3], [1,4,9], 'rs', label='line 2') axis([0, 4, 0, 10]) legend() If you make multiple lines with one plot command, the kwargs apply to all those lines, e.g.:: plot(x1, y1, x2, y2, antialised=False) Neither line will be antialiased. You do not need to use format strings, which are just abbreviations. All of the line properties can be controlled by keyword arguments. For example, you can set the color, marker, linestyle, and markercolor with:: plot(x, y, color='green', linestyle='dashed', marker='o', markerfacecolor='blue', markersize=12). See :class:`~matplotlib.lines.Line2D` for details. The kwargs are :class:`~matplotlib.lines.Line2D` properties: agg_filter: unknown alpha: float (0.0 transparent through 1.0 opaque) animated: [True | False] antialiased or aa: [True | False] axes: an :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` instance clip_box: a :class:`matplotlib.transforms.Bbox` instance clip_on: [True | False] clip_path: [ (:class:`~matplotlib.path.Path`, :class:`~matplotlib.transforms.Transform`) | :class:`~matplotlib.patches.Patch` | None ] color or c: any matplotlib color contains: a callable function dash_capstyle: ['butt' | 'round' | 'projecting'] dash_joinstyle: ['miter' | 'round' | 'bevel'] dashes: sequence of on/off ink in points data: 2D array (rows are x, y) or two 1D arrays drawstyle: [ 'default' | 'steps' | 'steps-pre' | 'steps-mid' | 'steps-post' ] figure: a :class:`matplotlib.figure.Figure` instance fillstyle: ['full' | 'left' | 'right' | 'bottom' | 'top'] gid: an id string label: any string linestyle or ls: [ ``'-'`` | ``'--'`` | ``'-.'`` | ``':'`` | ``'None'`` | ``' '`` | ``''`` ] and any drawstyle in combination with a linestyle, e.g. ``'steps--'``. linewidth or lw: float value in points lod: [True | False] marker: [ ``7`` | ``4`` | ``5`` | ``6`` | ``'o'`` | ``'D'`` | ``'h'`` | ``'H'`` | ``'_'`` | ``''`` | ``None`` | ``'None'`` | ``' '`` | ``'8'`` | ``'p'`` | ``','`` | ``'+'`` | ``'.'`` | ``'s'`` | ``'*'`` | ``'d'`` | ``3`` | ``0`` | ``1`` | ``2`` | ``'1'`` | ``'3'`` | ``'4'`` | ``'2'`` | ``'v'`` | ``'<'`` | ``'>'`` | ``'^'`` | ``'|'`` | ``'x'`` | ``'$...$'`` | *tuple* | *Nx2 array* ] markeredgecolor or mec: any matplotlib color markeredgewidth or mew: float value in points markerfacecolor or mfc: any matplotlib color markerfacecoloralt or mfcalt: any matplotlib color markersize or ms: float markevery: None | integer | (startind, stride) picker: float distance in points or callable pick function ``fn(artist, event)`` pickradius: float distance in points rasterized: [True | False | None] snap: unknown solid_capstyle: ['butt' | 'round' | 'projecting'] solid_joinstyle: ['miter' | 'round' | 'bevel'] transform: a :class:`matplotlib.transforms.Transform` instance url: a url string visible: [True | False] xdata: 1D array ydata: 1D array zorder: any number kwargs *scalex* and *scaley*, if defined, are passed on to :meth:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes.autoscale_view` to determine whether the *x* and *y* axes are autoscaled; the default is *True*. Additional kwargs: hold = [True|False] overrides default hold state