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Hibernate 進階(12)HQL常用語句彙總

// HQL: Hibernate Query Language.
// 特點:
// >> 1,與SQL相似,SQL中的語法基本上都可以直接使用。
// >> 2,SQL查詢的是表和表中的列;HQL查詢的是物件與物件中的屬性。
// >> 3,HQL的關鍵字不區分大小寫,類名與屬性名是區分大小寫的。
// >> 4,SELECT可以省略.		
		
// 1,簡單的查詢,Employee為實體名而不是資料庫中的表名(面向物件特性)
hql = "FROM Employee";
hql = "FROM Employee AS e"; // 使用別名
hql = "FROM Employee e"; // 使用別名,as關鍵字可省略

// 2,帶上過濾條件的(可以使用別名):Where
hql = "FROM Employee WHERE id<10";
hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE e.id<10";
hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE e.id<10 AND e.id>5";

// 3,帶上排序條件的:Order By
hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE e.id<10 ORDER BY e.name";
hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE e.id<10 ORDER BY e.name DESC";
hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE e.id<10 ORDER BY e.name DESC, id ASC";

// 4,指定select子句(不可以使用select *)
hql = "SELECT e FROM Employee e"; // 相當於"FROM Employee e"
hql = "SELECT e.name FROM Employee e"; // 只查詢一個列,返回的集合的元素型別就是這個屬性的型別
hql = "SELECT e.id,e.name FROM Employee e"; // 查詢多個列,返回的集合的元素型別是Object陣列
hql = "SELECT new Employee(e.id,e.name) FROM Employee e"; // 可以使用new語法,指定把查詢出的部分屬性封裝到物件中

// 5,執行查詢,獲得結果(list、uniqueResult、分頁 )
Query query = session.createQuery("FROM Employee e WHERE id<3");
query.setFirstResult(0);
query.setMaxResults(10); // 等同於 limit 0,10
//兩種查詢結果list、uniqueResult
// List list = query.list(); // 查詢的結果是一個List集合
// Employee employee = (Employee) query.uniqueResult();// 查詢的結果是唯一的一個結果,當結果有多個,就會拋異常

// 6,方法鏈
List list = session.createQuery(//
		"FROM Employee e")//
		.setFirstResult(0)//
		.setMaxResults(10)//
		.list();

// 7,聚集函式:count(), max(), min(), avg(), sum()
hql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Employee"; // 返回的結果是Long型的
hql = "SELECT min(id) FROM Employee"; // 返回的結果是id屬性的型別

//8,分組: Group By ... Having
hql = "SELECT e.name,COUNT(e.id) FROM Employee e GROUP BY e.name";
hql = "SELECT e.name,COUNT(e.id) FROM Employee e GROUP BY e.name HAVING count(e.id)>1";
hql = "SELECT e.name,COUNT(e.id) FROM Employee e WHERE id<9 GROUP BY e.name HAVING count(e.id)>1";
hql = "SELECT e.name,COUNT(e.id) " + //
	 "FROM Employee e " + //
	 "WHERE id<9 " + //
	 "GROUP BY e.name " + //
	 "HAVING count(e.id)>1 " + //
	 "ORDER BY count(e.id) ASC";
hql = "SELECT e.name,COUNT(e.id) AS c " + //
	 "FROM Employee e " + //
	 "WHERE id<9 " + //
	 "GROUP BY e.name " + //
	 "HAVING count(e.id)>1 " + // 在having子句中不能使用列別名
	 "ORDER BY c ASC"; // 在orderby子句中可以使用列別名

// 9,連線查詢 / HQL是面向物件的查詢
 //>> 內連線(inner關鍵字可以省略)
 hql = "SELECT e.id,e.name,d.name FROM Employee e JOIN e.department d";
 hql = "SELECT e.id,e.name,d.name FROM Employee e INNER JOIN e.department d";
 //>> 左外連線(outer關鍵字可以省略)
 hql = "SELECT e.id,e.name,d.name FROM Employee e LEFT OUTER JOIN e.department d";
 //>> 右外連線(outer關鍵字可以省略)
 hql = "SELECT e.id,e.name,d.name FROM Employee e RIGHT JOIN e.department d";
 //可以使用更方便的方法
 hql = "SELECT e.id,e.name,e.department.name FROM Employee e";

// 10,查詢時使用引數
// >> 方式一:使用'?'佔位
 hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE id BETWEEN ? AND ?";
 List list2 = session.createQuery(hql)//
	 .setParameter(0, 5)// 設定引數,第1個引數的索引為0。
	 .setParameter(1, 15)//
	 .list();

// >> 方式二:使用變數名
 hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE id BETWEEN :idMin AND :idMax";
 List list3 = session.createQuery(hql)//
	 .setParameter("idMax", 15)//
	 .setParameter("idMin", 5)//
	 .list();

// 當引數是集合時,一定要使用setParameterList()設定引數值
 hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE id IN (:ids)";
 List list4 = session.createQuery(hql)//
	 .setParameterList("ids", new Object[] { 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 100 })//
	 .list();

// 11,update與delete,不會通知Session快取
// >> Update
int result = session.createQuery(//
		"UPDATE Employee e SET e.name=? WHERE id>15")//
		.setParameter(0, "無名氏")//
		.executeUpdate(); // 返回int型的結果,表示影響了多少行。
// >> Delete
int result1 = session.createQuery(//
		"DELETE FROM Employee e WHERE id>15")//
		.executeUpdate(); // 返回int型的結果,表示影響了多少行。

另外推薦兩篇:http://carolli.iteye.com/blog/909542

http://www.cnblogs.com/zilong882008/archive/2011/11/05/2237123.html

http://www.360doc.com/content/14/0407/01/7669533_366908015.shtml

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_ba1bed340101lvx1.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/mabaishui/archive/2009/10/16/1584510.html

where語句:

http://blog.csdn.net/syf1970/article/details/52398681