startup nomount 之後

用sqlplus sys/[email protected] as sysdba 連線的時候報 ORA-12528 的錯誤

但是用 sqlplus "/as sysdba", conn sys/orcl as sysdba 就可以連線上。

搜了下 ORA-12528 這個錯誤。

將listener.ora的動態引數設定為靜態引數之後，在 nomount 時，也可以用 sqlplus sys/[email protected] as sysdba登入了。

lsnrctl status
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=lypch)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=//./pipe/EXTPROCipc)))
Services Summary...
Service "LSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "LSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ammicly" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ammicly", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

這個問題說明資料庫沒有Mount
連線資料庫,發現:
ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections
用sqlplus /nolog
sql>connect [email=sys/[email protected]]sys/[email protected][/email] as sysdba
ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections

連線的問題可以通過修改listener.ora的引數,把動態的引數設定為靜態的引數

,紅色標註部分,然後從新啟動監聽,就OK
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = C:/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ammicly)
      (ORACLE_HOME = c:/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = ammicly)
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lypch )(PORT = 1521))
      )
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
      )
    )
  )

通過修改tnsnames.ora的引數,紅色表注部分

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: C:/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
AMMICLY =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lypch )(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = ammicly)
      (UR=A)
    )
  )
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = PLSExtProc)
      (PRESENTATION = RO)
    )
  )

然後 sqlplus /nolog
SQL>alter database mount;
SQL>alter database open;

這樣就可以啟動資料庫了;

或者用Oradim -shutdown -sid ammicly -shuttype srvc,inst -shutmode immediate -syspwd ammic;關閉資料庫
在用oradim -startup -sid ammicly -starttype srvc,inst -syspwd ammic;啟動資料庫解決;也可以在截面上從啟動資料庫服務來解決;

總結ORA-12528問題是因為監聽中的服務使用了動態服務,系統啟動後,資料庫沒有正常的MOUNT,因此在動態模式下,就會出現這個問題，用靜態的就不會有這個問題,因此上面的方法就是把監聽設定為靜態,或者在tnsnames.ora中追加(UR=A)或者從啟動服務,三種方法解決問題;

 
用靜態註冊的風險是，如果在instance執行中，lisener重新啟動，就找不到instance了。換言之，靜態註冊需要先啟動lisener，再啟動instance。而且靜態模式下，lisener status顯示的是unknown

而且，用動態的話，instance nomount狀態下，一般是dba需要進行操作（比如恢復），這個時候一般直接登陸到host進行，不使用tns遠端連線。

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listner.ora 修改之後：

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
   (SID_DESC =
        (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
        (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/db_1)
        (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
     )
     (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
     )
    )
  )

修改之前：

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.1/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
注意： 一個
LISTENER
(
......
)
對應一個
SID_LIST_LISTENER
(
....
)
如果修改有誤，報錯：
Oracle Error :: TNS-01155 Incorrectly specified SID_LIST_string parameter in LISTENER.ORA