Cacti 流量監控全步驟、郵件報警實現過程

阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-06

一、首先是 lamp 環境,接下來我們順序安裝

[[email protected] src]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make
[[email protected] src]# tar zxf apr-1.4.6.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# tar zxf apr-util-1.5.2.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# tar zxf pcre-8.30.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# tar zxf httpd-2.4.3.tar.gz

[[email protected] src]# cd apr-1.4.6
[[email protected] apr-1.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[[email protected] apr-1.4.6]# make && make install
[[email protected] apr-1.4.6]# cd ../apr-util-1.5.2
[[email protected] apr-util-1.5.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/

[[email protected] apr-util-1.5.2]# make && make install
[[email protected] apr-util-1.5.2]# cd ../pcre-8.30
[[email protected] pcre-8.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
[[email protected] pcre-8.30]# make && make install
[[email protected] pcre-8.30]# cd ../httpd-2.4.3

[[email protected] httpd-2.4.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-mpm=worker --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre/
[[email protected] httpd-2.4.3]# make && make install
[[email protected] src]# yum -y install cmake ncurses ncurses-devel
[[email protected] src]# groupadd mysql
[[email protected] src]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql
[[email protected] src]# tar zxf mysql-5.6.4-m7.tar.gz
[[email protected] mysql-5.6.4-m7]# cmake .
[[email protected] mysql-5.6.4-m7]# make && make install
[[email protected] mysql-5.6.4-m7]# cd ../../
[[email protected] local]# chown -R root:mysql mysql/
[[email protected] local]# chown -R mysql mysql/data/
[[email protected] local]# cp mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected] local]# cp mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp：是否覆蓋"/etc/my.cnf"？ y
[[email protected] local]# ./mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
[[email protected] src]# yum -y install automake autoconf libtool libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel
[[email protected] src]# tar jxf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
[[email protected] src]# tar jxf php-5.4.13.tar.bz2
[[email protected] src]# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
[[email protected] libmcrypt-2.5.8]# ./configure
[[email protected] libmcrypt-2.5.8]# make && make install
[[email protected] libmcrypt-2.5.8]# cd ../php-5.4.13
[[email protected] php-5.4.13]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --with-gd --with-xsl --with-zlib-dir --with-libxml-dir --with-bz2 --enable-exif --enable-ftp --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --enable-soap --with-gd-native-tty --with-mcrypt
[[email protected] php-5.4.13]# make && make install
[[email protected] php-5.4.13]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/php.ini
[[email protected] local]# vim apache/conf/httpd.conf ## 簡單修改幾個地方
[[email protected] local]# ./apache/bin/apachectl start
[[email protected] local]# netstat -anpt | grep httpd ## apache 正常
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 33293/httpd
[[email protected] local]# echo "/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.local
[[email protected] local]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL..... SUCCESS!
[[email protected] local]# netstat -anpt | grep mysqld ## mysql 正常
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 33643/mysqld
[[email protected] local]# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/" >> /etc/profile
[[email protected] local]# source /etc/profile
[[email protected] local]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[[email protected] local]# chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on
[[email protected] local]# mysqladmin -u root -p password 123456
Enter password:
[[email protected] local]# vim apache/htdocs/test.php ## 新增php探針
[[email protected] local]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
[[email protected] local]# service iptables save
iptables：將防火牆規則儲存到 /etc/sysconfig/iptables：[確定]

[[email protected] local]# service iptables reload ## 客戶端訪問php探針測試

二、那接下來就是cacti的安裝了

[[email protected] ~]# date ## 首先檢視一下系統時間對不對不對要更正一下
2014年 02月 12日星期三 21:38:11 CST
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install ntp
[[email protected] ~]# cp -f /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
cp：是否覆蓋"/etc/localtime"？ y
[[email protected] ~]# ntpdate us.pool.ntp.org | hwclock -w
2014年02月12日星期三 21時59分28秒 -0.105724 seconds
[[email protected] ~]# date
2014年 02月 12日星期三 14:32:41 CST
[[email protected] src]# tar zxf cacti-0.8.8b.tar.gz -C /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[[email protected] htdocs]# mv cacti-0.8.8b cacti
[[email protected] htdocs]# useradd cactiuser
[[email protected] htdocs]# chown -R cactiuser:cactiuser cacti/rra cacti/log
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u root -p123456
mysql> create database cactidb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on cactidb.* to [email protected] identified by 'cactiuser';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use cactidb;
Database changed
mysql> source /usr/local/apache/htdocs/cacti/cacti.sql
mysql> quit
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/cacti/include/config.php
$database_type = "mysql";
$database_default = "cactidb";
$database_hostname = "localhost";
$database_username = "cactiuser";
$database_password = "cactiuser";
$database_port = "3306";
$database_ssl = false;
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install rrdtool rrdtool-devel net-snmp net-snmp-utils
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
41 com2sec notConfigUser 192.168.0.218 public ## IP、共同體名
62 access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact all none none ## 改為all
85 view all included .1 80 ## 註釋去掉
[[email protected] ~]# service snmpd start
正在啟動 snmpd： [確定]
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --add snmpd
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --level 35 snmpd on

三、訪問地址安裝 cacti

訪問 http://192.168.0.220/cacti 安裝提示下一步，之後會顯示頁面空白檢視網站錯誤資訊發現如下：
[Wed Feb 12 15:33:55.510859 2014] [:error] [pid 33781:tid 140656689280768] [client 192.168.0.180:63096] PHP Fatal error: Call to undefined function session_unregister() in /usr/local/apache/htdocs/cacti/lib/functions.php on line 408, referer: http://192.168.0.220/cacti/install/index.php
處理方法：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/cacti/lib/functions.php
408 # session_unregister($var_name); ## 把這行註釋掉，重新整理頁面後就可以繼續操作了

[[email protected] ~]# crontab -u cactiuser -e
[[email protected] ~]# crontab -u cactiuser -l ## 這樣的話 cacti 就可以出圖了
*/2 * * * * /usr/local/php/bin/php /usr/local/apache/htdocs/cacti/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1

[[email protected] ~]# service crond start
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --add crond
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --level 35 crond on
[[email protected] ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log ## 這是 cacti 出圖無資料的情況 php 時區報錯
[Wed Feb 12 16:01:41.030899 2014] [:error] [pid 33783:tid 140656573892352] [client 192.168.0.180:63160] PHP Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /usr/local/apache/htdocs/cacti/include/global_arrays.php on line 672, referer: http://192.168.0.220/cacti/graph_view.php?action=tree&tree_id=1&leaf_id=7
處理方法：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/php/php.ini
919 date.timezone = "Asia/shanghai" ## 將時區改為上海
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart ## 重啟 apache 檢視 cacti 是否有資料
[[email protected] ~]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 199 -j ACCEPT ## 如果檢測非本機要開放199埠，以便net-snmp去抓取資料
[[email protected] ~]# service iptables save
[[email protected] ~]# service iptables reload
## 到現在為止 cacti 已經能夠正常運行了，總結一下：安裝步驟呢就是上述這些，首先保證你的 lamp 環境可以正常執行，之後要檢查你的系統時間是否正確，因為這會影響到 cacti 圖中是否有資料，接下來的 cacti 安裝按步驟來就好了，第一次訪問 cacti 時會出現空白頁的情況，這是因為 php 的問題導致，高版本的 php 中會話函式被取消，而我們使用的 cacti 版本中還在繼續使用，所以我們要註釋掉這個函式，裝完 cacti 要定義一個任務計劃，讓 rrdtool 工具來定時畫圖，有沒有圖去 cacti/rra/ 這個目錄底下一看遍知，出圖之後還要注意一下 php.ini 中的時區配置，這可能會導致你的圖出的很晚，一般晚八個小時，這個在 apache 的 error.log 中也是有體現出來的，最後：檢測主機外的裝置時，例如檢查其他 Linux 主機，還要 iptables 開放 tcp 199 埠，可以讓 net-snmp 去抓取資料（因為我一般 OUTPUT 鏈是 ACCEPT ，所有不用做什麼）、被檢測的主機要安裝 net-snmp 包，然後按照上面的設定配置 /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf ，這裡注意一下， 41 行的 IP 地址為 source 也就是源地址，是你 cacti 監控機的地址，不是被檢測主機的地址，如果你的 cacti 在內網，而被監控機在外網，這裡需要寫你路由器的公網地址（這個地址會變）、然後還有一點要注意，被監控機要開啟 udp 161 埠。

四、Cacti 外掛的安裝

首先說一下，cacti 在安裝外掛前要確認一下你的這個版本有沒有整合plugin架構擴充套件，這是安裝所有外掛的前提，在0.8.7i後的cacti版本才整合這個，否則要手動安裝。（我使用的是0.8.8b 所以不用安裝）這個是外掛下載地址，按第一個字母排序 http://docs.cacti.net/plugins
monitor 提供更簡略、直觀的裝置狀態圖 Settings 、thold 用於設定郵件報警
[[email protected] src]# tar zxf monitor-v1.3-1.tgz
[[email protected] src]# mv monitor ../apache/htdocs/cacti/plugins/
[[email protected] src]# tar zxf settings-v0.71-1.tgz
[[email protected] src]# mv settings ../apache/htdocs/cacti/plugins
[[email protected] src]# tar zxf thold-v0.5.0.tgz
[[email protected] src]# mv thold ../apache/htdocs/cacti/plugins
[[email protected] src]# vim ../apache/htdocs/cacti/include/plugins.php
9 $plugin_hooks = array(); ## 搜尋到第九行的欄位之後在下一行加入內容，儲存退出
10 $plugins[] = 'monitor';
11 $plugins[] = 'settings';
12 $plugins[] = 'thold';
## 接著開啟 cacti->console->Plugin Management->在這裡可以看到新增的外掛名前面有一個藍色向下的箭頭->點選之後在點旁邊的綠色向右的箭頭就可以顯示出你的外掛了。